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Myristica pushpangadaniana Govind, nom. nov.
No full textMyristica pushpangadaniana Govind & M.Dan, nom. nov. (Figs 2, 3) Type:— INDIA. Tamil Nadu: Thirunelveli, 1976, Kostermans 26276 (holotype: L, online image!; isotype: K!) Replaced name: M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa W.J.deWilde, non Myristica sphaerocarpa Wallich (1830: 79) Evergreen, dioecious trees, 20–35 m tall, branching usually whorled, main trunk 90–120 cm in diameter; bark rough, brown; exudate orange-red, viscous. Leaves alternate, petiolate; petiole 3.5–4.2 cm long, round to shallowly grooved, glabrous; lamina 8–10 × 4–6 cm, broadly lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, margin undulate, base rounded, adaxially dark green, gland-dotted, abaxially glaucous, glabrous; midvein prominent, lateral veins not prominent, 8- 13 paired. Male inflorescence 2–3-flowered, axillary umbel; peduncle erect, 2 cm long, cylindrical, scurfy tomentose. Flowers caducous, urceolate, longer than broad, 4.1-4.3 × 2.3–3.0 mm, brownish yellow, pedicellate; pedicel 7–10 mm long, pubescent; bracteole 2.1–3.0 × 2.2–3.1 mm, ovate, acute at apex, appressed to the base of male flower, dorsally convex, brownish yellow, densely pubescent outside, persistent. Perianth trilobed, equal, acute, curved outward, brownish yellow, densely pubescent outside; staminal column 3–5 mm long, cylindrical, pilose up to anthers from base; anthers 12–13. Female inflorescence 2-flowered, axillary umbel; peduncle erect, 3 mm long, cylindrical, puberulous; flowers urceolate, 4.2–6.1 × 4.0–5.0 mm, yellow, persistent, pedicellate; pedicel up to 5 mm long, pubescent; perianth trilobed, equal, acute, curved outward, scabrid outside; stigma bilobed; ovary ovate, 2–3 mm, densely tomentose. Fruits usually solitary, rarely in pairs, dehiscent, 2.5–4.0 × 3.5–5.0 cm, subglobose to globose, brown, apex obtuse, base round, longitudinal suture on both sides, scurfy pubescent; rind 7–10 mm thick, brown; seed 2.0–3.6 × 2.5–4.0 cm, oblong, black, arillate; aril partially covering seed, yellow turning orange-red, lacerate. Distribution:— Endemic to the southern Western Ghats at 900-1100 m. Phenology:— Flowering August–November, fruiting March–June. Etymology:— Named in honour of Padma Shri Dr. P. Pushpangadan, former Director of JNTBGRI, Palode and CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, India, a renowned Indian ethnobotanist. Notes:— Based on detailed morphological evaluation and comparison with M. beddomei, this subspecies differs in key characters, smaller leaves (7–10 × 3–5.5 cm), fewer lateral veins (8–13 pairs), more anthers (13), globose fruits and seeds partially covered by aril (Figs 2, 3, 4; Table 1). The chemical profile of essential oils isolated from rind, aril, seed and leaf of M. beddomei subsp. beddomei and M. beddomei subsp. ustulata was found to be similar, whereas that of M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa was different. In M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa , monoterpenes, phenyl propanoids and aliphatic hydrocarbons were absent in the leaf and seed essential oil, whereas these compounds were present in M. beddomei subsp. beddomei and M. beddomei subsp. ustulata. In the rind essential oil of M. beddomei subsp. beddomei and M. beddomei subsp. ustulata , E-caryophyellene and α-terpineol were the major compounds, whereas in M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa, E-nerolidol and linalool were the major compounds. Likewise, in the arils of M beddomei subsp. beddomei and M. beddomei subsp. ustulata , α-humulene was the major compound followed by trans-α-bergamotene, to the contrary, E-caryophyellene and αhumulene were the major compounds in M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa giving it a distinct chemical profile. The dissimilarities of chemical profile in M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa combined with the morphological differences are supporting evidence for its elevation to species level. Petiole cross sections of M. beddomei subsp. beddomei and M. beddomei subsp. ustulata were grooved and glabrous. That of M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa was round to shallowly grooved and had epidermal trichomes. Five vascular bundles were observed in M. beddomei subsp. beddomei and M. beddomei subsp. ustulata , two at adaxial side, one at abaxial side and one each on each side. A lunar type of arrangement of phloem patches occurs