415 research outputs found
Pseudospongosorites McCormack & Kelly 2002, n. g.
No full textGenus <i>Pseudospongosorites</i> n. g. <p> <i>Diagnosis</i></p> <p>Massive amorphous, globular, irregularly spherical Suberitidae; surface mammillate, anged dorsally, smooth, waxy, corky to the touch, with papillate or raised membranous oscules; texture barely compressible; colour in life greyish green, tan to bright orange; megascleres oxeas in two size classes, slightly curved, occasionally centrotylote; skeleton consists of broad irregular swaths of oxeas, irregularly anastomosing, diverging towards ectosome which is compressed. The ectosomal spiculation is erect to slightly fanned tufts of oxeas. One species occurs in association with a hermit crab and its gastropod shell home. Reproduction by gemmulation.</p> <p> <i>Holotype</i></p> <p> <i>Spongosorites suberitoides</i> Diaz, Pomponi and van Soest, 1993: 299, gures 28, 34. USNM 32441, North Carolina.</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i></p> <p>The genus name re ects the taxonomic history of the sponge, and the di culty we have had in the assessment of the phylogenetic a nity of the sponge.</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i></p> <p> We consider that <i>Pseudospongosorite s</i> <i>suberitoides</i> (Diaz <i>et al</i>.) has a greater a nity to suberitid sponges in the Hadromerida than to representatives of the Halichondrida, but that it should remain <i>incertae sedis</i> in the Suberitidae until the phylogeny of Halichondrida with respect to the Hadromerida is fully resolved. Finally, we urge caution in proposing changes to the taxonomic classi cation of the Halichondrida with respect to the Hadromerida (see Chombard and Boury-Esnault, 1999). Considerably more sequence data from 28S rRNA and possibly 18S rRNA genes is required, from a greater range of representative taxa, before a nal picture of the groups as a whole emerge.</p>Published as part of <i>McCormack, Grace P. & Kelly, Michelle, 2002, New indications of the phylogenetic a nity of Spongosorites suberitoides Diaz et al., 1993 (Porifera, Demospongiae) as revealed by 28 S ribosomal DNA, pp. 1009-1021 in Journal of Natural History 36 (9)</i> on page 1019, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110040394, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5301224">http://zenodo.org/record/5301224</a>
New indications of the phylogenetic anity of Spongosorites suberitoides Diaz et al., 1993 (Porifera, Demospongiae) as revealed by 28S ribosomal DNA
No full textMcCormack, Grace P., Kelly, Michelle (2002): New indications of the phylogenetic anity of Spongosorites suberitoides Diaz et al., 1993 (Porifera, Demospongiae) as revealed by 28S ribosomal DNA. Journal of Natural History 36 (9): 1009-1021, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110040394, URL: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0022293011004039
FIG. 1 in New indications of the phylogenetic anity of Spongosorites suberitoides Diaz et al., 1993 (Porifera, Demospongiae) as revealed by 28S ribosomal DNA
No full textFIG. 1. Strict consensus tree of two most parsimonious topologies. Numbers above the branches represent bootstrap support for the various clades with 1000 iterations under maximum parsimony, numbers below the branches are bootstrap support from 1000 iterations under distance matrix (and 100 iterations under maximum likelihood).Published as part of McCormack, Grace P. & Kelly, Michelle, 2002, New indications of the phylogenetic anity of Spongosorites suberitoides Diaz et al., 1993 (Porifera, Demospongiae) as revealed by 28S ribosomal DNA, pp. 1009-1021 in Journal of Natural History 36 (9) on page 1016, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110040394, http://zenodo.org/record/530122
Adontorhina keegani Barry & McCormack, new species
