218,217 research outputs found

    Distributive concerns when replacing a pay-as-you-go system with a fully funded system

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    The author uses a simulation model to quantify the impact on income distribution of having a neutral social security program that is fully funded replace a progressive social security program that redistributes income toward the poor but is financed by a pay-as-you-go method. He finds that if the original pay-as-you-go system is large enough to yield an income replacement rate of at least 40 percent for the middle class and 200 percent for the poor, then the proposed change helps the poor in the long run, so long as public debt does not increase by more than 40 percent of GDP during the transition. Such a reform allows an increase in the capital stock per worker, so in the long run the poor benefit more through higher real wages than they lose because progressive redistribution has ended. In the short run, however, a compensatory program is needed because the poor lose their subsidy before receiving the long-term benefit. In most cases, the 40 percent of GDP available from the increase in public debt is enough to finance a transfer program that compensates the poor in the"short"run (the first 50 years). The author concludes that concern about the welfare of the poor is unwarranted, in both the short and long runs, if the compensatory program is implemented.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Safety Nets and Transfers,Services&Transfers to Poor,Rural Poverty Reduction

    Willingness to Pay for the Preservation of Lo Go - Xa Mat National Park in Vietnam

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    Lo Go - Xa Mat National Park has great value in terms of biodiversity but preserving the park is a great challenge for the Vietnamese government. This study estimated the willingness to pay of households to preserve Lo Go - Xa Mat National Park, using the contingent valuation method. We employed the single-bounded dichotomous choice question format to estimate how much households in Ho Chi Minh City were willing to contribute towards a preservation plan for the park. This plan comprised twelve preservation activities and compensating the local communities for their foregone income. The study found that households in Ho Chi Minh City were willing to pay at least VND 6,209 per month for three years for the preservation of Lo Go - Xa Mat National Park. With protest votes included, factors strongly affecting households' willingness to pay were bid amount and the amount of their monthly electricity bill. The education level of the respondents and the number of working people in the household had significant but lesser impact on their willingness to pay. Without protest votes, the bid amount, monthly electricity bill amount and education level of respondents significantly affected willingness to pay. We found that the annualized benefit value of the project was larger than its annualized cost. This indicated that the preservation plan was economically viable. This study does not provide the total value of Lo Go - Xa Mat National Park, but it shows the great value of the park in terms of local households' willingness to pay for its preservation and this is important information for policy-makers in deciding how to protect the park efficiently.willingness to pay, Vietnam

    GO-modified flexible polymer nanocomposites fabricated via 3D stereolithography

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    Graphene oxide (GO) induced enhancement of elastomer properties showed a great deal of potential in recent years, but it is still limited by the barrier of the complicated synthesis processes. Stereolithography (SLA), used in fabrication of thermosets and very recently in “flexible” polymers with elastomeric properties, presents itself as simple and user-friendly method for integration of GO into elastomers. In this work, it was first time demonstrated that GO loadings can be incorporated into commercial flexible photopolymer resins to successfully fabricate GO/elastomer nanocomposites via readily accessible, consumer-oriented SLA printer. The material properties of the resulting polymer was characterized and tested. The mechanical strength, stiffness, and the elongation of the resulting polymer decreased with the addition of GO. The thermal properties were also adversely affected upon the increase in the GO content based on differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis results. It was proposed that the GO agglomerates within the 3D printed composites, can result in significant change in both mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposites. This study demonstrated the possibility for the development of the GO/elastomer nanocomposites after the optimization of the GO/“flexible” photoreactive resin formulation for SLA with suitable annealing process of the composite in future

    Go for Broke, 1943-1993

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    A booklet published to "commemorate the observance of the 50th Golden Anniversary of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team (RCT), and attempts to highlight the Go for Broke tradition of the men of the 442nd." Articles record accounts of Nisei veterans from various military companies. The articles cover the time from the formation of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, their military experience during the operations, and the battle against discrimination and injustice. Includes images of Nisei soldiers during the war.The Henry Y. Ikemoto Collection contains correspondence, photographs, articles, chronologies, rosters, books, booklets, programs, reunion yearbook, and album. It depicts Americans of Japanese ancestry’s military service, mainly Anti-Tank Company, 100th Infantry Battalion, 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and Military Intelligence Service. It also describes activities by organizations and reunions of Japanese American veterans and the Rohwer incarceration camp