in the pith region. The anatomical features of the petiole of M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa were found different from the other two subspecies. The petiole was almost circular in outline with shallow groove. Three vascular bundles are enclosed in separate sclerenchyma patches, one large in the pith region and a small vascular bundle on each side. The anatomical characters in the petiole of M. beddomei ssp. spherocarpa are distinct from that of M. beddomei ssp. beddomei and ssp. ustulata (Fig. 5). Other specimens examined:— INDIA. Near Agasthyarkoodam, Thirunelveli district, May 2019, Govind 91047 (TBGT). Kerala: Chemunji hills, Bonaccadu, Thiruvananthapuram, Apr 2019, Govind 91046 (TBGT).Published as part of Govind, Murugan Govindakurup & Dan, Mathew, 2022, Status of the subspecies of Myristica beddomei (Myristicaceae), endemic to the Western Ghats, India, pp. 261-269 in Phytotaxa 541 (3) on pages 262-263, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/639264
Myristica pushpangadaniana M. G. Govind & Dan 2022
No full text<p> <i>Myristica pushpangadaniana</i> M.G.Govind & Dan in Kottaim., <i>nom. nov.</i></p> <p> Replaced name: <i>Myristica beddomei</i> King (1891: 291) subsp. <i>sphaerocarpa</i> W.J. de Wilde (1997: 152).</p> <p> <i>Myristica pushpangadaniana</i> M.G. Govind & Dan (2022: 262), <i>nom. inval.</i></p> <p> Type:— INDIA. Tamil Nadu, Tinnevely District (now Tirunelveli), 11 Jul 1976, 1110 m, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats, Walaiyar Cardamom estate, <i>Kostermans 26276a</i> (holotype: L, digital image with barcode L0037563!; isotype: K, digital image with barcode K000880916!; US, digital image with barcode US00516998!).</p> <p>Distribution: — INDIA (Karnataka, Kerala & Tamil Nadu), Endemic.</p>Published as part of <i>Kottaimuthu, Ramalingam, 2023, Validation of Myristica pushpangadaniana (Myristicaceae), pp. 133-134 in Phytotaxa 584 (2)</i> on page 133, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.584.2.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7639441">http://zenodo.org/record/7639441</a>
Ghurye, Govind Sadashiv (1893-1983)
No full textGovind Sadashiv Ghurye is often called the “father of Indian sociology.” As head of the
leading department of sociology in India for over three decades (the Department of
Sociology at Bombay University), as the founder of the Indian Sociological Society, and as the editor of the Sociological Bulletin, he played a key role in the institutionalization and professionalization of sociology and anthropology in India. Although Ghurye’s cultural–historical approach was soon superseded by the structural–functionalist paradigm promoted by his former student M. N. Srinivas, he left an indelible mark on the theory and practice of social anthropology and sociology in India
Myristica beddomei King 1891
No full textMyristica beddomei King (1891: 291). (Fig. 1) Type:— INDIA. Karnataka, 20 Nov 1882, Talbot s.n. (holotype: K000880079, online image K!). Heterotypic synonym: Myristica beddomei subsp. ustulata de Wilde (Fig. 1). Type:— INDIA. Tamil Nadu: Anamalais, 29 Oct 1974, Kostermans 25825 (holotype: L, online image!; isotypes: K, BM, online images!). Evergreen, dioecious trees, 20–35 m tall, branching usually whorled, main trunk 90–120cm in diameter; bark rough, brown; exudate orange-red, viscous. Leaves alternate, petiolate; petiole 3.5–4.2 cm long, deeply grooved, glabrous; lamina 15–20 × 6–10 cm, broadly lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate, margin undulate, base rounded, adaxially dark green, gland-dotted, abaxially glaucous, glabrous; midvein prominent, lateral veins adaxially prominent, 16-20 paired. Male inflorescence 3–4-flowered, axillary umbel; peduncle erect, 2 cm long, cylindrical, scurfy tomentose; flowers caducous, urceolate, 3.1–4.3 × 2.3–3.0 mm, brownish yellow, pedicellate; pedicel 7–10 mm long, pubescent; bracteole 2.1–3.0 × 2.2–3.1 mm, ovate, acute at apex, appressed to the base of male flower, dorsally convex, brownish yellow, densely pubescent outside, persistent; perianth trilobed, equal, acute, curved outward, brownish yellow, densely pubescent outside; staminal column 3–5 mm long, cylindrical, pilose up to anthers from base; anthers 9–10. Female inflorescence 2–3-flowered, axillary umbel; peduncle erect, 3 mm long, stout, cylindrical, puberulous; flowers urceolate, 4.2–6.1 × 4.0–5.0 mm, yellow, persistent, pedicellate; pedicel up to 5 mm long, pubescent; perianth trilobed, equal, acute, re-curved