No full textAdontorhina keegani Barry & McCormack, new species (Figures 1–3) Type locality. Porcupine Bank, 53 ° 29.9 ’N, 13 ° 59.9 ’W, 300 m Eastern Atlantic. Holotype. A complete shell, collected by P.J. Barry (10 / 11 /03), NMINH. 2006.57 Measurements (Length x height x breadth) 0.94 mm x 0.7 mm x 0.38 mm. Paratypes. Three complete shells, as holotype, NMINH.2006.64.1– 4. Measurements 0.6 mm x 0.42 mm x 0.3 mm; 0.73 mm x 0.55 mm x 0.35; 0.68 mm x 0.49 mm x 0.33 mm. Two paratypes prepared for electron microscopy, NMINH. 2006.65. Measurements 0.92 mm x 0.7 mm x 0.37 mm. NMW.Z. 2007.008. Measurements 0.98 mm x 0.76mm x 0.5 mm. Etymology. Named after Professor Brendan F. Keegan in recognition of his contribution to marine science studies in Ireland over many years. Material examined. CEO 3 Station 8 52 ° 59.9 ’N, 13 ° 59.9 ’W, 191.6 m, 4 specimens; CEO 3 Station 0 9, 53° 29.9 ’N, 13 ° 59.9 ’W, 300 m, 3 specimens; CEO 4 Station 0 5, 52° 59.9 ’N, 12 ° 44.9 ’W, 789 m, 8 specimens. Distribution. Found in muddy sand on the Porcupine Bank, West of Ireland, on either side of the highest point of the bank. Depth range 300 – 789 m. Shell description. Shell minute, maximum length to 0.98mm, fragile, compressed; elongate oval, length / height ratio of 1.2-1.36; inequilateral, anterior end longer; anterodorsal margin straight initially, rising above the horizontal plane before descending into broadly rounded anterior; ventral margin weakly curved until intersected by the weak posterior sulcus; umbones small, sunken, orthogyrate; prodissoconch I approximately 130 µm in diameter; lunule obscure, with raised commissure; escutcheon obscure; periostracum thin, lightly straw coloured; surface smooth near the umbones, thickened commarginal striae towards the margins, radial striae few, confined to the posterior (Figure 1 A); colour white, transparent in juveniles; ligament mostly internal, on a sunken plate, one third the length of the dorsal margin; hinge plate composed of two sections (Figure 1 E), anterior section thinner than posterior section. Irregular granules visible in both valves, anterior and posterior to the beak; directly below the beak, hinge plate is not visible. Internal anatomy. Both adductor muscles are relatively large, the posterior muscle is rounded but with a tapered ventral end; both muscles are divided into quick and catch areas (Figure 2); anterior muscle much larger than the posterior. There is a single point of mantle fusion to form the posterior exhalent aperture. The mantle is thin, and contains a small glandular area below the anterior adductor muscle; inner mantle fold not expanded, with a small cluster of gland cells overlain by a thin layer of radial muscle; rejection tract wide and shallow; middle and outer mantle folds very short, forming a shallow periostracal groove. Each gill has a single demibranch, comprised of seven to eight filaments; gill filaments type 2 (Dufour, 2005); filaments short but laterally expanded with well developed filamentar muscles; latero-frontal cilia well developed; interfilamentar junctions occur. Labial palps small, positioned near the end of the proximal oral groove; groove very long, wide. Oesophagus short, descending into a small stomach. Hindgut loops very high before descending along the posterior margin, through the pericardium, becoming markedly widened as it descends down to the posterior adductor muscle. The lateral pouch is very small (in contrast to most other thyasirids); just visible underneath the anterior end of the gill filaments with one marked indentation in its surface; pouch unlobed, not divided. Digestive gland and kidney large (consistent with the other species in the Thyasiridae). Foot short and well ciliated, the cilia extending back over the heel; tip of the foot very narrow and pointed; heel very well developed as are the pedal retractor muscles; heel large, extending very far down into the mantle cavity; heel sagittally grooved; pedal retractor muscles well developed. Differential diagnosis. The distinctive biangulate posterior shell margin separates Adontorhina keegani from other Adontorhina species. Also, A. keegani is markedly smaller than other species of Adontorhina which are usually 1.5 to 3 mm in diameter (Scott, 1986). The internal anatomy appears reduced compared to other Adontorhina species, with few gill filaments to each demibranch and small lateral pouches. The hindgut of A. keegani is greatly expanded in comparison with most other thaysirid species. Further features which separate A. keegani from other Adontorhina species can be found in Table 1. Remarks. Hydroids were found growing on the valves