1,721,103 research outputs found
A Six-Week Study to Evaluate the Anticalculus Efficacy of a Chewing Gum Containing Pyrophosphate and Tripolyphosphate
No full textObjective: A six-week, double-blind, cross-over clinical study was conducted to compare the effect of a new chewing gum containing pyrophosphate (1%) and tripolyphosphate (1%), versus a control chewing gum on supragingival calculus deposits. Methodology: Twenty-eight adult subjects (mean age 34 ± 8 years) who entered the study were given a full oral prophylaxis and were assigned to chew two pieces of gum, four times a day for five minutes. The gum, either a test chewing gum or placebo chewing gum, was randomly assigned and the subjects were directed to chew their assigned gum for six weeks. All participants also received a 12-week supply of a sodium fluoride (0.32%) dentifrice (Colgate). They were then scored for calculus deposits using the modified Volpe-Manhold Calculus Index (VMI) by the same two examiners. At the end of the first six weeks, the subjects received a second oral prophylaxis and used the alternate chewing gum for a second six-week period of time. The subjects were again scored for calculus deposits and the study was completed. Results: The results demonstrated a mean VMI of 3.65 ± 2.82 for the test group, and a mean of 4.24 ± 3.25 for the placebo group. This difference was significant with paired sample t-test (p < 0.001). Conclusion: These results indicated that chewing gum containing pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate reduced supragingival calculus formation by 13.9%, compared to the placebo chewing gum
The effect of zinc lactate added tablets on volatile sulfur-containing compounds in the oral cavity
Full text linkBackground: Oral malodor is defined as breath that is offensive to others and its prevalence is around 35%. Objective: A controlled clinical double-blinded study was conducted to assess the efficacy of sugar-free tablets containing zinc lactate on oral Volatile Sulfur-containing Compounds (VSC) versus placebo tablets. Methods: All participants, who met the inclusion criteria, had to score a level of VSC ≥75 ppb at the basal measurement. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the groups. The test tablet (0.7g) contained 0.255 mg of zinc lactate; the control tablet was identical but without the active agent. The OralChroma2© device was utilized to evaluate VSC. The levels were recorded at baseline, after sucking two tablets in succession and after 1 hour and 2 hours. Data were analyzed with SPSS and significance was set at α=0.05. Results: 186 subjects completed the trial. The mean reduction from baseline at the end of tablets sucking was, respectively, 43% (p <0.001) in the control and 67% (p <0.001) in the test group, after 1 hour, it was 6% in the control (p=NS) and 25% (p <0.001) in the test group, after 2 hours, it was 3% in the control (p=NS) and 12% (p <0.001) in the test group. The comparison between the two groups after baseline adjustment showed a statistically significant difference for reductions at the end of the sucking period (p <0.001), after 1 hour (p <0.001) and after 2 hours (p <0.05). Conclusion: Tablets containing zinc lactate can statistically reduce the oral VSC levels immediately and for over 2 hours
Crossover clinical trial of tablets containing sodium tripolyphosphate on dental stain formation
No full textObjective: The purpose of this clinical investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar-free tablets containing sodium tripolyphosphate 2% or sodium tripolyphosphate 0.65%, compared to a no-tablet control in preventing the formation of extrinsic stains over a 12- week period of regular unsupervised use preserving daily oral hygiene with dentifrice and usual tooth brushing. Methods: This was a single-center, examiner-blind, randomized, 12-week crossover clinical trial. Sixty-six adult participants were enrolled in the study and were submitted to a professional cleaning to have a stain-free baseline. They either consumed two sugar-free tablets four times per day or not for 12 weeks. At the crossover, all procedures were repeated and subjects were assigned to another group. Extrinsic stain was measured at each 12-week period by the Modified Lobene Stain Index (MLSI). Results: After the three legs of 12 weeks, 60 subjects completed the trial, their MLSI stain scores showed a significant 35.5% reduction (p < 0.001) in new stain formation for those using the sodium tripolyphosphate 2% tablets, and a significant 23.3% reduction (p < 0.001) in new stain formation for those using the sodium tripolyphosphate 0.65% tablets versus the control group. Conclusion: This clinical study showed that regular use of sugar-free tablets added with sodium tripolyphosphate 2% or 0.65% can reduce stain formation on the anterior teeth respectively by 35.5% (p < 0.001) or 23.3% (p < 0.001), both on facial and lingual/palatal surfaces
Effect on Dental Stains by Potassium Tripolyphosphate Added Chewing Gum
