396 research outputs found
Authors response to: Ultrasonographic diagnosis of fetal seizures: a case report and review of the literature
No full text[No abstract available]de Vries J I P, 2008, BJOG, V115, P129, DOI 10.1111-j.1471-0528.2007.01573.x; ROODENBURG PJ, 1991, EARLY HUM DEV, V25, P19, DOI 10.1016-0378-3782(91)90203-F; Usta IM, 2007, BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY, V114, P1031, DOI 10.1111-j.1471-0528.2007.01398.x0
Corrigendum to Domestic violence, the Lebanese experience [Public Health 121 (2007): 208-219]
No full text[No abstract available]Usta J, 2007, PUBLIC HEALTH, V121, P208, DOI 10.1016-j.puhe.2006.09.0140
Addressing domestic violence in primary care: What the physician needs to know
No full textDomestic violence (DV) is quite prevalent and negatively impacts the health and mental wellbeing of those affected. Victims of DV are frequent users of health service, yet they are infrequently recognized. Physicians tend to treat the presenting complaints without addressing the root cause of the problem. Lack of knowledge on adequately managing cases of DV and on appropriate ways to help survivors is commonly presented as a barrier. This article presents the magnitude of the problem of DV in the Arab world, highlights the role of the primary care physician in addressing this problem, and provides practical steps that can guide the clinician in the Arab world in giving a comprehensive and culturally sensitive service to the survivors of DV. © 2014 Jinan Usta and Rim Taleb.Al-Nsour M, 2009, J FAM VIOLENCE, V24, P569, DOI 10.1007-s10896-009-9255-2; Ambuel B, 2003, J COMP FAM STUD, V34, P113; Ambuel B, 1998, J AGGRESS MALTREAT T, V1, P72; American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, SCREEN TOOLS DOM VIO; [Anonymous], PHYS OBL PREV ID TRE; [Anonymous], 2008, JORDAN POPULATION FA; [Anonymous], 2005, EGYPT DEMOGRAPHIC HL; [Anonymous], 2009, POPULATION REPORTS E; Basile K. C., 2007, INTIMATE PARTNER VIO; Boy A, 2008, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM, V14, P53, DOI 10.1177-1077801207311860; Campbell JC, 2002, LANCET, V359, P1331, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(02)08336-8; Campbell JC, 1997, PSYCHIAT CLIN N AM, V20, P353, DOI 10.1016-S0193-953X(05)70317-8; Campbell JC, 2009, J INTERPERS VIOLENCE, V24, P653, DOI 10.1177-0886260508317180; Cronholm PF, 2011, AM FAM PHYSICIAN, V83, P1165; Eisenstat SA, 1999, NEW ENGL J MED, V341, P886, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199909163411206; Elliott L, 2002, J GEN INTERN MED, V17, P112, DOI 10.1046-j.1525-1497.2002.10233.x; European Women's Lobby Study, 1999, UNV HIDD DAT DOM VIO; Feldhaus KM, 1997, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V277, P1357, DOI 10.1001-jama.277.17.1357; Garcia-Moreno C, 2006, LANCET, V368, P1260, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(06)69523-8; Golding JM, 1999, J FAM VIOLENCE, V14, P99, DOI 10.1023-A:1022079418229; Goodman LA, 2001, J TRAUMA STRESS, V14, P615, DOI 10.1023-A:1013026318450; Hegarty K, 2011, AUST FAM PHYSICIAN, V40, P852; Howard LM, 2009, PSYCHOL MED, V40, P1; Howard LM, 2013, PLOS MED, V10, DOI 10.1371-journal.pmed.1001452; Iverson KM, 2011, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V79, P193, DOI 10.1037-a0022512; Johnson DM, 2011, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V79, P542, DOI 10.1037-a0023822; Joyner K, 2012, PLOS ONE, V7, DOI 10.1371-journal.pone.0029540; Klevens J, 2012, WOMEN HEALTH ISS, V22, pE45, DOI 10.1016-j.whi.2011.06.008; Klevens J, 2012, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V308, P681, DOI 10.1001-jama.2012.6434; Knapp J F, 1998, Pediatr Rev, V19, P316, DOI 10.1542-pir.19-9-316; Lehmann P, 2000, CHILD YOUTH SERV REV, V22, P275, DOI 10.1016-S0190-7409(00)00078-5; Macy RJ, 2009, SOC WORK, V54, P29; Maziak Wasim, 2003, Health Care Women Int, V24, P313; National Research Council, 2011, CLIN PREV SERV WOM C; Nelson HD, 2012, ANN INTERN MED, V156, P796, DOI 10.7326-0003-4819-156-11-201206050-00447; Nicolaidis C, 2003, J GEN INTERN MED, V18, P788, DOI 10.1046-j.1525-1497.2003.21202.x; Nicolaidis