outward, scabrid outside; stigma short, bilobed; ovary ovate, 2–3 mm, densely tomentose. Fruits usually solitary, rarely in pairs, dehiscent, 4.0–6.0 × 3.5–4.0 cm, ovoid to subovoid, brown, apex obtuse, base round, longitudinal suture on both sides, scurfy pubescent; rind 7–10 mm thick, brown; seed 3.0–4.5 × 2.5–4.0 cm, oblong, black; arillate, aril completely covering seed, yellow turning orange-red, lacerate. Distribution:— Endemic to the southern Western Ghats at 700–1100 m. Phenology:— Flowering September–November and fruiting July–August. Notes:— Based on extensive field studies and detailed morphological studies on live specimens from type localities, it was clear that the key characters used by De Wilde to delimit M. beddomei subsp. ustulata from M. beddomei subsp. beddomei viz. 3–4 mm thick dry pericarp; 0.3–0.5 mm long, blackish brown hairs on male flowers and persistent bracteole could not be demonstrated. De Wilde did not describe female flowers of M. beddomei subsp. ustulata in the protologue. In this study, features of the female flowers of M. beddomei subsp. beddomei and M. beddomei subsp. ustulata were identical. Other specimens examined:— INDIA. Kudermukh, Aug 2018, Govind 93694 (TBGT); Tamil Nadu, Courtallum hills, 1873, Beddome s.n. (K, K000880077, online image); Thirunelveli, Kostermans s.n. (K000880916, online image K);Thirunelveli, Beddome s.n. (BM000950851, online image BM); Kothayar, KMTR,Anamali Hills, Feb 2019, Govind 93647 (TBGT); Malakkapara-Valpaarai, Feb 2018, Govind 91042 (TBGT); Kerala, Kurichiyarmala, Wayanadu, Jan 2019, Govind 93644 (TBGT); Pooncholamala, Wayanadu, March 2019, Govind 93690 (TBGT); Kothayar, KMTR, Anamali hills, Mar 2019, Govind 91044 (TBGT); Thirunelveli, Mar 2019, Govind & Anto 91045 (TBGT).Published as part of Govind, Murugan Govindakurup & Dan, Mathew, 2022, Status of the subspecies of Myristica beddomei (Myristicaceae), endemic to the Western Ghats, India, pp. 261-269 in Phytotaxa 541 (3) on pages 261-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/639264
FIGURE 6 in Status of the subspecies of Myristica beddomei (Myristicaceae), endemic to the Western Ghats, India
No full textFIGURE 6. Distribution of Myristica beddomei and its subspecies. MBB = M. beddomei subsp. beddomei. MBU = M. beddomei subsp. ustulate. MBS = M. beddomei subsp. spherocarpa.Published as part of Govind, Murugan Govindakurup & Dan, Mathew, 2022, Status of the subspecies of Myristica beddomei (Myristicaceae), endemic to the Western Ghats, India, pp. 261-269 in Phytotaxa 541 (3) on page 268, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/639264
sj-pdf-1-srd-10.1177_23780231221082401 – Supplemental material for Race-Specific, State-Specific COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Adjusted for Age
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-srd-10.1177_23780231221082401 for Race-Specific, State-Specific COVID-19 Vaccination Rates Adjusted for Age by Elizabeth Wrigley-Field, Kaitlyn M. Berry and Govind Persad in Socius</p
A review of crop water productivity in the Mediterranean basin under a changing climate: Wheat and barley as test cases
No full textThe ever-increasing water demands in the agricultural sector of the Mediterranean basin region (MBR) under climate change warrants that crop water productivity (WP) is a pertinent topic for discussion. Considering this need, this study aims to synthesize the body of knowledge on WP focusing on the MBR. The study is based on two test cases: (1) wheat, because it is a basic staple food in high dietary demand in the region and (2) barley, because it is a climate-resilient alternative that is extensively cultivated in severe water- and salinity-stress conditions. These staple crops are strategically important for regional food security in the MBR, which covers southern Europe, North Africa and western Asia. The study tries to investigate the plausible reasons for yield and WP gaps in the region. Our meta-analysis revealed that wheat and barley are very different in their spatial distributions, productions and stress resiliencies in the MBR. Under the large gamut of biophysical and socio-economic constraints that affect crop production, it is observed that the northern and southern parts of the MBR have large capacity differences (institutional, infrastructural and technical) in cereal production. It is noted that the role of soil-water management in improving WP is vital and plays a critical role in closing yield gaps across the MBR. Moreover, the scaling of stress-tolerant varieties along with a package of agronomic practices can enhance WP, and thereby we can make the region adaptive to climate change, especially in terms of water stress. The literature revealed that the MBR, especially the southern parts encompassing North Africa and western Asia, critically lacks comprehensive experimental/observational evidence on the dynamics of field water balance. This knowledge is key to enhancing WP assessments using modelling approaches. The paper concludes that the MBR does have water-saving potential; it simply needs planned adaptation measures to enhance WP at the local and regional scales with effective benchmark studies in future
