4,893 research outputs found
The liberal legacy of Mikhail Gorbachev
No full textThe passing of the last leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, marks the end of an impactful life with enormous significance for world history. Admired in the West and despised in Russia for drawing down the Iron Curtain, ending the Cold War and presiding over the disintegration of a super powerful state built by communist giants Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, Gorbachev leaves behind a complex legacy with implications for the future
Genèse de la popularité de Vladimir Poutine
No full textGenesis of Vladimir Putin’s popularity.
Starting with Crimea annexation by Russia, one witnesses a soaring support of the Russian population for President Putin. In order to explain this massive and enthusiastic allegiance to Vladimir Putin, one must explore what happened during Perestroika and Boris Yeltsin’s presidency. The author shows that both Perestroika and Yeltsin's rule were two different “ revolutions from above ” : the first one, that of Mikhail Gorbachev, was a democratic revolution supported by the progressive part of intelligentsia and (for quite different reasons) by a part of young Party and Komsomol functionaries ; the second one, that of Boris Yeltsin, was a liberal revolution imposed by new business elites and actively supported by Western liberals. Both revolutions had no longlasting support by general population, which remained unreformed and deeply “ sovietˮ. One should always keep in mind that during Yeltsin’s presidency State Duma was continuously dominated by communists . In fact , it was very smart Putin's tactics, to get support from the majority of unreformed population rather than from elites. Skilfully, Putin used a mix of nationalist and communist rhetoric (Soviet nostalgia plus imperialist values which remained intact since the end of Soviet era ) but without real nationalists or communists. During Boris Yeltsin’s reelection campaign in 1996, communists have been vilified, and could never recover from this denigration campaign, paving thus the way to Putin’s triumph.Ackerman Galia. Genèse de la popularité de Vladimir Poutine. In: Revue Russe n°45, 2015. Les années Eltsine. pp. 51-62
Civp Spectroscopy Of Pyridinium Ions: Surprising Perturbation By Tag Molecules
Get PDFIn cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy, the tag's influence on the spectrum is an important consideration. Whereas for small ions, several studies show that the tag effects can be significant, these effects are less understood for large ions, or for large numbers of tags. Nevertheless, common assumptions are that i) if the investigated molecular ion is large enough, the perturbations arising from the tag are small, and ii) the more weakly bound the tag is, the less it perturbs the CIVP spectrum. Under these assumptions, CIVP spectra effectively represent infrared (IR) absorption spectra of the free molecular ion. \newline
In the Chen group, we have recently started studying IR spectra of large ions in the gas phase.[1] To understand the complicated IR fingerprints of those systems, we employ several theoretical methods. Density functional theory is a common tool for calculating IR spectra. An alternative approach is to calculate the IR spectrum by the Fourier transform of the dipole moment autocorrelation function from a classical trajectory,[2] e.g., from Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD). In contrast to the harmonic approximation, BOMD includes vibrational couplings and conformational sampling at a given temperature. Having observed unexpected splittings in otherwise unproblematic CIVP spectra of some tagged ions, we calculated IR spectra by BOMD simulations with the semi-empirical GFN-xTB methods.[3,4] Our simulations indicate that mobility among the more weakly bound tags leads to the surprise splittings. We compared the behavior of two tags commonly used in CIVP spectroscopy (H and N) with a large pyridinium cation. Our experimental results surprisingly show that the more weakly bound tag can, under the appropriate circumstances, perturb the CIVP spectra more than the more strongly bound tag, by not just shifting, but also splitting the observed bands.
References: \newline
[1] A. Tsybizova, L. Fritsche, V. Gorbachev, L. Miloglyadova, and P. Chen, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 234304 (2019).\newline
[2] D.W. Noid, M.L. Koszykowski, and R.A. Marcus, The Journal of Chemical Physics 67, 404 (1977).\newline
[3] S. Grimme, C. Bannwarth, and P. Shushkov, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 13, 1989 (2017).\newline
[4] C. Bannwarth, S. Ehlert, and S. Grimme, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 15, 1652 (2019).Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-24T21:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Are command economies unstable? Why did the Soviet economy collapse?