C, 2008, J GEN INTERN MED, V23, P1157, DOI 10.1007-s11606-008-0606-0; Republic of Iraq, 2008, REPUBLIC IRAQ IRAQ F; Rhodes KV, 2002, ANN EMERG MED, V40, P476, DOI 10.1067-mem.2002.127181; Ronan GF, 2004, J FAM VIOLENCE, V19, P131, DOI 10.1023-B:JOFV.0000019843.26331.cf; Rose D, 2011, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V198, P189, DOI 10.1192-bjp.bp.109.072389; Ryden J, 2009, INTIMATE PARTNER VIO; Sickel AE, 2002, J HEALTH PSYCHOL, V7, P583, DOI 10.1177-1359105302007005677; Silverman ME, 2010, ARCH WOMEN MENT HLTH, V13, P411, DOI 10.1007-s00737-010-0161-7; Stockl H, 2013, LANCET, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(13)61030-2; Tashkandi A. A., 2009, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, V15, P1242; Thackeray JD, 2010, PEDIATRICS, V125, P1094, DOI 10.1542-peds.2010-0451; Trevillion K, 2012, PLOS ONE, V7, DOI 10.1371-journal.pone.0051740; Trickett P, 2005, LONGITUDINAL STUDY C; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 1996, GUID CLIN PREV SERV; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, 2004, SCREEN FAM INT PARTN; Usta J, 2007, PUBLIC HEALTH, V121, P208, DOI 10.1016-j.puhe.2006.09.014; Usta J, 2012, ANN FAM MED, V10, P213, DOI 10.1370-afm.1336; Wasson JH, 2000, J FAM PRACTICE, V49, P1017; World Health Organization, 2013, RESP INT PARTN VIOL; Yount KM, 2009, J MARRIAGE FAM, V71, P1125, DOI 10.1111-j.1741-3737.2009.00659.x0
Investigation of internet dependency and variables related to cyber bullying behaviours in middle school students
No full textEğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Eğitim Bilimleri Ana Bilim DalıKüreselleşen dünya ile birlikte bilgi ve bilişim alanındaki gelişmeler hızlanmaktadır. Bu değişim ve gelişmelerden birisi de internet kullanım alanında yaşanmaktadır. İnternet kullanımındaki artış insanoğlunun yaşamına pek çok yenilik getirmiştir. Bu yenilikler kişilerin hayatlarını kolaylaştırabildiği gibi bazı problemlere de yol açabilmektedir. İnternetin problemli kullanımından kaynaklanabilecek durumlardan birisi olan siber zorbalık davranışı da son zamanlarda ortaya çıkan kavramlardan olmuştur. Günümüzde internetin yaşamın her alanında kullanımı nedeniyle olumlu ve olumsuz pek çok sonucu ortaya çıkmış ve bu nedenle siber zorbalık davranışı da son zamanlarda internet bağımlılığı ile birlikte literatüre giren kavramlardan birisi olmuştur. Bunun sonucu olarak da son yıllarda siber zorbalık ve internet bağımlılığı konuları araştırmacılar tarafından üzerinde çalışma yapılan önemli konular haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Ortaokul öğrencilerinde internet bağımlılığı ve siber zorbalık davranışı arasında ilişkinin olup olmadığını ve hangi değişkenlere göre farklılık gösterdiğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmış olan bu çalışmayla da özellikle ortaokul kademesinde (7. ve 8. sınıf öğrencileri) yer alan öğrencilerin internet bağımlılığı ve siber zorbalık davranışları arasındaki ilişki incelenmek istenmiştir. Bu amaçla araştırma Sivas İl merkezinde yer alan 6 ortaokuldan 779 öğrenci üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla Kişisel Bilgi Formu, İnternet Bağımlılık Ölçeği ve Siber Zorbalık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler korelasyonel analiz ve çok yönlü varyans analizi tekniği olan MANOVA teknikleri kullanılarak SPSS 17 paket programı aracılığıyla analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda öğrencilerin internet bağımlılık davranışları ile eğitim gördükleri sınıf düzeyi, anne eğitim durumu, baba eğitim durumu, evde bulunan kitap sayısı, çalışma masasının olması, öğrencinin evinde kendisine ait bilgisayar olup olmaması ve evde internet bağlantısı olup olmaması değişkenleri arasında manidar bir ilişkinin olmadığı belirlenirken; internet bağımlılığı davranışı ile cinsiyet ve internet kullanım yeri değişkenleri arasında manidar bir ilişkinin olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Yapılan analizde internet bağımlılık davranışının cinsiyet açısından erkek öğrencilerde kız öğrencilere göre daha fazla olduğu görülürken internet bağımlılığı ve internet kullanım yeri