1,721,027 research outputs found
KOSMOS 2021 Gran Canaria mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: metazoan zooplankton carbon biomass
No full textThis data was collected as a part of a mesocosm study to investigate the ecosystem impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement, within the EU H2020 OceanNETs project. Nine mesocosms were deployed in Taliarte Harbour (Gran Canaria, Spain) and were regularly sampled using integrated water samplers between 10th September-25th October 2021. A gradient design was used in this experiment with a total of nine different alkalinity concentrations. Seawater alkalinity ranged between ambient (0 µeq kg-1 added alkalinity, OAE0) and 2400 µeq kg-1 additional alkalinity (OAE2400). The alkalinity levels increased in equal intervals of 300 µeq kg-1 across nine mesocosms (OAE0, OAE300, OAE600, OAE900, OAE1200, OAE1500, OAE1800, OAE2100, OAE2400). This data set contains metazoan zooplankton biomass (µgC per L) from these nine mesocosms. Biomass was calculated based on zooplankton abundances transformed using carbon mass conversion factors. Metazoan zooplankton were sampled with apstein net (ø17cm, mesh size 55µm, 64.06285L) hauls taken every two days (except for days 5 and 9). Zooplankton were size fractioned and assessed in the correspondent size class (small: 55-200µm; medium: 200-500µm; large: 500µm-3mm). Within each size class, all organisms were counted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, and developmental stages were differentiated where possible. Zooplankton abundances (individuals per L) converted to carbon biomass (µgC per L) using biomass conversion factors. Conversion factors are obtained from different sources (Sanchez et al. (in prep)). Briefly: i) metazoan zooplankton functional groups were sampled and measured for carbon biomass using an elemental analyser at specific points throughout the experiment, ii) individual zooplankton were photographed, measured, and their biovolumes and carbon masses derived using standard conversions cited in the literature, iii) zooplankton conversion factors from KOSMOS Gran Canaria 2019 (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.971765). The experiment, which lasted 33 days, was divided into four response phases (see Sánchez et al. (in prep)): i) pretreatment (days 1 to 4, treatment was implemented on day 4), ii) immediate (days 5-10), iii) shorter term (days 11-22), iv) longer term (days 23 to 33)
KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: phytoplankton pigments and composition
No full textPigment concentration and pigment-based phytoplankton community composition data from the mesocosm experiment conducted in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Depth-integrated (0-2.5m) water samples were taken in 2-days intervals over the course of 33 days. One set of filters (one filter per sampling day and mesocosm) was analysed fluorometrically for Chl a. Another set of filters was analysed for a range of photosynthetic pigments using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Based on pigment concentrations, phytoplankton community composition was approximated using the CHEMTAX software with the original pigment ratios from Mackey et al (1996, doi:10.3354/meps144265). The input included Chl a, b, c2, and c3, peridinin, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, fucoxanthin, neoxanthin, prasinoxanthin, violaxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, alloxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Divinyl Chl a was instead fully associated with Prochlorophyceae. The presence of the main phytoplankton groups is expressed in Chl a equivalents and their contribution to the phytoplankton community as percentage to total Chl a. The upwelling treatment started on day 6. Methodological details in Goldenberg et al. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1015188)
KOSMOS 2021 Gran Canaria mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: metazoan zooplankton trophic level
No full textThis data was collected as a part of a mesocosm study to investigate the ecosystem impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement, within the EU H2020 OceanNETs project. Nine mesocosms were deployed in Taliarte Harbour (Gran Canaria, Spain) and were regularly sampled using integrated water samplers between 10th September-25th October 2021. A gradient design was used in this experiment with a total of nine different alkalinity concentrations. Seawater alkalinity ranged between ambient (0 µeq kg-1 added alkalinity, OAE0) and 2400 µeq kg-1 additional alkalinity (OAE2400). The alkalinity levels increased in equal intervals of 300 µeq kg-1 across nine mesocosms (OAE0, OAE300, OAE600, OAE900, OAE1200, OAE1500, OAE1800, OAE2100, OAE2400). This data set contains metazoan zooplankton trophic level, calculated from zooplankton and particulate matter δ15N stable isotopes (‰ air). Metazoan zooplankton were sampled with apstein net (ø17cm, mesh size 55µm, 64.06285L) hauls taken every four days (except the first 11 days, when samples were only taken on days 1 and 11). Zooplankton were size fractioned and assessed in the correspondent size class (small: 55-200µm not assessed for trophic level; medium: 200-500µm; large: 500µm-3mm). Organisms were picked into functional groups within each size class, and their delta 15N isotope signal was measured using a mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyser: i) bulk zooplankton (MZP), which consisted of a random mix of all zooplankton, ii) and copepod zooplankton (COP). Delta 15N stable isotopes were also measured in acidified and non-acidified particulate matter filters (no consistent differences observed between them), assumed as the potential food for zooplankton. Here, we present the delta 15N measurements, and the calculated trophic level of the different metazoan zooplankton groups assessed (see Sanchez et al. in prep for further details on calculations). The experiment, which lasted 33 days, was divided into four response phases (see Sánchez et al. (in prep)): i) pretreatment (days 1 to 4, treatment was implemented on day 4), ii) immediate (days 5-10), iii) shorter term (days 11-22), iv) longer term (days 23 to 33)
KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: mesozooplankton carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope δ15N
No full textMesozooplankton (mesoZP) per capita mass, elemental composition and stable N isotopes during the mesocosm experiment in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Depth-integrated (0-2.5m) water samples were taken over the course of 33 days. Metazoan zooplankton were split into three size fractions (55-200, 200-500 and >500 µm), picked into tin cups in groups and C, N and δ15N measured in an element analyser coupled to a mass spectrometer. Particulate organic matter (>0.7µm) was also measured for a comparison of C/N between the bottom of the food web and mesoZP grazers. The upwelling treatment started on day 6. Methodological details in Goldenberg et al. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1015188) and Goldenberg et al. (under review)
KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: mesozooplankton trophic level and fish biomass and feeding
No full textMesozooplankton trophic position (via copepod δ15N) to approximate food web length as well as fish production (via biomass increase) and feeding rate (via stomach content) during the mesocosm experiment in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Copepods >200µm were sampled depth-integrated (0-2.5m) on day 13. At this time, copepods represented the top of the food web as fish were not yet present. Individuals were picked in groups into tin capsules and δ15N measured in a mass spectrometer. Particulate organic matter(>0.7µm) δ15N was also measured to calculate an autotroph baseline. The difference between copepod and autotroph δ15N was used as trophic level proxy. A small pelagic fish (silverside, Atherina presbyter) was introduced to the mesocosms on day 15. On day 18, for a subset of fish, stomachs content was assessed to estimate feeding success. On day 21, all fish were sampled for biomass and abundance. The upwelling treatment started on day 6. Methodological details in Goldenberg et al. (doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.1015188) and Goldenberg et al. (under review)
KOSMOS mesocosm experiment Gran Canaria 2019 on testing the effect of nutrient composition (Si:N) during artificial upwelling: suspended particulate matter
No full textSuspended particulate matter and elemental stoichiometry data from the mesocosms experiment conducted in the Canary Islands in autumn 2019. Depth-integrated (0-2.5m) water samples were taken in 2-days intervals over the course of 33 days. There was no evidence for significant amounts of particulate inorganic carbon, and therefore, POC and TPC measurements were averaged and interpreted as POC. This “POC TPC average” should be used for further analysis. The upwelling treatment started on day 6. Methodological details in Goldenberg et al. (doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.1015188)
KOSMOS 2021 Gran Canaria mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: metazoan zooplankton image-based carbon mass
No full textThis data was collected as a part of a mesocosm study to investigate the ecosystem impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement, within the EU H2020 OceanNETs project. Nine mesocosms were deployed in Taliarte Harbour (Gran Canaria, Spain) and were regularly sampled using integrated water samplers between 10th September-25th October 2021. A gradient design was used in this experiment with a total of nine different alkalinity concentrations. Seawater alkalinity ranged between ambient (0 µeq kg-1 added alkalinity, OAE0) and 2400 µeq kg-1 additional alkalinity (OAE2400). The alkalinity levels increased in equal intervals of 300 µeq kg-1 across nine mesocosms (OAE0, OAE300, OAE600, OAE900, OAE1200, OAE1500, OAE1800, OAE2100, OAE2400). This data set contains image-based, biovolume-derived carbon mass (µgC per individual) of selected metazoan zooplankton taxa from these nine mesocosms. Here are included metazoan zooplankton image-based carbon mass measurements. C mass is calculated from biovolume, which was derived from length and width-based measurements (see Sanchez et al, in prep, for details on conversions). Metazoan zooplankton were sampled with apstein net (ø17cm, mesh size 55µm, 64.06285L) hauls taken every four days (except the first 11 days, when samples were only taken on days 1 and 11). Zooplankton were size fractioned and assessed in the correspondent size class (small: 55-200µm; medium: 200-500µm; large: 500µm-3mm). Only organisms in the medium and large size classes were photographed. The experiment, which lasted 33 days, was divided into four response phases (see Sánchez et al. (in prep)): i) pretreatment (days 1 to 4, treatment was implemented on day 4), ii) immediate (days 5-10), iii) shorter term (days 11-22), iv) longer term (days 23 to 33)
KOSMOS 2021 Gran Canaria mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: particulate matter and metazoan zooplankton fatty acids