of living specimens of A. keegani (Figure 3). Only one specimen out of fifteen was recorded as being free of epifauna. Most of the specimens had a disproportionate grouping of hydroids on the posterodorsal margin. The hydroids on the posterior were always the largest and in some cases, grew to double the length of the shell they were attached to. Smaller hydroids were observed on the ventral and anterior margins. The occurrence of this epifauna was limited to the vertical axis of the shell, present only where the margins meet. Adontorhina Adontorhina Adontorhina Adontorhina Adontorhina cyclia sphaericosa lynnae keegani similisPublished as part of Barry, Peter J. & Mccormack, Grace P., 2007, Two new species of Adontorhina Berry, 1947 (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) from the Porcupine Bank, off the west coast of Ireland, pp. 37-49 in Zootaxa 1526 on pages 39-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17753
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Adontorhina Berry, 1947 (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) from the Porcupine Bank, off the west coast of Ireland
No full textFIGURE 1. Exterior (A) and interior view (B) of the valves of Adontorhina keegani (NMINH.2006.65). Scale bar = 500 µm. (C) Dorsal view and oblique view (D) of Adontorhina keegani (NMW.Z.2007.008). Scale bar = 500 µm. (E) Hinge of Adontorhina keegani. Scale bar = 300 µm. (F) Close up of hinge of A. keegani. Scale bar = 100 µm.Published as part of Barry, Peter J. & Mccormack, Grace P., 2007, Two new species of Adontorhina Berry, 1947 (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) from the Porcupine Bank, off the west coast of Ireland, pp. 37-49 in Zootaxa 1526 on page 40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17753
Adontorhina similis Barry & McCormack, new species
No full textAdontorhina similis, Barry & McCormack, new species (Figures 4–5) Mendicula pygmaea Oliver & Killeen (2002, p. 56–58, plate 23) Thyasira subtrigona Hartley (1984, p. 192) Type locality. Porcupine Bank, 53 °07.77’N, 13 ° 13.37 ’W, 252 m Eastern Atlantic. Holotype. A complete shell, collected by P.J. Barry, NMINH. 2006.58. Measurements (Length x height x breadth). 1.14 mm x 0.78 mm x 0.62 mm. Paratypes. Three specimens, as holotype, NMINH.2006.64.1– 2. Measurements 1.25 mm x 0.94 mm x 0.6mm; 1.17 mm x 0.91 mm x 0.6 mm; 0.91 x 0.69 x 0.44 mm. Etymology. From the Latin similis, ‘similar,’ referring to the high degree of similarity in external appearance to Mendicula pygmaea. Material examined. CEO 3, Station GT, 54 ° N, 12 ° 24 ’W, 320 m 2 spec.; CEO 3 Station 9, 52° 30 ’N, 14 °W, 300 m 11 spec.; SFO 3 Grab 7, 53°07.77’N, 13 ° 13.37 ’W 252 m 6 spec.; SFO 3 Grab 8, 53°07.77’N, 13 ° 13.37 ’W 252 m 5 spec.; SFO 3 Grab 15, 52° 52.42 ’N, 12 ° 26.52 ’W 382 m 8 spec.; SFO 3 Grab 17, 52° 38.77 ’N, 12 ° 11.08 ’W 330 m 4 spec.; NMWZ. 2001.097, ERT 92 /082A 60 ° 36 ’N, 01° 39 ’E 130–145 m 200 spec.; Distribution. Porcupine Bank, west of Ireland. Depth range 252– 382 m. North Sea oilfields. Depth range 85–161 m (Oliver & Killeen, 2002). Description. Shell minute (maximum size 2 mm), fragile, moderately compressed, colour white; subovate, longer than high (Figure 4); inequilateral, beaks in posterior; very thin, transparent periostracum; sculpture of weak commarginal striae; sulcus absent, posterior flank flattened; umbones inflated, pronounced, prosogyrate; prodissoconch I approximately 150 µm in diameter; lunule indistinct; escutcheon obscure; anterodorsal margin weakly curved, straight in some specimens, anterior broadly rounded; posterior markedly angulate; posterodorsal margin straight, sloping; hinge plate thin, divided into two sections, anterior section thicker, both with irregular granules (Figure 4 C–D, F–H); small cardinal tubercle in the right valve with a corresponding depression in the left valve. Internal anatomy. The anterior adductor muscle is larger than the posterior muscle (Figure 5); both muscles are divided into quick and catch areas; anterior muscle is elongate, while the posterior is round. Single point of mantle fusion occurs beneath the gill axis, forming the posterior aperture; mantle folds thin and extended, particularly the middle fold which is