arasındaki ilişki sonucunda ise internet kafede ve evde internet kullanan öğrencilerin okulda internet kullanan öğrencilere göre internet bağımlılık davranışını daha çok gösterdikleri sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında öğrencilerin siber zorbalık davranışlarının değişkenler açısından analizi sonucunda ise siber zorbalık davranışı ile anne eğitim durumu, baba eğitim durumu, evde bulunan kitap sayısı, çalışma masasının olması ve evde internet bağlantısı olup olmaması değişkenleri arasında manidar bir ilişkinin olmadığı belirlenirken siber zorbalık davranışı ile eğitim görülen sınıf düzeyi, cinsiyet, evde bilgisayar olması ve internet kullanım yeri değişkenleri arasında manidar bir ilişkinin olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Sınıf düzeyi ile siber zorbalık davranışı ilişkisine bakıldığında 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin 7. sınıf öğrencilerine göre daha fazla siber zorbalık davranışı gösterebildikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Siber zorbalık davranışı ile cinsiyet değişkeni arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde erkek öğrencilerin kız öğrencilere göre daha fazla siber zorbalık davranışında bulunduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca analizler sonucunda internet kafede internet kullanan öğrencilerin evde ve okulda internet kullanan öğrencilere göre daha çok siber zorbalık davranışı gösterdikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda öğrencilerin internet bağımlılığı ve siber zorbalık davranışları arasındaki ilişki de incelenmiş ve analiz sonucunda öğrencilerin siber zorbalık ve internet bağımlılık davranışları arasındaki korelasyon değerinin manidar (r=0.37) olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuç doğrultusunda ortaokul öğrencilerinin siber zorbalık ile internet bağımlılık davranışları arasında (r2=0.14) orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişkinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bağımlılık, İnternet Bağımlılığı, Zorbalık, Siber ZorbalıkAlong with the globalizing world, developments in the field of knowledge and information are accelerating. One of these changes and developments is experienced in internet usage. The increase in the use of the ınternet has brought many innovations to the lives of human beings. However these innovations can make people's lives easier they can cause some problems. The cyber bullying behaviour, which is one of the situations that can arise from the problematic use of the ınternet, has also come from the concepts that have emerged recently. Today, many positive and negative consequences have arisen due to the use of the internet in all areas of life, and for this reason, cyber bullying behaviour has recently been one of the concepts that entered the literature together with internet addiction. As a result of this, cyber bullying and internet addiction in recent years have become important topics for researchers to study. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between ınternet addiction and cyber bullying behaviours of middle school students (7th and 8th grade students), especially with regard to internet addiction and cyber bullying behaviours in secondary school students. For this purpose, the research was carried out on 779 students from 6 secondary schools located in the city center of Sivas. Personal Information Form, Internet Addiction Scale and Siberian Bullying Scale were used to collect data in the study. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 17 packet program using correlation analysis and MANOVA techniques, which are versatile variance analysis techniques. As a result of the analyzes made, it was determined that there was no meaningful relationship between internet dependency behaviours of students and the variables such as classroom level, mother education level, father education level, number of books available at home, working desk, whether the student had his own computer at home and internet connection at home ; It is concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between internet addiction