5,030 research outputs found
Consideration of Interference Correlation Properties in a JD-CDMA Mobile Radio System with Coherent Receiver Antenna Diversity
No full textIn code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile radio systems, both intersymbol interference and multiple access interference arise which can be combatted by using Joint Detection (JD) techniques, to reduce the degradation in performance resulting from time variance, coherent receiver antenna diversity (CRAD) can be used. The application of JD techniques offers the possibility to exploit the knowledge of noise covariances at the receiver. If only intercell (cochannel) interference is considered, the noise covariances in the uplink receiver of a multiple receiver antenna CDMA mobile radio system depend mainly on the directions of arrival (DOAs) of the interfering signals and the receiver antenna placement. Therefore, if the interferer DOAs are known at the base station, these covariances could be estimated. In this thesis, a realistic model of the uplink of a JD CDMA mobile radio system with CRAD is described in which the above mentioned interference cancelling method is used. Simulation results according to this model are given and evaluated.Applied SciencesElectrical EngineeringTelecommunications and Traffic Control Systems Grou
COVID-19: The Triple Threat Against Our Well Being
No full textThis Healing the Nation webinar is focused on the social, economic, and health impacts of COVID-19 on individual and community level well-being. Dr. Benjamin F. Miller, chief strategy officer for Well Being Trust, along with Dr. Carol Graham, Dayna Matthew, JD, and Dr. Ashwin Vasan talk about the current status of the crisis and comprehensive solutions we can put forth in response
Dairy farmers’ perceptions toward the implementation of on-farm Johne’s disease prevention and control strategies
No full textmplementation of specific management strategies on dairy farms is currently the most effective way to reduce the prevalence of Johne’s disease (JD), an infectious chronic enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). However, dairy farmers often fail to implement recommended strategies. The objective of this study was to assess perceptions of farmers participating in a JD prevention and control program toward recommended practices, and explore factors that influence whether or not a farmer adopts risk-reducing measures for MAP transmission. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 dairy farmers enrolled in a voluntary JD control program in Alberta, Canada. Principles of classical grounded theory were used for participant selection, interviewing, and data analysis. Additionally, demographic data and MAP infection status were collected and analyzed using quantitative questionnaires and the JD control program database. Farmers’ perceptions were distinguished according to 2 main categories: first, their belief in the importance of JD, and second, their belief in recommended JD prevention and control strategies. Based on these categories, farmers were classified into 4 groups: proactivists, disillusionists, deniers, and unconcerned. The first 2 groups believed in the importance of JD, and proactivists and unconcerned believed in proposed JD prevention and control measures. Groups that regarded JD as important had better knowledge about best strategies to reduce MAP transmission and had more JD risk assessments conducted on their farm. Although not quantified, it also appeared that these groups had more JD prevention and control practices in place. However, often JD was not perceived as a problem in the herd and generally farmers did not regard JD control as a “hot topic” in communications with their herd veterinarian and other farmers. Recommendations regarding how to communicate with farmers and motivate various groups of farmers according to their specific perceptions were provided to optimize adoption of JD prevention and control measures and thereby increase success of voluntary JD control programs
Deformation density of A diazirene ring in the X-ray structure of 3-[(Para-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-3-chorodiazirine
No full textPT: J; CR: BAERT F, 1982, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A, V38, P143 BATTAGLIA R, 1980, Z NATURFORSCH B, V35, P719 CARRUTHERS JR, 1989, CRYSTALS DUNITZ JD, 1973, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR B, V29, P589 GRAHAM WH, 1965, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P4396 HANSEN NK, 1978, ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A, V34, P909 HEINE HW, 1983, SMALL RING HETEROCYC, V2, P547 LINDEN A, 1988, J ORG CHEM, V53, P1085 LIU MTH, 1987, CHEM DIAZIRINES MOFFAT JB, 1978, CHEM DIAZONIUM DIA 1 PIERCE L, 1962, J AM CHEM SOC, V84, P2651 REGITZ M, 1989, HOUBENWEYL E B, V19 SCHMITZ E, 1979, ADV HETEROCYCL CHEM, V24, P63 SEILER P, 1988, HELV CHIM ACTA, V71, P2100; NR: 14; TC: 10; J9: J AMER CHEM SOC; PG: 2; GA: HF639Source type: Electronic(1