Full text linkBackground: Today, people worldwide consider the discoloration of teeth the main concern, therefore, dental stains are an important problem for a lot of patients, especially for smokers, and tea and coffee consumers. Objective: This trial was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of a sugar-free chewing gum added with potassium tripolyphosphate, compared to a placebo chewing gum on the development or the removal of dental extrinsic stains preserving regular daily oral hygiene. Methods: This was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, 6-week parallel controlled clinical trial. Among those who were eligible for the trial, 162 adult participants were randomly allocated into two groups of 81 each and were instructed to maintain customary oral hygiene. All subjects started the trial period after an in-office dental visit to set the stain index baseline. They chewed one of the two chewing gums for six weeks, five pieces per day, preferably after meals and snacks, for 10 minutes. Both chewing gums were sugar-free, 2g of weight with the same size and shape. The test chewing gum contained potassium tripolyphosphate (24.4 mg per piece), the control chewing gum was identical without potassium tripolyphosphate, therefore, it did not contain any anti-stain agent. The dental extrinsic stain was measured at the first visit and at the end of six weeks by the Modified Lobene Stain Index (MLSI). Comparisons between the groups were performed using ANOVA after adjustment of the baselines, and comparisons between initial and final indexes inside the groups were performed using paired t-tests. Results: After the 6 weeks, 154 subjects completed the trial, 77 in each group. The mean difference in stain composite index for all sites after six weeks was 0.04±0.07 in the control group and-0.03±0.07 in the test group. This difference was statistically significant after baseline adjustment (p<0.001). Moreover, the differences in stain indexes for both buccal or lingual-palatal sites showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) for those using the test chewing gum versus the control chewing gum. Conclusion: The overall findings of this clinical study suggest that the use of chewing gum containing potassium tripolyphosphate can reduce dental stains versus placebo chewing gum on frontal teeth after six weeks of maintaining regular oral hygiene with normal tooth brushing
The effect of zinc acetate and magnolia bark extract added to chewing gum on volatile sulfur-containing compounds in the oral cavity
No full textObjective: A controlled, clinical, double-blind study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a sugar-free chewing gum containing zinc acetate and magnolia bark extract (MBE) on oral volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC) versus a placebo sugar-free chewing gum for two hours. Methods: To participate in the study, subjects had to have at least 24 of their teeth, no report of oral and systemic diseases, and no removable dentures. All 168 eligible participants had to avoid any professional oral hygiene, refrain from taking medicine for two weeks, and not be menstruating. They were also instructed not to brush their teeth and tongue, smoke, drink alcohol, or eat onion, garlic, or licorice for the six-hour period before the visit and during the test. Moreover, to join the protocol, they had to show a VSC score of > 75 ppb at the baseline measurement. One-hundred and twenty-three subjects (67 men and 56 women, mean age 37) met the criteria at baseline and were entered into either the test or control group by assignment from a table of randomized numbers. The test chewing gum (2.23 g) contained zinc acetate 0.012% and magnolia bark extract 0.15% in weight; the control gum was equivalent without these active agents. The OralChromaTM device was utilized to evaluate total oral VSC. Their levels were recorded at baseline, after ten minutes of mastication, after one hour, and after two hours. Data were analyzed with SPSS software and the level of significance was set at a = 0.05. Results: One-hundred and twenty-three subjects completed the trial (62 in the control group and 61 in the test group); none reported problems linked to zinc acetate or magnolia bark extract. The mean percentage reductions from baseline at the end of the 10-minute chewing were 31.2% in the control group (p < 0.05) and 50.9% in the test group (p < 0.05). One hour later the reductions were 6.9% in the control group and 27.6% in the test group (p < 0.05); two hours later the reductions were 2.3% in the control group and 13.6% in the test group. The comparison of the two groups after baseline adjustment showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in VSC reductions between the test and control chewing gums at the end of the mastication period and after one hour. Conclusion: Chewing gum containing zinc acetate and magnolia bark extract can significantly reduce the oral VSC levels for more than one hour. Moreover, the test chewing gum reduces oral VSC significantly more than a control chewing gum
Comparison between two clinical procedures for bonding fiber posts into a root canal: a microscopic investigation