behaviours and gender and internet use place variables. In the analyzed analysis, internet addiction behaviours were found to be higher in male students than female students in terms of gender, whereas the result of the relationship between internet addiction and internet usage place showed that students who use the internet in internet cafes and at home show more internet addictive behaviour than students who use internet in school. Under the scope of the research, it was determined that there was no significant relationship between cyber bullying behaviours and parents education status, father education status, number of books at home, working table and whether there was internet connection at home in the results of analysis of variables of cyber bullying behaviours there is a meaningful relationship between variables such as class level, gender, computer at home and internet use. When the relationship between class level and bullying behaviour is examined, it is concluded that 8th grade students can show more cyber bullying behaviours than 7th grade students. When the relationship between bullying behaviours and gender variables was examined, it was observed that male students had more cyber bullying behaviours than female students. In addition, as a result of the analysis, the students who use the internet in internet cafes reached the result that they showed more cyber bullying behaviours than the internet users at home and at school. As a result of the research, the relationship between students 'internet addiction and bullying behaviours was examined and it was seen that the correlation value between students' cyber bullying and internet addiction behaviours was significant (r = 0.37). As a result, it was concluded that middle school students had a moderately positive relationship between cyber bullying and internet addiction behaviours (r2 = 0.14). Keywords: Addiction, Internet Addiction, Bullying, Cyber Bullyin
Writing Test Items to Evaluate Higher Order Thinking of School Teachers
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı farklı branşlardaki öğretmenlerin üst düzey soru yazma becerilerine ilişkin algılarını belirlemek ve verilen eğitim sonunda üst düzey soru yazma becerilerinde fark edilebilir bir gelişme sağlayan bir eylem araştırması gerçekleştirmektir. Eylem araştırması eğitim başlangıcı, eğitim sırası ve eğitim sonu olmak üzere üç aşamada ele alınmıştır. Eğitimin başında katılımcıların eğitimden beklentileri, üst düzey sorulara ve Bloom taksonomisine ilişkin algıları ortaya konmuştur. Eğitim sırasında ise ne düzeyde ve ne yönde bir farkındalık oluştuğu takip edilmiş, eğitimin sonunda katılımcıların eğitim başlangıcı ve sonundaki görüşlerinde, bilgi düzeylerinde ne tür farklılıklar meydana geldiği fark ettirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Tüm bunlar doğrultusunda araştırmada gözlemlenenler; eğitim başında katılımcıların üst düzey sorulara ve Bloom taksonomisine ilişkin bilgi düzeylerinin oldukça sınırlı olduğu gözlenmiştir. Eğitim sırasında üst düzey soru yazma konusunda, Bloom taksonomisini içselleştirme konusunda oldukça zorlanmışlar bunun yanında farklı soru tiplerini incelemiş olmalarından dolayı bakış açılarında farklılık olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Eğitim sonunda bilgi ve beceri bakımından büyük bir gelişim göstermelerinin yanında bu konuda yapılacak eğitimlere ihtiyaç duyduklarını belirtmişlerdir
Variables Related To Teachers' Assessment Qualifications And Attitudes
No full text8th International Conference on Education and Educational Psychology (ICEEPSY) -- OCT 11-14, 2017 -- Porto Univ, Fac Med, Porto, PORTUGALThis study intends to test the relationship between the assessment competencies and attitudes of secondary school and high school teachers and their teacher self-efficacy perceptions and assessment duration by all group and gender variables. It was carried out in Sivas province during the 2016-2017 academic year. It was intended to find out the relationships between assessment competences and attitudes of secondary school and high school teachers (DYT) and their teacher