Fostering Career Self-Efficacy via Mindfulness and Life Coaching::A Positive Psychology Sustainable Career Framework
No full textThis chapter aims to develop a Positive Psychology Sustainable Career (PPSC) framework to foster career self-efficacy by providing an overview of how one’s career may play out across their career span. The psychology and vocational behavior literature have tended to develop in parallel via various theories, including conservation of resources, Job Demand-Resources (JD-R), and sustainable careers. Moreover, mindfulness and life coaching have emerged within positive psychology. Yet, efforts to integrate these different theories and approaches remain in a fragmented and embryonic state. Theoretical implications come from integrating psychology and vocational behavior literature in response to uncertain and competitive labor markets. Practical implications highlight the need for early intervention and continued support across the career span. The PPSC framework can act as part of a broader toolkit to support individuals in preparing for and navigating chance events and career shocks by giving meaning to their careers and living their best life
Cowpox virus infection in natural field vole Microtus agrestispopulations: significant negative impacts on survival
No full text1. Cowpox virus is an endemic virus circulating in populations of wild rodents. It has been implicated as a potential cause of population cycles in field voles Microtus agrestis L., in Britain, owing to a delayed density-dependent pattern in prevalence, but its impact on field vole demographic parameters is unknown. This study tests the hypothesis that wild field voles infected with cowpox virus have a lower probability of survival than uninfected individuals. 2. The effect of cowpox virus infection on the probability of an individual surviving to the next month was investigated using longitudinal data collected over 2 years from four grassland sites in Kielder Forest, UK. This effect was also investigated at the population level, by examining whether infection prevalence explained temporal variation in survival rates, once other factors influencing survival had been controlled for. 3. Individuals with a probability of infection, P(I), of 1 at a time when base survival rate was at median levels had a 22.4% lower estimated probability of survival than uninfected individuals, whereas those with a P(I) of 0.5 had a 10.4% lower survival. 4. At the population level, survival rates also decreased with increasing cowpox prevalence, with lower survival rates in months of higher cowpox prevalence. 5. Simple matrix projection models with 28 day time steps and two stages, with 71% of voles experiencing cowpox infection in their second month of life (the average observed seroprevalence at the end of the breeding season) predict a reduction in 28-day population growth rate during the breeding season from λ = 1.62 to 1.53 for populations with no cowpox infection compared with infected populations. 6. This negative correlation between cowpox virus infection and field vole survival, with its potentially significant effect on population growth rate, is the first for an endemic pathogen in a cyclic population of wild rodents
Activation energy for a 1, 2-hydrogen shift in (phenoxymethyl) chlorocarbene
No full textPT: J; CR: BONNEAU R, 1989, J AM CHEM SOC, V111, P5973 EVANSECK JD, 1990, J PHYS CHEM-US, V94, P5518 GRAHAM WH, 1965, J AM CHEM SOC, V87, P4396 JACKSON JE, 1988, J AM CHEM SOC, V110, P5595 JACKSON JE, 1989, J AM CHEM SOC, V111, P6874 LAVILLA JA, 1989, J AM CHEM SOC, V111, P6877 LIU MTH, 1987, CHEM DIAZIRINES, V1, P111 LIU MTH, 1989, J AM CHEM SOC, V111, P6873 LIU MTH, 1990, J AM CHEM SOC, V112, P3915 MORGAN S, 1991, J AM CHEM SOC, V113, P2782 MOSS RA, 1990, J AM CHEM SOC, V112, P5642 MOSS RA, 1990, KINETIC SPECTROSCOPY SCAIANO JC, 1988, CHEM KINETICS SMALL, V3, P73; NR: 13; TC: 5; J9: J ORG CHEM; PG: 2; GA: GH369Source type: Electronic(1
Knowledge gaps that hamper prevention and control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection
No full textIn the last decades, many regional and country‐wide control programmes for Johne's disease (JD ) were developed due to associated economic losses, or because of a possible association with Crohn's disease. These control programmes were often not successful, partly because management protocols were not followed, including the introduction of infected replacement cattle, because tests to identify infected animals were unreliable, and uptake by farmers was not high enough because of a perceived low return on investment. In the absence of a cure or effective commercial vaccines, control of JD is currently primarily based on herd management strategies to avoid infection of cattle and restrict within‐farm and farm‐to‐farm transmission. Although JD control programmes have been implemented in most developed countries, lessons learned from JD prevention and control programmes are underreported. Also, JD control programmes are typically evaluated in a limited number of herds and the duration of the study is less than 5 year, making it difficult to adequately assess the efficacy of control programmes. In this manuscript, we identify the most important gaps in knowledge hampering JD prevention and control programmes, including vaccination and diagnostics. Secondly, we discuss directions that research should take to address those knowledge gaps
Young women's use of a microbicide surrogate: The complex influence of relationship characteristics and perceived male partners' evaluations
No full textThis is the post-print version of the article. The official published version can be found at the link below.Currently in clinical trials, vaginal microbicides are proposed as a female-initiated method of sexually transmitted infection prevention. Much of microbicide acceptability research has been conducted outside of the United States and frequently without consideration of the social interaction between sex partners, ignoring the complex gender and power structures often inherent in young women’s (heterosexual) relationships. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to build on existing microbicide research by exploring the role of male partners and relationship characteristics on young women’s use of a microbicide surrogate, an inert vaginal moisturizer (VM), in a large city in the United States. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 young women (18–23 years old; 85% African American; 47.5% mothers) following use of the VM during coital events for a 4 week period. Overall, the results indicated that relationship dynamics and perceptions of male partners influenced VM evaluation. These two factors suggest that relationship context will need to be considered in the promotion of vaginal microbicides. The findings offer insights into how future acceptability and use of microbicides will be influenced by gendered power dynamics. The results also underscore the importance of incorporating men into microbicide promotion efforts while encouraging a dialogue that focuses attention on power inequities that can exist in heterosexual relationships. Detailed understanding of these issues is essential for successful microbicide acceptability, social marketing, education, and use.This study was funded by a grant from National Institutes of Health (NIHU19AI 31494) as well as research awards to the first author: Friends of the Kinsey Institute Research Grant Award, Indiana University’s School of HPER Graduate Student Grant-in-Aid of Research Award, William L. Yarber Sexual Health Fellowship, and the Indiana University Graduate and Professional Student Organization Research Grant
Evaluation of an alternative method of herd classification for infection with paratuberculosis in cattle herds in the United States
No full textObjective - To develop a better system for classification of herd infection status for paratuberculosis (Johne's disease JD]) in US cattle herds on the basis of the risk of potential transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratubeculosis. Sample - Simulated data for herd size and within-herd prevalence; sensitivity and specificity for test methods obtained from consensus-based estimates. Procedures - Interrelationships among variables influencing interpretation and classification of herd infection status for JD were evaluated by use of simulated data for various herd sizes, true within-herd prevalences, and sampling and testing methods. The probability of finding ≥1 infected animal in herds was estimated for various testing methods and sample sizes by use of hypergeometric random sampling. Results - 2 main components were required for the new herd JD classification system: the probability of detection of infection determined on the basis of test results from a sample of animals and the maximum detected number of animals with positive test results. Tables were constructed of the estimated probability of detection of infection, and the maximum number of cattle with positive test results or fecal pools with positive culture results with 95% confidence for classification of herd JD infection status were plotted. Herd risk for JD was categorized on the basis of 95% confidence that the true within-herd prevalence was ≤15%, ≤10%, ≤5%, or ≤2%. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Analysis of the findings indicated that a scientifically rigorous and transparent herd classification system for JD in cattle is feasible.Source type: Electronic(1
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