No full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two brushes used as carriers of a primer-adhesive solution as to the formation of resin tags, adhesive lateral branches, and a hybrid layer when used to bond translucent fiber posts. Twenty endodontically treated teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons, were used. The samples were randomly divided into two groups of 10 samples each (Group 1: Microbrush Scotchbond 1 Rely X ARC resin cement; Group 2: small plastic brush Scotchbond 1 Rely X ARC resin cement). The adhesive system and resin cement were used strictly following manufacturers' instructions. The priming-adhesive solution of the one-bottle system was light-cured before placing the resin cement and the post. Twenty translucent fiber posts were used. After luting procedures, root samples were processed for SEM observations. The adhesive system showed a resin dentin interdiffusion zone (RDIZ), resin tag, and adhesive lateral branch formation. Microscopic examination of restored interfaces of group 1 showed a higher percentage (p < 0.05) of RDIZ than those found in samples of group 2. In group 1 samples, RDIZ morphology was well detectable and uniform in all thirds of the root canals. In group 2, RDIZ was not visible in the apical third. No statistically significant differences were found among the two groups coronally and at the middle third, but the apical third of group 1 showed significantly more resin tag formation than group 2. The characteristic reverse cone shape of resin tags was always noted in the coronal and middle third of the root canals of both groups and in the apical third of group 1. In the apical third of group 2 root canals, the resin tags showed a less uniform morphology and a shorter length than those found in the other observed thirds. Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Endodontists
Evaluation of Glyde File Prep in combination with sodium hypochlorite as a root canal irrigant.
No full textThe purpose of this study using a scanning electron microscope was to investigate the efficacy of four different irrigation techniques after canal preparation with Profile Ni-Ti rotary instruments. A modified technique for the use of Glyde File Prep is proposed. Forty anterior teeth were divided into four groups, instrumented, and irrigated as follows: physiological solution (group A), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (group B), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and Glyde File Prep (group C), and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and Glyde File Prep applied at the end of the preparation with sterile paper points (group D). After scanning electron microscopic evaluation at three different levels, debris, smear layer, and dentinal tubules were scored. Groups A and B had significantly more smear layer and less open tubules on the canal walls compared with the group C and group D samples. Differences in the mean amount of debris between group A samples and other irrigation regimes were statistically significant. Copyright © 2002 by The American Association of Endodontists
Evidence-based treatment planning for the restoration of endodontically treated single teeth: Importance of coronal seal, post vs no post, and indirect vs direct restoration
No full textEvery orthograde endodontic procedure requires restoration of the coronal (access) cavity. The specific type of treatment used in individual cases greatly depends on the amount and configuration of the residual coronal tooth structure. In practice there are Class I access cavities as well as coronally severely damaged, even decapitated, teeth and all conceivable manifestations in between. The latest attempts to review results from clinical trials to answer the question of whether post placement or crowning can be recommended for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth or not are inconclusive. For dental practitioners, this is not a satisfactory result. This appraisal evaluates available evidence and trends for coronal restoration of single endodontically treated teeth with a focus on clinical investigations, where available. It provides specific recommendations for their coronal restoration to assist clinicians in their decision making and treatment planning
Whitening Optical Effect of New Chewing Gums
Full text linkBackground: Today, many treatments are available to enhance the color of teeth, but they require a few days to weeks to deliver this effect. Objective: To evaluate the instantaneous optical whitening effect of two new sugar-free chewing gums and one dentifrice of proven efficacy versus one placebo chewing gum. Methods: This was a single-blind, parallel trial. 424 participants entered the study and were randomly allocated to four groups. They received a personal silicone mask with a calibrated hole at one upper incisor to apply a dental colorimeter. The tools tested were chewing-gum containing indigotine (E132-FD&C Blue 2) and spirulina, chewing-gum containing only spirulina, chewing-gum placebo, and dentifrice containing Blue Covarine. Vita® Easyshade scored the tooth color, and the WIO and WID whiteness indexes were calculated. For chewing gums, the color of the teeth was scored before the assumption and after 2’30” of mastication. For dentifrice, participants brushed for 1’30”, then rinsed, and the color was scored before brushing and after 2’30”. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc. Results: The two experimental whitening chewing gums and the dentifrice significantly increased the WIO and the WID indexes from the baselines (p<0.001). Moreover, their effects were statistically greater than those reported for the placebo chewing gum (p<0.05) but not significatively different among them (p=NS). Conclusion: All the tested whitening tools showed an instant optical whitening perception. Further studies are required to assess the intensity of the effect over a prolonged time to meet the people's request for fast whitening tools
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