10,032 research outputs found
Almonds: botany, production and uses/ edited by Rafel Socias i Company and Thomas M. Gradziel.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.This book, containing 20 chapters, deals with almond taxonomy, morphology, physiology, cultivation history, production, breeding (classical and molecular), cultivar development, genomics, pollen-style (in)compatibility, rootstock development, propagation, orchard management, environmental and water requirements, nutrition, diseases, pests, harvesting, chemical composition, marketing, processing and industrialization.Taxonomy, Botany and Physiology / Rafel Socias i Company, Jos ̌M. Ansn̤ and Mara̕ T. Espiau -- History of Cultivation / Thomas M. Gradziel -- Production and Growing Regions / Thomas M. Gradziel, Robert Curtis and Rafel Socias i Company -- Almond in the Southern Hemisphere / Michelle Wirthensohn and Luis Iannamico -- Classical Genetics and Breeding / Ignasi Batlle, Federico Dicenta, Rafel Socias i Company, Thomas M. Gradziel, Michelle Wirthensohn, Henri Duval and Francisco J. Vargas -- Molecular Breeding and Genomics / Carolina Font i Forcada, Raquel Sǹchez-Přez, Iban Eduardo, Shu-Biao Wu and ℓngel Fernǹdez i Mart ̕-- Late-blooming Cultivar Development / Federico Dicenta, Raquel Sǹchez-Přez, Ignasi Batlle and Pedro Martn̕ez-Gm̤ez -- Pollen-Style (In)compatibility: Development of Autogamous Cultivars / Rafel Socias i Company -- Rootstock Development / Mara̕ J. Rubio-Cabetas, Antonio J. Felipe and Gregory L. Reighard -- Propagation Techniques / Mara̕ J. Rubio-Cabetas, Antonio J. Felipe and Mireia Bordas -- Orchard Management / Octavio Arquero and Katherine Jarvis-Shean -- Environmental Requirements / Jos ̌M. Alonso -- Almond Water Requirements / David Doll -- Almond Tree Nutrition / Saiful Muhammad, Sebastian Saa, Sat Darshan S. Khalsa, Steve Weinbaum and Patrick Brown -- Almond Diseases / Ana Palacio-Bielsa, Mariano Cambra, Carmen Martn̕ez, Antonio Olmos, Vicente Palls̀, Mara̕ M. Lp̤ez, James E. Adaskaveg, Helga Fr̲ster, Miguel A. Cambra, Henri Duval and Daniel Esmenjaud -- Almond Pests / Frank G. Zalom, Eva Nę︢z and Roger A. Baldwin -- Almond Harvesting / Jos ̌L. Espada Carb ̤and Joseph H. Connell -- Chemical Composition of Almond Nuts / Ossama Kodad -- World Almond Market / Ned T. Ryan -- Processing and Industrialization / Alexis Verd, ︢ Santiago Izquierdo and Rafel Socias i Company.1 online resource
Failed Censures: Ecclesiastical Regulation of Women’s Clothing in Late Medieval Italy
No full textChurchmen in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries tried to regulate the costume of Italian women. These efforts failed, and regulation was largely left thereafter to civic authorities.The published version was published as Chapter 3 in Medieval Clothing and Textiles 5Izbicki, Thomas M. (2009), "Failed Censures: Ecclesiastical Regulation of Women’s Clothing in Late Medieval Italy" in Netherton, Robin and Owen-Crocker, Gale R., eds., Medieval Clothing and Textiles 5 (Boydell Press), 37-53ISBN: 9781843834519 (published book)Peer reviewe
Forbidden Colors in the Regulation of Clerical Dress from the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) to the Time of Nicholas of Cusa (d. 1464)
No full textMedieval canon law attempted to distinguish clergy from the laity by restricting their dress choices. The article focuses on prohibition of wearing red or green on the street. Both colors were identified with the nobility.The published version was published as Chapter 7 in Medieval Clothing and Textiles 1Izbicki, Thomas M. (2005), "Forbidden Colors in the Regulation of Clerical Dress from the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) to the Time of Nicholas of Cusa (d. 1464)" in Netherton, Robin and Owen-Crocker, Gale R., eds., Medieval Clothing and Textiles 1 (Boydell Press),105-114ISBN: 9781843831235 (published book
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Ontogeny of Almond Vegetative Meristems during Dormancy
No full textVegetative development is crucial to orchard tree growth and productivity. Vegetative bud formation and subsequent preformed and neoformed growth patterns determine tree size and architecture (Arquero and Jarvis-Shean 2017). Because flower buds are derived from vegetative buds, the number and distribution of vegetative buds are also a major determinant in tree crop (Lamp et al. 2001). The failure or significant delay of vegetative bud development and growth weakens tree productivity in the current year through the decreased availability of new shoots and leaves for photosynthesis. Failures affect tree productivity in the following years through decreased flower-bearing wood and thus decreased potential yields. In temperate crops various types of dormancy, including paradormancy, endodormancy and ecodormancy, have evolved to suppress bud development and so make these crop species less vulnerable to adverse environments. Different cultivars have different chill and heat requirements for successful transition through dormancy. With ongoing climate change, these differences have made some cultivars more vulnerable to subsequent bud survival and growth. Such bud “pushing” failures have a range of possible causes, including virus and bacterial infections, nutrient deficiencies and insufficient winter vernalization to overcome endodormancy (Gradziel and Fresnedo-Ramírez 2019). Endodormancy is defined as growth suppression by physiological factors within the plant vegetative buds, even in favorable environments (Alonso et al. 2005). Genetic bud-failures include those associated with specific cultivars and in particular Noninfectious Bud Failure (NBF) in Nonpareil and Carmel, and Environmental Bud Failure (EBF) in Monterey and Bennett-Hickman (Fresnedo-Ramírez et al. 2019). NBF and EBF both result in bud-failures but differ in their induction, developmental