60,575 research outputs found
Bootstrap Panel Granger-Causality Between Government Budget and External Deficits for the EU
No full textWe investigate the existence of Granger-causality between current account and government budget balances over the period 1970-2007, for different EU and OECD country groupings. We use a panel-data approach based on SUR systems and Wald tests with country specific bootstrap critical values. Our results show a causal relation from budget deficits to current account deficits for several EU countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Italy, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, and Slovakia, along the lines of the so-called twin-deficit relationship. Considering the effective real exchange rate in the SUR system does not substantially alter the results.panel causality tests; budget deficit; external imbalance; real exchange rates; EU; OECD.
Attention-dependent modulation of cortical taste circuits revealed by granger causality with signal-dependent noise
No full textWe show, for the first time, that in cortical areas, for example the insular, orbitofrontal, and lateral prefrontal cortex, there is signal-dependent noise in the fMRI blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) time series, with the variance of the noise increasing approximately linearly with the square of the signal. Classical Granger causal models are based on autoregressive models with time invariant covariance structure, and thus do not take this signal-dependent noise into account. To address this limitation, here we describe a Granger causal model with signal-dependent noise, and a novel, likelihood ratio test for causal inferences. We apply this approach to the data from an fMRI study to investigate the source of the top-down attentional control of taste intensity and taste pleasantness processing. The Granger causality with signal-dependent noise analysis reveals effects not identified by classical Granger causal analysis. In particular, there is a top-down effect from the posterior lateral prefrontal cortex to the insular taste cortex during attention to intensity but not to pleasantness, and there is a top-down effect from the anterior and posterior lateral prefrontal cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex during attention to pleasantness but not to intensity. In addition, there is stronger forward effective connectivity from the insular taste cortex to the orbitofrontal cortex during attention to pleasantness than during attention to intensity. These findings indicate the importance of explicitly modeling signal-dependent noise in functional neuroimaging, and reveal some of the processes involved in a biased activation theory of selective attention
Decomposing Granger causality over the spectrum.
No full textWe develop a bivariate spectral Granger-causality test that can be applied at each individual frequency of the spectrum. The spectral approach to Granger causality has the distinct advantage that it allows to disentangle (potentially) different Granger-causality relationships over different time horizons. We illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in the context of the predictive value of European production expectation surveys.Business surveys; Frequency; Granger causality; Production expectations; Spectral analysis; Surveys; Time; Value;
The Granger-Causality between Transportation and GDP: A Panel Data Approach
No full textThis study investigates the Granger-causality relationship between real per capita GDP and transportation of EU-15 countries using a panel data set covering the period 1970-2008. Our findings indicate that the dominant type of Granger-causality is bidirectional. Accordingly, we conclude that care must be paid in defining the dependent and independent variables when studying the relationship between transportation and income. Instances of one-way or no Granger-causality were found to correspond with countries with the lowest income per capita ranks in 1970 and/or in 2008, including Portugal, Greece and Italy. We speculate that bi-directional Granger causality between income and transportation is observed only after an economy has completed its transition in terms of economic development.Granger-causality, Transportation, Income
Granger causality between energy use and economic growth in France with using geostatistical models
No full textThis paper introduces a new way for investigating linear and nonlinear Granger causality between energy use and economic growth in France over the period 1960_2005 with using geostatistical models (kiriging and IDW). This approach imitates the Granger definition and structure and also, improves it to have better ability for probe nonlinear causality. Results of both VEC and Improved-VEC (with geostatistical methods) are almost same. Both show the existence of long run unidirectional causality from energy consumption to economic growth. The geostatistical analyzing shows there are some Exponential functions in VEC structure instead of linear form.Granger causality; Energy consumption; GDP; Geostatistical model; France
Testing for Granger Non-causality in Heterogeneous Panels
No full textThis paper proposes a very simple test of Granger (1969) non-causality for hetero- geneous panel data models. Our test statistic is based on the individual Wald statistics of Granger non causality averaged across the cross-section units. First, this statistic is shown to converge sequentially to a standard normal distribution. Second, the semi- asymptotic distribution of the average statistic is characterized for a fixed T sample. A standardized statistic based on an approximation of the moments of Wald statistics is hence proposed. Third, Monte Carlo experiments show that our standardized panel statistics have very good small sample properties, even in the presence of cross-sectional dependence.Granger non-causality; Panel data; Wald Test.
FDI and trade: A Granger causality analysis in a heterogeneous panel
No full textThis paper will investigate the Granger causality between outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the exports of goods and services in 11 European countries from 1996 to 2008. Using a new method to evaluate causality in a heterogeneous panel, we find that the causal relationship from FDI to exports is homogeneous among the panel. However, we find strong evidence of a heterogeneity of the causal relationship from exports to FDI in our sample.Foreign direct investment, exports, Granger causality, heterogeneous panel
Triaspidogastra testacea GRANGER 1949
No full textTriaspidogastra testacea GRANGER 1949 Triaspidogastra testacea n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 87 (key, typ. gen., descr. ♀, fig. 115, Madagascar). Triaspidogastra testacea GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1978: 1729 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Bekily. Endemic.Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.450736
Rhaconotus ruficollis GRANGER 1949
No full textRhaconotus ruficollis GRANGER 1949 Rhaconotus ruficollis n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 127 (key), 131 (descr. ♀, Madagascar). Rhaconotus ruficollis GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT & MARSH 1976: 1340 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Ranomafana (leg. Seyrig). Endemic.Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 95, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.450736
Ipobracon berlandi GRANGER 1949
No full textIpobracon berlandi GRANGER 1949 Ipobracon berlandi n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 37 (key), 41 (descr. ♀, Madagascar), 42 (fig. 39). Ipobracon berlandi GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1978: 1811 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina: Ivondro. Endemic.Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.450736
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