Myristica Gronovius 1755
No full textKey to Myristica species in India 1. Leaf 11 cm long, fruit ovoid, aril fully covering seed......................................................................................................................2 2. Aril red................................................................................................................................................................................................3 - Aril yellow..........................................................................................................................................................................................4 3. Seed globular/sub globular, seed apex round, aril spicy................................................................................................... M. fragrans - Seed ellipsoid, seed apex acute, aril not spicy............................................................................................................. M. andamanica 4. Fruit glabrous.................................................................................................................................................................. M. trobogarii - Fruit tomentose/scurfy pubescent.......................................................................................................................................................5 5. Anther number>11, leaf> 25 cm long.......................................................................................................................... M. magnifica - Anther number 12, fruits scurfy pubescent........................................................................................................... M. beddomeiPublished as part of Govind, Murugan Govindakurup & Dan, Mathew, 2022, Status of the subspecies of Myristica beddomei (Myristicaceae), endemic to the Western Ghats, India, pp. 261-269 in Phytotaxa 541 (3) on page 263, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/639264
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
Anti-Factor is FPT Parameterized by Treewidth and List Size (but Counting is Hard)
No full textIn the general AntiFactor problem, a graph is given with a set
of forbidden degrees for every vertex and the
task is to find a set of edges such that the degree of in is not in
the set . Standard techniques (dynamic programming + fast convolution) can
be used to show that if is the largest forbidden degree, then the problem
can be solved in time if a tree decomposition of width
is given. However, significantly faster algorithms are possible if the sets
are sparse: our main algorithmic result shows that if every vertex has at
most forbidden degrees (we call this special case AntiFactor), then the
problem can be solved in time . That is, the
AntiFactor is fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by treewidth and
the maximum number of excluded degrees.
Our algorithm uses the technique of representative sets, which can be
generalized to the optimization version, but (as expected) not to the counting
version of the problem. In fact, we show that #AntiFactor is already
#W[1]-hard parameterized by the width of the given decomposition. Moreover, we
show that, unlike for the decision version, the standard dynamic programming
algorithm is essentially optimal for the counting version. Formally, for a
fixed nonempty set , we denote by -AntiFactor the special case where
every vertex has the same set of forbidden degrees. We show the
following lower bound for every fixed set : if there is an such
that #-AntiFactor can be solved in time on a tree decomposition of width , then the Counting Strong
Exponential-Time Hypothesis (#SETH) fails.Comment: v2: Proof of Lemma 7.1 in Section 7.1 revised by adding more
intermediate steps, minor correction
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