self-efficacy perceptions covering the dimensions of Efficacy for Student Engagement (OKT), Efficacy for Instructional Strategies (OYNTT) and Efficacy for Classroom Management (SYTT) and duration of experience (DST). Also multiple group analysis was applied to test whether such relationships vary by gender. This is a correlational study as a type of quantitative research because it investigates the relation between the related variables. As a result, duration of experience hasn't meaningful correlation with all variables in the all group. But it changes according to gender. Otherwise, there is meaningful correlation between teacher efficacy and assessment competence and attitudes. Also we can see difference between male and female teachers according to this correlations. In male group the strongest predictor is efficacy of classroom management, in female group it is efficacy for instructional method. (C) 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.UKCentro Investigacao Medica Rua Doutor Placido Cost
The University Student’s Motivation Level on Learning English
No full textThis study aims to determine the university students’ level of motivation in terms of different variables. A study group of this research has been designed through one of the non-random sampling methods, Using appropriate sampling, 606 students from Faculty of Education of C.U. have been involved in this study. Motivation scale in English Language Learning developed by Mehdiyev,Usta,Uğurlu (2015) was used as an instrument of data collection. T-test and one - way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to resolve problems of this research. As a result of the research the motivation level of university students hasn’t been revealed significantly different regarding to the gender variable. However, considering the t-test results of motivation scale dimensions, confidence, attitude and personal use, significant difference is seen in favour of women in personal use dimension. The level of language learning motivation of female students is higher than men’s regarding to personal use dimension. However, men’s and women’s views don’t differ significantly in attitude and confidence dimensions. University students don’t present significant differences in terms of birth place, parent’s education level, total motivation scores and confident, attitude and personal dimensions. Students’ motivation levels are seen not to be influenced by the places such as village, provision or city where they have spent the most of their lifetime. At the same time the findings revealed that parental status variable in terms of primary, secondary and university graduates has no effects on students’ motivation.</jats:p
17-hydroxy progesterone caproate for preterm labor prevention: Final blood levels
No full text[No abstract available]Caritis SN, 2012, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V207; Caritis SN, 2012, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V207; Caritis SN, 2011, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V205, p[40, e1]0
Attitudes towards domestic violence in Lebanon: A qualitative study of primary care practitioners
No full textBackground: Domestic violence (DV) is highly prevalent in the developing and developed world. Healthcare systems internationally are still not adequately addressing the needs of patients experiencing violence. Aim: To explore physicians' attitudes about responding to DV, their perception of the physician's role, and the factors that influence their response. Design and setting: Qualitative study using individual interviews among primary care practitioners working in Lebanon. Method: Primary care clinicians practising for 5 years and with 100 patient consultations a week were interviewed. Physicians were asked about their practice when encountering women disclosing abuse, their opinion about the engagement of the health services with DV, their potential role, and the anticipated reaction of patients and society to this extended role. Results: Physicians felt that they were well positioned to play a pivotal role in addressing DV; yet they