857 research outputs found
Poster presentation: The time course of image memorability
No full textSome images we see stick in mind, while others fade. Recent studies of visual memory have found remarkable levels of consistency for this inter-item variability across observers. This suggests that memorability can be considered an intrinsic image property. Most of these studies quantified the memorability of an image as the proportion of participants recognizing it in a repeat-detection memory task. The retention interval in this task is typically quite short (e.g., 4 min.), although one
previous study increased it to 40 min. and found some evidence for the consistency of image memorability over time. The current study sought to further evaluate this consistency with a more traditional visual long-term memory task. Participants studied 342 previously quantified images and completed a first recognition test immediately after. Two additional recognition tests followed one day and one week later. A Latin square design enabled us to quantify the memorability of each image at each retention interval without testing participants for the same image twice. Our
memorability scores show levels of consistency across observers in line with those reported in previous research. They correlate strongly with previous quantifications (rhos between .52–.76 at the shortest interval) and appear stable over time (rhos between .52–.69).sponsorship: PhD Fellowship of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), granted to Lore Goetschalckx (Grant 1108116N).
Methusalem grant awarded to Johan Wagemans by the Flemish Government (METH/14/02)status: Publishe
Poster presentation: Towards a better understanding of image memorability
No full textSome images stick in mind, while others fade. Recent studies have found remarkable levels of consistency for this inter-item variability across observers, suggesting memorability can be considered an intrinsic image property. Besides evident practical implications, a better understanding of this property might elucidate the interaction between perception and memory. My poster presents the results of two initial studies of a broader project. The first sought to further evaluate the consistency with an old/new-recognition memory task consisting of a study phase and a delayed test phase, instead of the repeat-detection task used up till now. We tested three retention intervals (20 min, 1 day, 1 week) and found high levels of consistency across observers at all three. Moreover, our memorability rank scores correlated well with those previously reported and stayed relatively stable across retention intervals. The second investigated the relation between memorability and inter-item variability in a rapid-scene categorization task. Participants briefly saw a scene followed by a label and had to indicate whether the label matched the scene. We calculated an image’s “categorizability” score as the proportion of correct responses on congruent trials. These scores showed high levels of consistency, suggesting categorizability can be considered an intrinsic image property too. However, we did not observe a correlation between categorizability and memorability, suggesting the ease with which an image can be categorized relies on features distinct from those involved in memorability. Finally, my poster also presents plans for a study using information in the middle layers of CNNs to predict memorability.sponsorship: This work was supported by a personal fellowship awarded to Lore Goetschalckx by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO; Grant 1108116N) and by a Methusalem grant awarded to Johan Wagemans by the Flemish Government (METH/14/02).status: Publishe
MemCat: a new category-based image set quantified on memorability
No full textImages differ in their memorability in consistent ways across observers. What makes an image memorable is not fully understood to date. Most of the current insight is in terms of high-level semantic aspects, related to the content. However, research still shows consistent differences within semantic categories, suggesting a role for factors at other levels of processing in the visual hierarchy. To aid investigations into this role as well as contributions to the understanding of image memorability more generally, we present MemCat. MemCat is a category-based image set, consisting of 10K images representing five broader, memorability-relevant categories (animal, food, landscape, sports, and vehicle) and further divided into subcategories (e.g., bear). They were sampled from existing source image sets that offer bounding box annotations or more detailed segmentation masks. We collected memorability scores for all 10 K images, each score based on the responses of on average 99 participants in a repeat-detection memory task. Replicating previous research, the collected memorability scores show high levels of consistency across observers. Currently, MemCat is the second largest memorability image set and the largest offering a category-based structure. MemCat can be used to study the factors underlying the variability in image memorability, including the variability within semantic categories. In addition, it offers a new benchmark dataset for the automatic prediction of memorability scores (e.g., with convolutional neural networks). Finally, MemCat allows the study of neural and behavioral correlates of memorability while controlling for semantic category.sponsorship: This work was supported by a personal fellowship by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) awarded to Lore Goetschalckx (Grant 1108116N), and by a Methusalem grant awarded to Johan Wagemans by the Flemish Government (METH/14/02). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. (Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO)|1108116N, Flemish Government|METH/14/02)status: Publishe
Image memorability across longer time intervals
No full textYou may find some images easier to remember than others. Recent studies of visual memory have found remarkable levels of consistency for this inter-item variability across observers, suggesting that memorability can be considered an intrinsic image property. The current study replicated and extended previous results, while adopting a more traditional visual longterm memory task with retention intervals of 20 min, one day, and one week, as opposed to
the previously used repeat-detection task, which typically relied on short retention intervals (5 min). Our memorability rank scores show levels of consistency across observers in line with those reported in previous research. They correlate strongly with previous quantifications and
appear stable over time. Furthermore, we show that the way consistency of memorability scores increases with the number of responses per image follows the Spearman–Brown
formula. Interestingly, our results also seem to show an increase in consistency with an increase in retention interval. Supported by simulated data, this effect is attributed to a decrease of extraneous influences on recognition over time. Finally, we also provide evidence
for a log-linear, rather than linear, decline of the raw memorability scores over time, with more memorable images declining less strongly.sponsorship: This work was supported by a personal fellowship awarded to Lore Goetschalckx by the Research Foundation - Flanders (Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO)) [grant number 1108116N] and by a Methusalem grant awarded to Johan Wagemans by the Flemish Government [METH/14/02]. (Research Foundation - Flanders (Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO))|1108116N, Flemish Government|METH/14/02)status: Publishe
AHC Interview with Lore Lizbeth Waller
No full textLore Lizbeth Waller, 2003The photographer Lore Lizbeth Waller was born in 1918 in Vienna, Austria. She attended the prestigious “Schwarzwaldschule” and studied photography in Vienna. After the Anschluss to Nazi Germany in 1938 Lore moved with her mother and younger sister to their relatives in Czechoslowakia. With the help of her mother’s friend she was able to obtain a permit as a domestic servant in England. She left for England in March of 1939. After the war she worked for the Civil Censorship Division (CCD) in post-war Germany and got a position as a photographer for “Stars and Stripes”. In 1952 she moved with her husband to the United States. The author lives in California.Austrian Heritage CollectionSee also Lore Waller's memoirs "View from a Distance" in the LBI library (DS 135 A93 W35 1993
Poster presentation: Are memorable images easier to categorize rapidly and do they survive shrinking better?
