1,721,052 research outputs found
Obesity (Silver Spring)
Full text linkR01 HL146625/HL/NHLBI NIH HHSUnited States/U48 DP006376/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States
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USDA School Breakfast and Lunch Programs: National Prevalence of Sodium and Saturated Fat Exposure and the Impacts of School Kitchen Infrastructure on School Meal Selection and Consumption
No full textSubsidized meals provided through the National School Breakfast and Lunch programs, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), provide nearly 30 million Federally subsidized lunches and 15 million Federally subsidized breakfasts to children each school day. These programs can play a significant role in overall childhood dietary quality, as students who participate in both the SBP and NSLP may consume as much as fifty percent or more of their daily calories at school. Because childhood is a critical time to set food preferences school meals are also powerful intervention points to promote healthy dietary patterns that can help lower diet-related disease posed by excess saturated fat, and sodium consumption and limited fresh fruit and vegetable intake across the life course.
The passage of the Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act (HHFKA) in 2010 provided USDA with the for first opportunity in 30 years to make significant nutrition reforms to the SBP and NSLP. Since its implementation in 2012, the HHFKA’s updated nutrition regulations have placed caps on the saturated fat content of school meals, detailed a phased decrease in sodium content, and mandated increased offerings of fruits and vegetables to students. These improved guidelines have not only been shown to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables, but also provide students with more nutritious meals than those typically brought from home.
Despite these documented improvements, many school districts nationally continue to struggle to fully realize the intended benefits of the nutrition regulations on student dietary quality, namely excess saturated fat and sodium intake coupled with vegetable consumption below recommended levels.
This dissertation employs three unique data sets collected by the author to investigate these issues. Chapter 1 utilizes a nationally representative sample of publicly available school menus from the 2018/19 school year to examine the daily prevalence of meal combinations that exceed USDA saturated fat and sodium guidelines. Chapter 2 utilizes direct observation plate waste data to examine differences in meal selection and consumption between students in schools serving pre-packaged meals and students who receive fresh meals prepared on-site in school kitchens. Lastly, Chapter 3 utilizes pre/post intervention plate waste data to examine the impacts on selection and consumption of a school kitchen renovation where students transitioned from being offered pre-packaged meals to meals prepared on-site halfway through the school year. Collectively, these works can help inform evidence-based continuous improvements to how we regulate and administer USDA school meal programs to best support child dietary health
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
N Engl J Med
Full text linkR01 DK115492/DK/NIDDK NIH HHSUnited States/R01 HL146625/HL/NHLBI NIH HHSUnited States/U48 DP006376/DP/NCCDPHP CDC HHSUnited States
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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