Get PDFThe collapse of the Soviet economy at the end of the 1980s is ascribed to command failure. The likely sources of command failure and economic collapse in the Soviet case are analysed in terms of the payoffs to a dictator who controls the level of coercion and producers who control the level of effort. This approach is used to frame an analytical narrative of the evolution of the Soviet system under Brezhnev and Gorbachev
Life and work of academician Vladimir Bayer
Get PDFAkademik Vladimir Bayer, učenik gimnazije u Osijeku, redoviti profesor na katedri Kazneni postupak Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i redoviti član JAZU-a, od 1986. jedan je od najistaknutijih i najcjenjenijih hrvatskih pravnika. Autor je brojnih zanstvenih i stručih radova iz procesnog i materijalnog kaznenog prava, povijesti kaznenog prava, penologije i pravne nastave. Znatan dio njegova znanstvenog djela ugrađen je u zakonske propise. Zastupa ideje pravnopolitički liberalno usmjerene teorije kaznenog prava i suglasno tome zalaže se za postavljanje preciznih i čvrstih granica represivnih ovlasti državnih tijela. Zajedno s profesorom Bogdanom Zlatarićem utemeljitelj je uglednog Poslijediplomskog studija iz kaznenopravnih znanosti Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.The academician Vladimir Bayer, who attended secondary-school in Osijek and has been professor at the Chair of Criminal Procedural Law at the Faculty of Law in Zagreb, University of Zagreb has also been a regular member of JAZU since 1986. He is one of the most significant and highly regarded Croatian jurists, the author of a number of scientific, expert papers in the field of procedural and material criminal law, history of criminal law, penology and law teaching. His scientific work makes a considerable integral part of legal regulations. He stands for the criminal law theory of legal-political liberal orientation and accordingly for setting precise and firm boundaries to repressive powers of the authorities. He established together with professor Bogdan Zlatarić the renowned postgraduate studies in criminal law science at the Faculty of Law in Zagreb
Cold ion spectroscopy and bomd: towards uncovering the origin of mysterious peaks
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Previous issue date: 25Density functional theory is a common tool for calculating infrared (IR) spectra. While harmonic approximation usually performs well on the molecules of small to medium size, it fails for predicting IR spectra of large ions. On the other hand, classical anharmonic treatment such as VPT2 or VSCF, becomes prohibitively expensive for large molecules.
An alternative approach is to calculate the IR spectrum by the Fourier transform of the dipole moment autocorrelation function from a classical trajectory,[1] e.g., from Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD). In contrast to the harmonic approximation, BOMD includes the vibrational couplings as well as conformational sampling at a given temperature.
In the Chen group, we have recently started studying IR spectra of large ions in the gas phase.[2] In order to understand the complicated IR fingerprints of those systems, we investigated the possibility of calculating IR spectra by BOMD simulations with the semi-empirical GFN-xTB methods,[3,4] and used this approach in combination with DFT to understand experimental IR spectra. \newline
\newline
References: \newline
[1] D.W. Noid, M.L. Koszykowski, and R.A. Marcus, The Journal of Chemical Physics 67, 404 (1977).\newline
[2] A. Tsybizova, L. Fritsche, V. Gorbachev, L. Miloglyadova, and P. Chen, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 234304 (2019).\newline
[3] S. Grimme, C. Bannwarth, and P. Shushkov, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 13, 1989 (2017).\newline
[4] C. Bannwarth, S. Ehlert, and S. Grimme, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 15, 1652 (2019)
Names of Vladimir the Great in Liturgical Texts and the Perception of his Sainthood in the 14th and 17th Centuries
Get PDFThe article examines attributive and agentive names of the grand prince of Kiev, Vladimir Svyatoslavich as they appear in liturgical texts of the 14th and 17th centuries, that either circulated independently or were employed at church services especially dedicated to the saint. Presuming that the first laudatory songs glorifying Vladimir date back to the 12th century, the author observes the steady increase of the number of such attributive and agentive names in liturgical texts and marks the period from the 14th through the 17th centuries as a peak of textual activity surrounding Vladimir. As the tables included in the article indicate, the increase in number was accompanied by the corresponding increase in semantic and imagery complexity. The names, employed in broader contextual meanings, became associated with various semantic fields and, above all, began to express abstract ideas related to the ideal vision of the personality of the saint and its historical, metaphysical, and spiritual dimensions
Ivan IV and Vladimir Staritsky: Political Struggle or Competition in Piety?
