943 research outputs found
Spending and economic activity from recreation at Oregon state park properties - Columbia River Gorge management unit
No full textEric M. White and Darren Goodding.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (page 16).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Spending and economic activity from recreation at Oregon State Park units - coastal region and Milo McIver State Park, an update
No full textEric M. White, Darren Goodding, and Randall S. Rosenberger.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (page 25).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Erhart Kästner’s Travel Accounts and Nazi Perceptions of Greece
No full textThis essay examines the work of the German writer Erhart Kästner, the author of a number of travel accounts on Greece published during the Second World War. Commissioned by the Wehrmacht, Kästner’s books were intended to provide German soldiers with knowledge about the country they were occupying and to serve as leisure reading. The essay focuses on Kästner ́s accounts, using them as a lens through which to examine how National Socialism's racial stereotyping of Greece was appropriated by the rank and file of the German army, shaping their perception of the country. On the other hand, it also investigates how a repertoire of stereotypes, deeply rooted in German and, more generally, Western culture, fed into the Nazis' ideological view of Greece during the occupation
Adjunctive treatment with oral AKL1, a botanical nutraceutical, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Get PDFClaire Brockwell,1 Sundari Ampikaipakan,1,2 Darren W Sexton,1 David Price,3,4 Daryl Freeman,5 Mike Thomas,6 Muzammil Ali,4 Andrew M Wilson1,21Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; 2Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK; 3Academic Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK; 4Research in Real Life, Cambridge, UK; 5Mundesley Medical Centre, Mundesley, Norwich, UK; 6Primary Care Research, Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UKPurpose: The objective of this pilot trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AKL1, a patented botanical formulation containing extracts of Picrorhiza kurroa, Ginkgo biloba, and Zingiber officinale, as add-on therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic cough.Patients and methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled male and female patients >18 years old with COPD and Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) score of <18. The 10-week study period comprised a 2-week single-blind placebo run-in period followed by add-on treatment with AKL1 or placebo twice daily for 8 weeks. The primary study endpoint was the change from week 0 to week 8 in cough-related health status, as assessed by the LCQ.Results: Of 33 patients enrolled, 20 were randomized to AKL1 and 13 to placebo. Patients included 19 (58%) men and 14 (42%) women of mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 67 (9.4) years; 15 (45%) patients were smokers and 16 (49%) were ex-smokers. The mean (SD) change from baseline in LCQ score at 8 weeks was 2.3 (4.9) in the AKL1 group and 0.6 (3.7) in the placebo group, with mean difference in change of 1.8 (95% confidence interval: –1.5 to 5.1; P=0.28). The St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score improved substantially in the AKL1 treatment group by a mean (SD) of –7.7 (11.7) versus worsening in the placebo group (+1.5 [9.3]), with mean difference in change of –9.2 (95% confidence interval: –19.0 to 0.6; P=0.064). There were no significant differences between treatment groups in change from baseline to week 8 in other patient-reported measures, lung function, or the 6-minute walk distance.Conclusion: Further study is needed with a larger patient population and over a longer duration to better assess the effects of add-on therapy with AKL1 in COPD.Keywords: Leicester Cough Questionnaire, anti-inflammatory, Picrorhiza kurroa, Ginkgo biloba, Zingiber officinal
Improved near surface mapping in groundwater studies: Application of fast-sampling time-domain EM surveying methods
No full textCopyright © 2002 Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists Please see page 26 of PDF for this item.Michael Hatch, Brian Barrett, Darren Bennetts, Graham Heinson, Andrew Telfer, Craig Robert
Electron transfer in two and three dimensions
Get PDFA number of osmium bipyndyl complexes have been synthesised and characterised using spectroscopic, chromatographic and electrochemical techniques. The complexes formed are [Os(bpy)2 4-tet C1]C104, [Os(bpy)2 4-bpt C1]PF6 and [Os(bpy)2 Cl 4-bpt Os(bpy) 2 C1](PF6)2, where bpy is 2 ,2 ’-bipyridyl, 4-tet is 3,6-bis(4-pyndyl)-l,2,455-tetrazine and 4- bpt is 3,5-bis(pyridin-4-yl)-l,2,4-tnazole Monolayers of [Os(bpy) 2 4-tet C1]C1 0 4 have been formed by spontaneous adsorption onto clean gold microelectrodes. The tetrazine bridge between the [Os(bpy)2Cl]+ head group and the metal electrode surface undergoes a reversible protonation/deprotonation reaction depending on the pH of the contacting electrolyte solution High speed cyclic voltammetry reveals that the redox switching mechanism is best described as a non-adiabatic, through-bond tunnelling mechanism Significantly, while protonating the bridging ligand does not influence the free energy of activation, 10 3±1 1 kJ mol *, k° decreases by 1 order of magnitude from 1 1 x 104 s 1 to 1 2 x 103 s 1 upon going from a deprotonated to a protonated bridge. These observations are interpreted in terms of a through-bond tunnelling mechanism m which protonation decreases the electron density on the bridge and reduces the strength of electronic coupling between the redox centre and the electrode.