No full textThis data was collected as a part of a mesocosm study to investigate the ecosystem impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement, within the EU H2020 OceanNETs project. Nine mesocosms were deployed in Taliarte Harbour (Gran Canaria, Spain) and were regularly sampled using integrated water samplers between 10th September-25th October 2021. A gradient design was used in this experiment with a total of nine different alkalinity concentrations. Seawater alkalinity ranged between ambient (0 µeq kg-1 added alkalinity, OAE0) and 2400 µeq kg-1 additional alkalinity (OAE2400). The alkalinity levels increased in equal intervals of 300 µeq kg-1 across nine mesocosms (OAE0, OAE300, OAE600, OAE900, OAE1200, OAE1500, OAE1800, OAE2100, OAE2400). This data set contains particulate matter and metazoan zooplankton fatty acid concentrations (nanograms of fatty acids per µgC), percent contribution, as well as specific trophic marker and marker ratios (calculated form percent fatty acids), and nutritional indexes (calculated from fatty acid concentrations). Samples with %esterification of 0 excluded. Samples with less than 95-100µg carbon are included, but were not used in our analyses because they are below the c mass recommendation thresholds of the gas chromatograph. This results in an underestimation of minor, but biologically-relevant, fatty acids. Fatty acid concentrations were normalized by carbon concentration in the sample, which derives from particulate matter carbon measurements (POC) and zooplankton biomass (data sets available in PANGAEA). Phases were not included here, since they differed between metazoan zooplankton and particulate matter (see Sanchez et al. in prep. for more info)
Seawater carbonate chemistry and risk-taking behavior in prey (shrimps)
No full textMarine prey and predators will respond to future climate through physiological and behavioral adjustments. However, our understanding of how such direct effects may shift the outcome of predator–prey interactions is still limited. Here, we investigate the effects of ocean warming and acidification on foraging behavior and biomass of a common prey (shrimps, Palaemon spp.) tested in large mesocosms harboring natural resources and habitats. Acidification did not alter foraging behavior in prey. Under warming, however, prey showed riskier behavior by foraging more actively and for longer time periods, even in the presence of a live predator. No effects of longer-term exposure to climate stressors were detected on prey biomass. Our findings suggest that ocean warming may increase the availability of some prey to predators via a behavioral pathway (i.e., increased risk-taking by prey), likely by elevating metabolic demand of prey species
KOSMOS 2021 Gran Canaria mesocosm study on ocean alkalinity enhancement: metazoan zooplankton production
No full textThis data was collected as a part of a mesocosm study to investigate the ecosystem impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement, within the EU H2020 OceanNETs project. Nine mesocosms were deployed in Taliarte Harbour (Gran Canaria, Spain) and were regularly sampled using integrated water samplers between 10th September-25th October 2021. A gradient design was used in this experiment with a total of nine different alkalinity concentrations. Seawater alkalinity ranged between ambient (0 µeq kg-1 added alkalinity, OAE0) and 2400 µeq kg-1 additional alkalinity (OAE2400). The alkalinity levels increased in equal intervals of 300 µeq kg-1 across nine mesocosms (OAE0, OAE300, OAE600, OAE900, OAE1200, OAE1500, OAE1800, OAE2100, OAE2400). This data set contains metazoan zooplankton production rates, calculated by measuring δ13C uptake following an enrichment of the dissolved inorganic carbon pool using 13-C bicarbonate. Secondary production is measured by tracing uptake of 13C from particulate matter (potential food for zooplankton) to metazoan zooplankton, following an enrichment of the dissolved inorganic carbon through 13C-bicarbonate addition on day 11 after sampling (see Sanchez et al (in prep)). We used the following formula, adapted from De Kluivjer et al. (2013) Biogeosciences, and further details can be found on Sánchez et al. (in prep): ((consumer AT%13C t - consumer AT%13C t-n)/(food AT%13C t - consumer AT%13C t-n))*(consumer biomass/time). AT13C of food, or particulate matter (PM), is the average of all measurements between t-n and t. Biomass of consumer (zooplankton) is the average of biomass measurement between t-1 and t+1. Metazoan zooplankton biomass used to calculate production rates is the biomass calculated from abundances and C mass conversion factors (see correspondent data set for more detail). Metazoan zooplankton were sampled for stable isotopes with apstein net (ø17cm, mesh size 55µm, 64.06285L) hauls taken every four days (except the first 11 days, when samples were only taken on days 1 and 11). Zooplankton were size fractioned and assessed in the correspondent size class (small: 55-200µm not assessed for trophic level; medium: 200-500µm; large: 500µm-3mm). Organisms were picked into functional groups within each size class, and their delta 13C isotope signal was measured using a mass spectrometer coupled to an elemental analyser: i) bulk zooplankton (MZP), which consisted of a random mix of all zooplankton, ii) and copepod zooplankton (COP) (copepod zooplankton production could only be calculated in the medium size class due to biomass limitations in the large size class - not enough organisms). Delta 13C stable isotopes were also measured in acidified and non-acidified particulate matter filters (no consistent differences observed between them), assumed as the potential food for zooplankton. Here, we present the atomic percent 13C measurements in dissolved inorganic carbon, particulate matter, and different metazoan zooplankton groups, along with their carbon biomass, and the calculated daily production rates of said metazoan zooplankton groups (see Sanchez et al. in prep for further details on calculations).The experiment, which lasted 33 days, was divided into four response phases (see Sánchez et al. (in prep)): i) pretreatment (days 1 to 4, treatment was implemented on day 4), ii) immediate (days 5-10), iii) shorter term (days 11-22), iv) longer term (days 23 to 33)
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