filled with glandular tissue; all mantle folds have a small area of concentric muscle within their tips; centre of the mantle edge has a single strand of radial muscle but is otherwise filled with a large blood space; inner mantle is fold compressed, with a poorly defined rejection tract; on the inner surface of the mantle edge between the inner and middle folds, the area has small underdeveloped lobes or folds; periostracal groove deep. There is no region of glandular tissue underneath the anterior adductor muscle. Each gill has a single demibranch comprised of ten to eleven filaments; ascending lamellae three quarters the length of the descending lamellae; filaments thin with well-developed eu-laterofrontal cilia; gill filaments type 2 (Dufour, 2005); where interfilamentar fusion occurs, the abfrontal areas and blood space remains wide and forms a strong connection; filamentar muscles absent. Labial palps relatively large, triangular. Oesophagus thickened, leading into a very large stomach. Hindgut loops above the stomach and descends around the outside of the posterior adductor muscle. Lateral pouches undivided, unlobed and end in a pointed tip ventrally; there are two tubules leading into the pouches. Kidneys paired, small. Foot short with a well developed heel; ventral portion of the heel contains glandular tissue which continues out to the tip of the foot; heel sagittally grooved; tip of the foot is undifferentiated from the heavily ciliated stem. Differential diagnosis. The sharp angle created by the posterior shell margin in combination with the flattened posterior flank differentiates Adontorhina similis from other Adontorhina species. A. similis is similar to Adontorhina lynnae Valentich Scott, 2000; however, A. lynnae has larger, prominent umbones and a more densely granulated hingeplate. Internally, A. lynnae differs in having almost double the number of gill filaments in each demibranch and the labial palps are far more reduced than those in A. similis. The lateral pouches are larger and develop lobes on the posterior surface while the lateral pouches of A. similis are relatively smooth and simple. Further features which separate A. similis from other species of Adontorhina can be found in Table 1. Remarks. Oliver & Killeen (2002) were the first to recognise the irregular granules in this species but declined to erect a new species. Specimens of Mendicula pygmaea Verrill & Bush, 1898, from the east coast of America were not available for them to examine. Examination of the holotype of M. pygmaea (Figure 6) and fresh material from the northwest Atlantic for the present study confirmed the lack of teeth in M. pygmaea (Figure 7). However, the European specimens, previously identified as M. pygmaea, have irregular granules on the hinge plate (Figure 4 C–D, F–H), a feature which precludes inclusion in Mendicula. Furthermore, examination of the internal anatomy has shown additional differences between these species. The adductor muscles of M. pygmaea are smaller than those in A. similis as are the lateral pouches. The foot of M. pygmaea does not contain as well-developed a heel as that of A. similis. M. pygmaea from the northwest Atlantic remains a valid species, however, the European form can no longer be recognised as M. pygmaea and is here described as Adontorhina similis. Oliver & Killeen (2002) reported that specimens which had previously been recorded as Thyasira subtrigona Jeffreys, 1858, by Hartley (1984) were actually specimens of A. similis (although Oliver & Killeen listed them as Mendicula pygmaea). The type specimen of Thyasira subtrigona was destroyed (Jeffreys, 1864) and has been considered a nomen dubium by van Aartsen & Carrozza (1997). Other authors have recognized T. subtrigona as a member of the superfamily Galeommatoidea (Bowden & Heppell, 1968; Oliver & Killeen, 2002).Published as part of Barry, Peter J. & Mccormack, Grace P., 2007, Two new species of Adontorhina Berry, 1947 (Bivalvia: Thyasiridae) from the Porcupine Bank, off the west coast of Ireland, pp. 37-49 in Zootaxa 1526 on pages 42-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17753