had concerns related to personal safety, worry about losing patients, and opposing the norms of a largely conservative society. Several physicians justified DV or blamed the survivor rather than the perpetrator for triggering the violent behaviour. Moreover, religion was perceived as sanctioning DV. Conclusion: Perceived cultural norms and religious beliefs seem to be major barriers to physicians responding to DV in Lebanon, and possibly in the Arab world more generally. Financial concerns also need to be addressed to encourage physicians to address DV. ©British Journal of General Practice.Ahmed AM, 2003, SAUDI MED J, V24, P1077; Alkoot IM, 2010, ALEXANDRIA MED J, V46, P335; Al-Nsour M, 2009, J FAM VIOLENCE, V24, P569, DOI 10.1007-s10896-009-9255-2; Ambuel B, 2003, J COMP FAM STUD, V34, P113; [Anonymous], 2009, POPULATION REPORTS; Berger JT, 2008, ACAD MED, V83, P100; CHRISTAKIS NA, 1995, AM J PUBLIC HEALTH, V85, P367, DOI 10.2105-AJPH.85.3.367; Djikanovic B, 2010, PATIENT EDUC COUNS, V80, P88, DOI 10.1016-j.pec.2009.09.028; Easteal P W, 1992, Violence Vict, V7, P217; Elliott L, 2002, J GEN INTERN MED, V17, P112, DOI 10.1046-j.1525-1497.2002.10233.x; Feder G, 2013, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V310, P479, DOI 10.1001-jama.2013.167453; FERRIS LE, 1994, MED CARE, V32, P1163, DOI 10.1097-00005650-199412000-00001; Garcia-Moreno C, 2006, LANCET, V368, P1260, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(06)69523-8; Haj-Yahia MM, 2010, J INTERPERS VIOLENCE, V25, P416, DOI 10.1177-0886260509334408; Laisser RM, 2011, BMC WOMENS HEALTH, V11, DOI 10.1186-1472-6874-11-13; MacMillan HL, 2012, ANN INTERN MED, V157, P676, DOI 10.7326-0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00019; Maziak Wasim, 2003, Health Care Women Int, V24, P313; Murphy JC, 1995, FAMILY LAW Q, V39, P53; Nason-Clark N, 2004, J SCI STUD RELIG, V43, P303, DOI 10.1111-j.1468-5906.2004.00236.x; Obeid N, 2010, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM, V16, P691, DOI 10.1177-1077801210370465; Office for National Statistics, 2014, INT PERS VIOL PARTN; Ramsay J, 2012, BRIT J GEN PRACT, V62, DOI 10.3399-bjgp12X654623; Reid SA, 1997, ACAD MED, V72, P51; Roelens K, 2006, BMC PUBLIC HEALTH, V6, DOI 10.1186-1471-2458-6-238; Schuler SR, 2011, STUD FAMILY PLANN, V42, P21, DOI 10.1111-j.1728-4465.2011.00261.x; Stockl H, 2013, LANCET, V382, P859, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(13)61030-2; SUGG NK, 1992, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V267, P3157, DOI 10.1001-jama.267.23.3157; Usta J, 2007, PUBLIC HEALTH, V121, P208, DOI 10.1016-j.puhe.2006.09.014; Usta J, 2012, ANN FAM MED, V10, P213, DOI 10.1370-afm.1336; Williamson KJ, 2004, SOUTH MED J, V97, P1049, DOI 10.1097-01.SMJ.0000136266.92364.B6; Yamawaki N, 2009, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM, V15, P1126, DOI 10.1177-1077801209340758; Zakar R, 2011, HEALTH CARE WOMEN IN, V32, P811, DOI 10.1080-07399332.2011.5690420
Is there violence in the neighbourhood? Ask the children
No full textBackground: Community violence is a major public health concern. Much has been written about high intensity community violence such as wars or gang violence. However, chronic low intensity community violence is greatly overlooked. The objective of the following study is to assess how children living in neighbourhoods characterized by chronic low intensity violence perceive their environment. Methods: Children drew two pictures: one of their physical neighbourhoods and the other representing what goes on in the neighbourhoods. Each child also completed a neighbourhood safety survey. Results: The participants were four hundred and five children (213 girls; 192 boys) 8-12 years old (mean = 9.70; SD = 1.26) who lived in Beirut. 75 drawings contained violent incidents (fist fights and heated verbal arguments were most commonly depicted). 