Solid deposits of the dimeric complex [Os(bpy) 2 Cl 4-bpt Os(bpy)2 C1](PF6)2 have been deposited on platinum microelectrodes by mechanical attachment. The electrochemical response exhibited by these deposits is unusually ideal over a wide range of electrolyte compositions and pH values Dct, the charge transport diffusion coefficient, is independent of the electrolyte concentration, indicating that electron self-exchange between adjacent redox centres limits the overall rate of charge transport through the solid In 1 0 M L1CIO4 and 1 0 M HCIO4, Dct values are 2 0±0 lxlO10 and 1 7±0 4x10 10 cm2 s corresponding to second order electron transfer rate constants of 18 x l07 and 3xl07 M 1 s 1. The standard rate of heterogeneous electron transfer across the electrode/deposit interface is 1 08+0 05x10 cm s. This value is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that found for a similar monomeric complex in which the bridging ligand is attached directly to the electrode surface, indicating that the 4-bpt ligand does not promote strong electronic communication between the [Os(bpy)2CI]+ head group and the electrode surface.
Monolayers of [Os(bpy)2 4-bptCl]PF6 have been formed by spontaneous adsorption onto platinum microelectrodes. These monolayers are extremely stable under a wide range of electrolyte compositions and pH values Significantly, the 4-bpt ligand is capable of undergoing a protonation/deprotonation reaction depending on the pH of the contacting electrolyte solution. High speed chronoamperometry reveals that protonation of the 4-bpt bridging ligand causes the standard rate of heterogeneous electron transfer to decrease by at least an order of magnitude from 2 67 x 106 to 4 5 x 104 s' 1 for the oxidation process and from 1 60 x 106 to 1 9 x 105 for the reduction process Consistent with a superexchange mechanism, these observation are interpreted in terms of a hole superexchange process, the rate of which decreases with increasing energy gap between the osmium metal dn orbitals and the highest occupied molecular orbital of the bridge
Training Load and Carbohydrate Periodization Practices of Elite Male Australian Football Players: Evidence of Fueling for the Work Required.