No full textSome images are intrinsically more memorable than others (e.g., Isola et al., 2014) but the features making them memorable are not yet well understood. Based on the hypothesis that memorability depends on perceptual organization, we present two studies in which we ask whether (i) more memorable images are also easier to categorize rapidly, and (ii) whether they survive shrinking to thumbnail size better.
We used meaningful real-life scene photographs from a previous memorability study (Bylinskii et al., 2015). In the rapid-categorization study, on each trial such an image (32 ms) was presented, directly followed by a mask (80 ms) and a category label. Participants indicated whether the label matched the image. An image's 'categorizability'-score was calculated as the proportion of correct responses on yes-trials. In the shrinking study, a regular-sized image, surrounded by nine thumbnails was presented on each trial. Participants had to locate the shrunken version of the middle image as fast as possible. An image's 'shrinkability'-score was the mean RT across correct responses.
Most categories showed high consistency (mean split-half Spearman's ρ up to .90) for both output variables, suggesting these are intrinsic image properties too. However, the predicted correlation with memorability was only observed for shrinkability (ρ = -.22), not for categorizability (ρ = -.05). To rule out distinctiveness as a confounding variable for the absence and/or presence of the observed correlations, we are currently quantifying the images on that variable. This additional analysis might provide a deeper insight into the current, unexpected pattern of results.sponsorship: PhD Fellowship of the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), granted to Lore Goetschalckx (Grant 1108116N). Methusalem grant awarded to Johan Wagemans by the Flemish Government (METH/14/02)status: Publishe
Increasing the Diversity in RGB-to-Thermal Image Translation for Automotive Applications
No full textDemystifying Stuttering Lore
No full textStuttering is an extremely complex and often misunderstood disorder. Marcel Wingate has been a prolific author in the area of fluency disorders for over 40 years. The primary aims of his book, Foundations of Stuttering, are to debunk prevailing lore about the disorder of stuttering and to present evidence that supports stuttering as a disorder of speech control. To this end, common misperceptions about stuttering are highlighted and extensive literature reviews have been undertaken and, importantly, the stance presented in the book is supported by recent neuroimaging investigations that have demonstrated neural correlates for stuttering (e.g., Fox et al., 2000; Ingham, Fox, Costello Ingham, & Zamarripa, 2000; Sommer, Koch, Paulus, Weiller, & Buchel, 2002). The author emphasises that the study of stuttering must be approached from a reference point of what is known about speech and its production. The book is divided into four parts and within each section are a number of chapters pertaining to particular themes. At the end of each chapter is a useful and concise summary.No Full Tex
Lore of Running
No full textThis updated version of Lore of Running covers everything runners, trainers, and coaches want to know about running from physiology, training, and history to health and medical considerations. Author Timothy Noakes, himself a runner, research scientist, and physician, presents comprehensive information that is firmly based on science but written in a down-to-earth way that every layperson can understand. Part I of Lore of Running explores the physiology of running. In Part II, Noakes considers all aspects of training for running. Part III, Health and Medical Considerations, provides complete information about recognizing avoiding and treating injuries.https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/prairiestriders_pubs/1207/thumbnail.jp
Family Lore and Believability in Historical Fiction
No full textThis thesis began with a story of family lore about life at the Manhattan Project plant site at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The artist\u27s statement tells the story of lore passed down from grandmother to granddaughter during a road trip. As the family lore was written down on the page, the question of how to write believable historical fiction arose. Limitations in the research showed gaps in the narrative that the author needed to fill in. The critical theory paper evaluates how those research gaps can be used as opportunities for the craft of writing to bring this family story to life. Finally, the application of the research and family lore meet in the creative manuscript, Oak Ridge
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