168 children mentioned people fighting or quarrelling in the streets but elected not to draw them. Children reported feeling unsafe and dissatisfaction with the quality of their neighbourhoods. Conclusion: Children living in chronic low intensity community violence may feel unsafe and distrustful of their environment but may perceive violent events as regular normal occurrence. The risk of copying such behaviours and propagating violence is to be considered seriously. © The Author 2005, Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved.AYALON O, 1992, PRACTITIONER, V226, P1773; SCHWABSTONE ME, 1995, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V34, P1343, DOI 10.1097-00004583-199510000-00020; Beal C. R., 1994, BOYS GIRLS DEV GENDE; Bell C C, 1991, J Health Care Poor Underserved, V2, P175; BLOCH DA, 1956, AM J PSYCHIAT, V133, P416; BRONFENBRENNER U, 1984, REV CHILD DEV RES, V7, P35; Bronfenbrenner U., 1979, ECOLOGY HUMAN DEV; Bryant B., 1985, MONOGR SOC RES CHILD, V50, P210; BRYCE J, 1988, INT J MENT HLTH, V18, P57; BRYCE JW, 1989, SOC SCI MED, V28, P685, DOI 10.1016-0277-9536(89)90216-5; BURGESS AW, 1993, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V17, P161, DOI 10.1016-0145-2134(93)90015-W; BURKE JD, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V25, P536, DOI 10.1016-S0002-7138(10)60014-3; Cohen D J, 1987, Psychoanal Study Child, V42, P59; DUBROW NF, 1989, CHILD WELFARE, V68, P3; ELSHEIKH M, 1995, CHILD DEV, V66, P446, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8624.1995.tb00882.x; FARHOOD L, 1993, SOC SCI MED, V36, P1555, DOI 10.1016-0277-9536(93)90344-4; FARVER J, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P29; Farver JAM, 2000, J APPL DEV PSYCHOL, V21, P139, DOI 10.1016-S0193-3973(99)00032-5; FARVER JM, IN PRESS DEV PSYCHOL; FIESE BH, 1989, J PEDIATR PSYCHOL, V14, P293, DOI 10.1093-jpepsy-14.2.293; FITZPATRICK KM, 1993, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V32, P424, DOI 10.1097-00004583-199303000-00026; FLICK A, 1997, CHILDREN VIOLENT SOC; Garbarino J., 1991, NO PLACE BE CHILD GR; GARBARINO J, CHILDREN DANGER COPI; Garmezy N., 1985, CHILD ADOLESCENT PSY; GARMEZY N, 1993, PSYCHIATRY, V56, P127; GROVES BM, 1993, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V269, P262, DOI 10.1001-jama.269.2.262; Hammer EF, 1980, CLIN APPL PROJECTIVE; HIBBARD RA, 1990, J CLIN PSYCHOL, V46, P211, DOI 10.1002-1097-4679(199003)46:2211::AID-JCLP22704602153.0.CO;2-C; Hoffman MA, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P117, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8624.1996.tb01723.x; Horn J.L., 1997, VIOLENCE CHILDREN FA, P103; HOURANI LL, 1986, SOC SCI MED, V23, P269, DOI 10.1016-0277-9536(86)90347-3; Jenkins E., 1997, CHILDREN VIOLENT SOC; JENKINS JM, 1989, J AM ACAD CHILD PSY, V28, P182, DOI 10.1097-00004583-198903000-00006; LEWIS M, 1997, CHILDREN VIOLENT SOC; LEWIS M, 1994, UNPUB CODING MANUAL; LYONS HA, 1971, BRIT J PSYCHIAT, V118, P265, DOI 10.1192-bjp.118.544.265; LYONS J, 1987, ANN PROGR CHILD PSYC, P451; Macksoud MS, 1996, CHILD DEV, V67, P70, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-8624.1996.tb01720.x; MAGWAZA AS, 1993, CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT, V17, P795, DOI 10.1016-S0145-2134(08)80010-5; Martinez P., 1993, PSYCHIATRY, V56, P23; MOORE M, 1993, ARCH PSICOLOGIA NEUR, V54, P3; MOORE MS, 1994, TREATING SURVIVORS S, P23; NEWMAN CJ, 1976, AM J PSYCHIAT, V133, P306; OSOFSKY JD, 1993, PSYCHIATRY, V56, P36; OSOFSKY JD, 1993, UNPUB NEW ORLEANS VI; Parke RD, 1998, HDB CHILD PSYCHOL, V3, P463, DOI 10.1002-9780470147658.chpsy0308; PETERSON C, 1983, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V92, P96, DOI 10.1037--0021-843X.92.1.96; PYNOOS R, 1986, J AM ACAD CHILD ADOL, V28, P236; PYNOOS R, 1994, J ACAD CHILD PSYCHIA, V25, P306; PYNOOS RS, 1990, PSYCHIAT ANN, V20, P334; Reiss D., 1981, FAMILY CONSTRUCTION; RICHTERS JE, 1993, PSYCHIATRY, V56, P7; RICHTERS JE, 1993, DEV PSYCHOPATHOL, V5, P609; SAIGH PA, 1988, J ABNORM PSYCHOL, V97, P338, DOI 10.1037--0021-843X.97.3.338; SAYLOR CF, 1992, CHILD PSYCHIAT HUM D, V22, P139, DOI 10.1007-BF00705888; TERR LC, 1983, AM J PSYCHIAT, V140, P1543; TERR LC, 1991, AM J PSYCHIAT, V148, P10; ZIV A, 1973, J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH, V40, P287, DOI 10.1037-h003450260
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