    GO-modified flexible polymer nanocomposites fabricated via 3D stereolithography

    No full text
    Graphene oxide (GO) induced enhancement of elastomer properties showed a great deal of potential in recent years, but it is still limited by the barrier of the complicated synthesis processes. Stereolithography (SLA), used in fabrication of thermosets and very recently in “flexible” polymers with elastomeric properties, presents itself as simple and user-friendly method for integration of GO into elastomers. In this work, it was first time demonstrated that GO loadings can be incorporated into commercial flexible photopolymer resins to successfully fabricate GO/elastomer nanocomposites via readily accessible, consumer-oriented SLA printer. The material properties of the resulting polymer was characterized and tested. The mechanical strength, stiffness, and the elongation of the resulting polymer decreased with the addition of GO. The thermal properties were also adversely affected upon the increase in the GO content based on differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis results. It was proposed that the GO agglomerates within the 3D printed composites, can result in significant change in both mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting nanocomposites. This study demonstrated the possibility for the development of the GO/elastomer nanocomposites after the optimization of the GO/“flexible” photoreactive resin formulation for SLA with suitable annealing process of the composite in future

    GO-based grouping of proteins that change during desiccation.

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    (A) Gene ontology (GO)-based analysis and grouping of proteins into functional categories. The bubble plot shows GO analysis of proteins up-regulated in desiccated eggs (black), equally expressed in fresh and desiccated eggs (grey) and proteins down-regulated in desiccated eggs (light grey). The rich factor indicated in the y-axis was calculated as the ratio of number of proteins annotated in a particular GO term to the total number proteins in that GO term. The colour of each bubble represents the corrected p-values (Benjamini correction) of each term involved in the analysis. The size of each bubble represents the number of proteins identified in this study belonging to the specific GO term. S2 Table lists all the enriched GO terms. (EPS)</p

    ESTUDIO DE SUBSTRATOS PLASMÓNICOS EN AUSENCIA Y PRESENCIA DE GRAFENO OXIDADO (GO) PARA ESPECTROSCOPÍA SERS

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    "Los substratos SERS 3D estudiados en este trabajo, fueron fabricados en presencia de nanocelulosa bacteriana (BC) con nanopartículas metálicas de plata (Ag), oro (Au), silicio (Si) y grafeno oxidado (GO) por una vía de preparación in situ fácil, rápida y económica. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran la capacidad del GO de generar mayor producción de nanopartículas metálicas en el substrato, además de servir como trampa para concentrar una gran cantidad de nanopartículas generando lugares de alta mejora producidos por plasmónes. Las nanopartículas metálicas y el GO reducen los efectos de fluorescencia en la molécula analito FITC.

    On the decision to go public: Evidence from privately-held firms

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    We test recent theories of when companies go public which predict that 1) more companies will go public when outside valuations are high or have increased, 2) companies prefer going public when uncertainty about their future profitability is high, and 3) firms whose controlling shareholders enjoy large private benefits of control are less likely to go public. Our analysis tracks a set of 330 privately-held German firms which between 1984 and 1995 announced their intention to go public to see whether, when, and how they subsequently sold equity to outside investors. Controlling for private benefits, we find that the likelihood of firms completing an initial public offering increases in the firm's investment opportunities and valuations. We also show that these effects are distinct from factors that increase firms' demand for outside capital more generally. --Going public decision,IPO timing,Private benefits,Family firms

    Fractal Go

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    Trabajo de clase de la asignatura Sistemas Informáticos (Facultad de Informática, Curso 2004-2005)El objetivo de este proyecto es desarrollar una aplicación que, mediante técnicas de inteligencia artificial sea capaz de jugar al Go, ofreciendo las posibilidades de juego humano vs humano, humano vs cpu y cpu vs cpu. Para ello, diferenciamos entre las distintas fases del juego (apertura, medio y final), guardando en una base de datos la disposición de los tableros correspondientes, y complementándolo con un módulo de aprendizaje para añadir nuevo conocimiento. Hemos dividido la carga de trabajo que supone jugar al Go entre distintos procesadores y hemos incorporado a nuestra aplicación la capacidad de comunicarse con otras utilizando el Go Text Protocol (GTP), desarrollado dentro del proyecto GNU Go y utilizado para la interconexión de distintas implementaciones de este juego. [ABSTRACT] The object of the project is to develop an application that can play Go using artificial intelligence techniques and offering human vs human, human vs cpu and cpu vs cpu modes. In order to get it, we distinguish between the different phases of the game (opening, medium and ending), storing patterns in a data base and using it properly. We have divided the work-load among different processors and our applicaction has the cappability of communicating with other applications by using the GTP (Go Text Protocol), which is developed by the GNU Go project and used to interconnect different Go programs.Depto. de Sistemas Informáticos y ComputaciónFac. de InformáticaTRUEunpu
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