timelines, and ultimate cause of collapse. Understanding these differences is important for both diagnosis and management.Genetic control of Noninfectious Bud Failure has been demonstrated in crossing studies with almond and peach (Gradziel and Fresnedo-Ramírez 2019; Gradziel and Shackel 2021). Noninfectious bud-failure does not result from a genetic change but rather a change in the state of a “dormancy” gene; in effect, this gene is turned off at the wrong time and this change is irreversible once a certain genetic “age” is achieved (Fresnedo-Ramírez 2017; Gradziel and Shackel 2021). Results from earlier studies (Kester et al. 2005) support the current working model that this gene is also involved in the proper functioning of a hypothesized paradormancy in almond during late summer, and that this is the initial induction or trigger of the disorder. In contrast to endodormancy, paradormancy refers to bud dormancy caused by a signal from a structure other than the buds and is often associated with apical dominance (Kester et al. 2005).A critical diagnostic for NBF is that vegetative buds are already dead (necrotic and brown at the core) going into winter dormancy in the fall, further indicating that the induction occurred during earlier growth. Mechanisms for controlling gene action without changing gene identity are known as epigenetic mechanisms and include changes in gene methylation (D’Amico- Willman et al. 2021a; D’Amico-Willman et al. 2021b), chromosome (telomere) structure (D’Amico-Willman et al. 2021c), micro-RNA composition as well as several still poorly understood processes (Gradziel and Fresnedo-Ramírez 2019).In contrast, the greater site, source and year-to-year variability in Environmental Bud Failure (EBF) suggests that while it is associated with certain highly susceptible cultivars, it is strongly influenced by environmental factors such as diseases and other stresses during the previous growing seasons as well as environmental conditions during dormancy. Environmental bud-failure is activated at some time between fall dormancy and bud-pushing the following spring, but, like NBF, the specific time (and so developmental stage) of failure has not been determined. To better characterize the time and position of such failures in bud development, useful developmental milestones for bud development prior to and during dormancy need to be identified. This study has shown that the number of leaf primordia in dormant Nonpareil as well as Monterey buds shows a uniform rate of increase throughout dormancy. This internal bud- growth pattern can be thus used to establish a developmental timeline for normal dormant-bud development as well as providing more precise estimates for the time of bud failure. While much of this work is preliminary, it opens the door to a better understanding of the ontogeny of meristem and vegetative bud development in perennial plants. Ontogenesis is defined as the development of an individual organ or anatomical feature from the earliest stage to maturity. Negron et al. (2014) have demonstrated that the relative axillary bud position on current season shoot growth was the critical determinant of subsequent shoot fate, whether flower, or vegetative shoot, or blind node. This current research demonstrates that axillary bud ontogeny, including the structure and development of meristematic tissues within individual buds, is a critical determinant of subsequent development years to decades after initial formation. Improved knowledge of such deferred fates including endodormancy, paradormancy and ecodormancy, as well as epicormic shoot induction, will lead to more effective growth management in agricultural and ecological systems, including improved diagnosis and remediation of developmental disorders
Western medieval legal manuscripts in the collections of the University of Pennsylvania
No full textWestern legal manuscripts of the Middle Ages in North American collections are among the least known to scholars. The University of Pennsylvania has a rich collection of these texts, several of which were in the collection of the historian Henry Charles Lea. Included are works of civil law and canon law, as well as collections of papal letters and guides to pastoral care. The descriptions of most of these manuscripts in the catalog of Norman P. Zacour and Rudolf Hirsch are perfunctory, sometimes erring or omitting valuable information. Other manuscripts were added in recent years in the Lawrence J. Schoenberg Collection. Much of this material is being added to the Franklin online catalog of the University’s libraries, but researchers frequently do not search these digital resources. This article provides more complete guidance to the University’s medieval legal manuscripts than any of the existing catalogs offers, whether in print or online. It also provides updated bibliographic information in print or online. Every manuscript has been examined by the author in situ. Among the important works represented in the collection is the Panormia (a work of canon law often attributed to Ivo of Chartres). Authors present include the curialist Thomas of Capua, canonists Petrus de Braco, William of Pagula, Bernardus Raimundi, Adam of Aldersbach, Raymond of Peñafort, and civil lawyers Baldus de Ubaldis, and Bartolus de Saxoferrato. Three of these manuscripts were owned in the past by Sir Thomas Phillipps
Landsat MSS classification of fire fuel types in Wood Buffalo National Park, northern Canada
No full textJ1: Global Ecology & Biogeography Letters; M3: Article; Milne, David Franklin, Steven E. Wilson, Bradley A. Ghitter, Geoff Heathcott, Mark McCaffrey, Thomas M. Ow, Charlotte F. Y.; Source Information: Mar1994, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p33; Subject Term: FOREST fires; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canada (Wood Buffalo National Park); Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel type classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat data; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Articl