Get PDFThe authors aimed to quantify (a) the periodization of physical loading and daily carbohydrate (CHO) intake across an in-season weekly microcycle of Australian Football and (b) the quantity and source of CHO consumed during game play and training. Physical loading (via global positioning system technology) and daily CHO intake (via a combination of 24-hr recall, food diaries, and remote food photographic method) were assessed in 42 professional male players during two weekly microcycles comprising a home and away fixture. The players also reported the source and quantity of CHO consumed during all games (n = 22 games) and on the training session completed 4 days before each game (n = 22 sessions). The total distance was greater (p < .05) on game day (GD; 13 km) versus all training days. The total distance differed between training days, where GD-2 (8 km) was higher than GD-1, GD-3, and GD-4 (3.5, 0, and 7 km, respectively). The daily CHO intake was also different between training days, with reported intakes of 1.8, 1.4, 2.5, and 4.5 g/kg body mass on GD-4, GD-3, GD-2, and GD-1, respectively. The CHO intake was greater (p < .05) during games (59 ± 19 g) compared with training (1 ± 1 g), where in the former, 75% of the CHO consumed was from fluids as opposed to gels. Although the data suggest that Australian Football players practice elements of CHO periodization, the low absolute CHO intakes likely represent considerable underreporting in this population. Even when accounting for potential underreporting, the data also suggest Australian Football players underconsume CHO in relation to the physical demands of training and competition
A decrease in physical activity affects appetite, energy and nutrient balance in lean men feeding ad libitum
No full textBackground: It is not clear how decreased activity quantitatively affects energy balance (EB) in subjects feeding ad libitum. \ud
\ud
Objective: We assessed the effect of an imposed sedentary routine on appetite, energy intake (EI), EB, and nutrient balance in lean men for 7 d. \ud
\ud
Design: Six men with a mean (±SD) age of 23.0 ± 2.3 y, weight of 69.2 ± 11.4 kg, and height of 1.76 ± 0.07 m were each studied twice during a sedentary [1.4 x resting metabolic rate (RMR)] and a moderately active (1.8 x RMR) regimen. During each treatment, they resided in the whole-body indirect calorimeter for the 7 d and had ad libitum access to a medium-fat diet of constant, measurable composition. Meal size, frequency, and composition were continually monitored. Motivation to eat was recorded during waking hours. Subjects were weighed in light clothing each morning, and their weight was corrected to nude. \ud
\ud
Results: Energy expenditure was 9.7 and 12.8 MJ/d [P < 0.01; SE of the difference between means (SED) = 0.41] during the sedentary and active regimens, respectively. EI was 13.5 and 14.4 MJ/d (P = 0.463, SED = 1.06), respectively. There was no regimen effect on hunger, appetite, or body weight. By day 7, cumulative EB was 26.3 and 11.1 MJ, respectively. \ud
\ud
Conclusions: Reducing a level of physical activity from 1.8 to 1.4 x RMR can markedly affect EB. A sedentary routine does not induce a compensatory reduction of EI and leads to a significantly positive EB, most of which is stored as fat
[Review of the book Achieving sustainable freshwater systems: A web of connections, edited by Marjorie M. Holland, Elizabeth R. Blood and Lawrence R. Shaffer]
No full textElectro-anatomical models of the cochlear implant
Get PDFThesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-225).While cochlear implantation has become the standard care in treating patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, the variation in benefit (communicative ability) individual patients derive from implantation remains both large and, for the most part, unexplained. One explanation for this variation is the status of the implanted ear which, when examined histopathologically, also displays substantial variation due to both the pathogenesis of hearing loss (etiology, etc.) and pathological changes initiated by implantation. For instance, across-patient variation in electrode position and insertion depth is clearly present, as are differential amounts of residual spiral ganglion survival, fibrous tissue formation and electrode encapsulation, cochlear ossification, and idiosyncratic damage to adjacent cochlear structures. Because of the complex geometric electrical properties of the tissues found in the implanted ear, demonstrating the impact of pathological variability on neuronal excitation, and ultimately on behavioral performance, will likely require a detailed representation of the peripheral anatomy. Our approach has been to develop detailed, three-dimensional (3D) electro-anatomical models (EAMs) of the implanted ear capable of representing the aforementioned patient-specific types of pathological variation. In response to electric stimulation, these computational models predict an estimate of (1) the 3D electric field, (2) the cochleotopic pattern of neural activation, and (3) the electrically-evoked compound action potential (ECAP) recorded from intracochlear electrodes. This thesis focuses on three aims. First, two patient-specific EAMs are formulated from hundreds of digital images of the histologically-sectioned temporal bones of two patients, attempting to incorporate the detailed pathology of each. Second, model predictions are compared to relevant reports from the literature, data collected from a cohort of implanted research subjects, and, most importantly, to archival data collected during life from the same two patients used to derive our psychophysical threshold measures, and ECAP recordings) collectively show a promising correspondence between model-predicted and empirically-measured data. Third, by making incremental adjustments to the anatomical representation in the model, the impact of individual attributes are investigated, mechanisms that may degrade benefit suggested, and potential interventions explored.by Darren M. Whiten.Ph.D
- …