Get PDFIntroduction. The author researched and prepared for publication four acts of 1547–1566 issued by Ivan IV and the appanage prince Vladimir Andreevich on the villages of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery in Vereysky and Dmitrov counties. The diplomas are studied in the context of the corpus of act and narrative sources, containing the plot of the relationship of the appanage prince with his suzerain. Methods and materials. The task of this article is to clarify the real participation of Prince Vladimir in the political and administrative life of the country for three years from 1566 to 1569 and is solved by a comprehensive analysis of narrative texts and the act material in which the real prerogatives of the appanage prince are documented. Analysis. An indicator of Vladimir Staritsky’s administrative and political activity is the intensity and nature of the charters issued and preserved by him, and their correlation with the acts of Ivan IV, to which the key part of the article is devoted. Results. It has been established that in addition to the acts drawn up in the office of the appanage prince relatively independently, acts have been preserved in the compilation of which protographs were used. When creating the acts in 1566, the offices of the tsar and the appanage prince used the letters of 1547 and 1548, the form of which was reproduced without significant changes. It is hypothesized that the acts of Prince Vladimir Andreevich and Ivan IV indicate a kind of competition in piety between the autocratic monarch and the prince of the blood
Efroimson, Vladimir Pavlovich
Get PDFEFROIMSON, VLADIMIR PAVLOVICH ( 1908-1989). Geneticist, seminal figure in the development of population and medical genetics, author of works on sociobiology and the genetics of human ethical and aesthetic behavior
Determination Of Spectroscopically-structural Connection In The Pyridinium Series To Probe London Dispersion Forces
Get PDF\begin{wrapfigure}{l}{0pt}
\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{Repulsive_or_atractive.eps}
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London dispersion, the attractive part of the van der Waals potential, is an omnipresent force in molecules. However, even a cursory glance at presumably driven by the London dispersion two systems from references\footnote{Muller, P. \textit{Pure and Applied Chemistry.} \textbf{1994}, \textit{66}, 1077.}\footnote{Lyttle, M. H.; Streitweiser, A. Jr.; Kluttzt, R. Q. \textit{J. Am. Chem. Soc.} \textbf{1981}, \textit{103}, 3232.} gives curiously conflicting answers, raising a legitimate question: are steric interactions repulsive or attractive? \\
To address this issue a new molecular torsion balance was proposed.\footnote{Tsybizova‡, A.; Fritsche‡, L.; Gorbachev‡, V.; Miloglyadova. L.; Chen, P. \textit{J. Chem. Phys.} \textbf{2019}, \textit{151}, 234304.} Obtained systematic CIVP-spectroscopic pattern – structural connection in the series of large molecules, \textit{o,o}-disubstituted pyridiniums, could be used as an effective tool to explore London dispersion experimentally. Analysis of the conformer spaces: energies, frequencies, geometries as well as an extensive data set: X-ray and solid-state FT-IR data unambiguously link the gas-phase fingerprint with well-determined structures for all test-compounds in the series. Even among homologues, London dispersion significantly affects the resulting geometry starting from a change in the pendant substituents' relative position with respect to each other and ending with a total change of conformation. Remarkably, for the pyridinium featuring the highest DED-properties in the series, dispersion corrected methods appear to overestimate the magnitude of London dispersion forces, which leads to the principal improper assignment of the conformer in contradiction to the experimental data.Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-24T21:09:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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