The reception of Suetonius, De vita Caesarum in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: the manuscript evidence
No full textThe introduction will emphasize that my concern is with the transmission and reception of the text. As such, I carefully set aside all questions of the quality off various manuscripts as far as their usefulness in recreating the original, that is the problem of an edition. I also set aside the questions of content and authorship. I am not interested in who Suetonius was, how accurate was his work, or what were his sources. I am interested in anyone who has asked these questions, if they have, and why they asked them. I am also interested in how they used the text: for literary references, epigrams, moral exegesis, a study of the Roman empire. Also, how changes to text make it more useful to them. Thus, where those wishing to prepare an edition may set aside a manuscript as hopelessly conflated or filled with later accretions, this very manuscript can be very useful to me.Stephanie Tibbetts intended to do a larger project on the reception of Suetonius’ De vita Caesarum. The part most nearly completed was the catalog of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts. She travelled to numerous libraries in Europe and North America. Wherever she was unable to see a copy, I have attempted to flesh out her notes from online facsimiles and secondary sources. Other copies were identified in the course of my work on the catalog. These will not be the last found, especially when one adds those manuscripts containing excerpts from the text or fragments of damaged copies. -Thomas M. Izbicki, Swarthmore, February 9, 201
The reception of Suetonius, De vita Caesarum in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance: the manuscript evidence
No full textThe introduction will emphasize that my concern is with the transmission and reception of the text. As such, I carefully set aside all questions of the quality off various manuscripts as far as their usefulness in recreating the original, that is the problem of an edition. I also set aside the questions of content and authorship. I am not interested in who Suetonius was, how accurate was his work, or what were his sources. I am interested in anyone who has asked these questions, if they have, and why they asked them. I am also interested in how they used the text: for literary references, epigrams, moral exegesis, a study of the Roman empire. Also, how changes to text make it more useful to them. Thus, where those wishing to prepare an edition may set aside a manuscript as hopelessly conflated or filled with later accretions, this very manuscript can be very useful to me.Stephanie Tibbetts intended to do a larger project on the reception of Suetonius’ De vita Caesarum. The part most nearly completed was the catalog of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts. She travelled to numerous libraries in Europe and North America. Wherever she was unable to see a copy, I have attempted to flesh out her notes from online facsimiles and secondary sources. Other copies were identified in the course of my work on the catalog. These will not be the last found, especially when one adds those manuscripts containing excerpts from the text or fragments of damaged copies. -Thomas M. Izbicki, Swarthmore, March 15, 201
Letter from Thomas M. Cooley, II to Hayao (Sam) and Toshiko Chuman
No full textA letter from Thomas M. Cooley II, Director of the Alien Enemy Control Unit of the Department of Justice to Hayao (Sam) Chuman and Toshiko Chuman (nee Nakamura) acknowledging the receipt of a letter from them.The Chuman (Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko) Papers documents the World War II experiences of Hayao "Sam" and Toshiko Chuman, who were Kibei Nisei born in the United States but grew up and completed school in Japan, and then returned to the U.S. prior to the war. It chronicles the Chuman's incarceration from the Santa Anita Assembly Center, through Jerome, Rohwer, Tule Lake camps, and the Santa Fe and Crystal City internment camps as well as their struggle for restoring their U.S. citizenships in the 1960s. The digital collection consists of mostly textual material, including correspondence, affidavits, incarceration camp records, lease agreements, financial documents, receipts, pamphlets, and booklets
Early Risk, Attention, and Brain Activation in Adolescents Born Preterm
No full textThe relations among early cumulative medical risk, cumulative environmental risk, attentional control, and brain activation were assessed in 15 – 16-year-old adolescents who were born preterm. Functional magnetic resonance imaging found frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex activation during an attention task with greater activation of the left superior-temporal and left supramarginal gyri associated with better performance. Individual differences in early cumulative risk are related to patterns of brain activation such that medical risk is related to left parietal cortex activation and environmental risk is related to temporal lobe activation. The findings suggest that early risk is related to less mature patterns of brain activation, including reduced efficiency of processing and responding to stimuli.This is the accepted version of the following article: Carmody, D. P., Bendersky, M., Dunn, S. M., DeMarco, J. K., Hegyi, T., Hiatt, M. and Lewis, M. (2006), Early Risk, Attention, and Brain Activation in Adolescents Born Preterm. Child Development, 77: 384–394, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00877.x/abstract.Peer reviewe
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