Hymeraphia vaceleti Morrow & Allcock & Mccormack 2018, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Hymeraphia vaceleti</i> sp. nov. Morrow <p>(Figure 3 a–b)</p> <p> <b>Material examined:</b> The holotype of <i>Hymeraphia vaceleti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (BELUM Mc2018.1) was collected during cruise CE13008, R.V. <i>Celtic Explorer</i> using the ROV <i>Holland I</i>, southwest off Ireland, 48.583, -10.46, 14/06/2013, 1541 m depth.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> <i>Hymeraphia</i> with markedly bent acanthostyles with a large crown of stellate spines at their distal end.</p> <p> Holotype description: Thin encrustation measuring 8mm x 5 mm x 1.5 mm, growing on dead <i>Desmophyllum pertusum</i> (Linnaeus, 1758). Long tylostyles project through surface giving hispid appearance. Consistency soft and compressible. Colour white in ethanol.</p> <p>Skeleton: Choanosomal skeleton with hymedesmoid arrangement consisting of a basal membrane attached to substratum, bases of echinating acanthostyles and long tylostyles embedded in membrane and arranged perpendicular to it. Long tylostyles protrude a long way through ectosome, surrounded by bouquets of very fine hair-like, ectosomal styles.</p> <p> Spicules: Tylostyles are long and thin, gently curving and tapering to a fine point, with an asymmetric base, occasionally base is subtylote (125– <i>690</i> – 2000 x 7– <i>10</i> –12 µm n=3). Echinating acanthostyles have a markedly bent, slightly inflated smooth base, base frequently subtylote. Distal ends of acanthostyles have a large stellate crown composed of approximately 16 spines (acanthostyle length = 57– <i>69</i> –83 µm; base = 7– <i>10</i> –12.5 µm; crown = 12– <i>29</i> –45 µm n =20). Ectosomal styles, very fine and hair-like (340– <i>415</i> –460 µm x 1–2 µm n=20). See Fig. 2 for spicule morphology and Table 2 for spicule dimensions.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> The specific epithet <i>vaceleti</i> is given in honour of our dear friend and colleague, Dr. Jean Vacelet, for the friendship and encouragement he has consistently shown and for his overwhelming contribution to sponge science.</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> <i>Hymeraphia vaceleti</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from other species of <i>Hymeraphia</i> by the distinctive acanthostyles which are shorter than those of the other congeners and have a much larger stellate crown of spines. The shaft of the acanthostyle is markedly bent just above the tylote base (Table 1).</p>Published as part of <i>Morrow, Christine, Allcock, Louise A. & Mccormack, Grace, 2018, A new species of Hymeraphia Bowerbank, 1864 (Axinellida: Raspailiidae) from a deep-water canyon southwest off Ireland, pp. 61-68 in Zootaxa 4466 (1)</i> on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1442108">http://zenodo.org/record/1442108</a>
Suberitidae Schmidt 1870
No full textFamilySUBERITIDAE Schmidt <p> <i>Diagnosis (emended)</i></p> <p>Massive, pedunculate or cup-shaped Hadromerida, frequently with membranous raised oscules, texture corky or waxy to the touch, typically displaying a range of coloration from cream to yellow, bright orange or red, frequently also green and blue. Megascleres are tylostyles and subtylostyles in two to three size categories, strongyloxea in one to two size categories, and occasionally oxea which may be centrotylote. Microscleres are absent. Megasclere architecture usually semi-radial with loosely structured anastomosing loose tracts of megascleres, almost always radial at the sponge surface where the ectosome is raised in vertical to fanning brushes of small megascleres, or strictly radiating from the base of the sponge. Reproduction is oviparous, some species gemmulate, one genus forms an association with hermit crabs.</p>Published as part of <i>McCormack, Grace P. & Kelly, Michelle, 2002, New indications of the phylogenetic a nity of Spongosorites suberitoides Diaz et al., 1993 (Porifera, Demospongiae) as revealed by 28 S ribosomal DNA, pp. 1009-1021 in Journal of Natural History 36 (9)</i> on page 1018, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110040394, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5301224">http://zenodo.org/record/5301224</a>
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