1,721,079 research outputs found
Telmisartan as metabolic modulator: a new perspective in sports doping?
No full textThe World Antidoping Agency (WADA) has introduced some changes in the 2012 prohibited list. Among the leading innovations to the rules are that both 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ [PPAR-δ]-5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase [AMPK] agonist) and GW1516 (PPAR-δ-agonist) are no longer categorized as gene doping substances in the new 2012 prohibited list but as metabolic modulators in the class "Hormone and metabolic modulators." This may also be valid for the angotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan. It has recently been shown that telmisartan might induce similar biochemical, biological, and metabolic changes (e.g., mitochondrial biogenesis and changes in skeletal muscle fiber type) as those reported for the former call of substances. We suspect that metabolic modulators abuse such as telmisartan might become a tangible threat in sports and should be thereby targeted as an important antidoping issue. The 2012 WADA prohibited list does not provide telmisartan for a potential doping drug, but arguments supporting the consideration to include them among "metabolic modulators" are at hand
Improvement in sprint performance: doping or nature?
No full textImprovement in sprint performance: doping or nature
Acetaminophen and sport performance: doping or what?
No full textAcetaminophen and sport performance: doping or what
Hb mass for anti-doping purposes should be assessed in combination with hemoglobin and blood volume
No full textHbmass for Anti-Doping Purposes Should be Assessed in Combination with Hemoglobin and Blood Volume
Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia applicability in myocardial infarction prevention and recovery.
No full textIntermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IHH) has been the focus of important research in cardioprotection, and it has been associated with several mechanisms. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia inhibits prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) activity, increasing the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and activating crucial adaptative genes. It has been hence suggested that IHH might be a simple intervention, which may offer a thoughtful benefits to patients with acute myocardial infarction and no complications. Nevertheless, several doubts exist as to whether IHH is a really safe technique, with little to no complications in post-myocardial infarction patients. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia might produce instead unfavourable changes such as impairment of vascular hemodynamics and hypertensive response, increased risk of hemoconcentration and thrombosis, cardiac rhythm perturbations, coronary artery disease and heart failure, insulin resistance, steatohepatitis and even high-altitude pulmonary oedema in susceptible or nonacclimatized patients. Although intermittent and chronic exposures seem effective in cardioprotection, IHH safety issues have been mostly overlooked, so that assorted concerns should be raised about the opportunity to use IHH in the post-myocardial infarction period. Several IHH protocols used in some studies were also aggressive, which would hamper their widespread introduction within the clinical practice. As such, further research is needed before IHH can be widely advocated in myocardial infarction prevention and recovery
Plasticizer detection in urine samples after autologous blood transfusion
No full textPlasticizer detection in urine samples after autologous blood transfusion
Rest heart rate and mortality: More physical exercise for the rabbit?
No full textRest heart rate and mortality: More physical exercise for the rabbit
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and ischemic heart disease. Which came first, the chicken or the egg?
No full textSeveral lines of evidence demonstrate that the immune system plays a pivotal role in development and progression of ischemic heart disease (IHD). More recently, a series of biological and clinical investigations has generated new interest about the existence of a relationship between a specific class of immunoglobulin, that is immunoglobulin E (IgE), and IHD. Data obtained in several epidemiological studies have convincingly demonstrated that the concentration of total serum IgEs is significantly increased in patients with IHD and often correlates with the prognosis. The putative mechanisms are essentially mediated by a physiological interaction between IgEs and mast cells, which triggers the direct or indirect release of a variety of substances that are actively involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia and thrombosis. Regardless of these important evidences, a causality dilemma remains, since it is still unclear whether increased IgE levels are a consequence of IHD or, rather, IHD is an underlying cause of increased IgE levels. The answer would allow us to recognize whether total IgEs may be considered simple biomarkers or risk factors of IHD, thus paving the way to investigations focused on immunotherapy or avoidance of allergenic foods for reducing serum IgEs in patients at risk of IHD
Antiplatelet therapy in marathon runners: more harm than benefits?
No full textAntiplatelet therapy in marathon runners: more harm than benefits
Biological markers in older people at risk of mobility limitations.
No full textDue to the progressive ageing of the worldwide population, prevention and treatment of late-life dysfunctions, including functional decline and mobility limitations, represent leading targets of scientists and clinicians, but are also receiving growing attention from governments and healthcare systems. The early identification of elderly patients more prone to physical decline represents a crucial step for establishing preventive measures. Although functional capacity can easily be assessed, the use of additional criteria that anticipate the onset of mobility limitations seems much more advantageous. The most challenging issues in the identification of biological markers for assessing the risk of functional decline in the elderly originates from the complex and multifaceted pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the resulting physiological decrement, so that bridging the gap between basic research and clinical practice may appear intricate. Nevertheless, several lines of evidence now confirm the existence of negative associations between functional mobility and values of hemoglobin, total and HDL-cholesterol, vitamin D, testosterone, adiponectin and antioxidants such carotenoids, vitamin C and E, selenium and magnesium, whereas positive associations have been reported with the values of uric acid, white blood cells, plasma and blood viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), triglycerides, homocysteine, plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), markers of renal functions (i.e., creatine and cystatin C), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), as well as several inflammatory (e.g., C reactive protein, Intereleukin-6, Interleukin- 1 receptor antagonist), hemostatic (e.g., fibrinogen, Von Willebrand Factor, factors VIII and IX) and oxidative (oxidized lipoproteins, 8-oxo-7,8-2'-deoxyguanosine, protein carbonylation) biomarkers. In the foreseeable future, proteomic studies might predictably help identify novel associations between putative biomarkers and functional decline
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