17 research outputs found
A hajléktalan gyermekek és fiatalok számára nyújtandó traumainformált tanácsadás lehetőségei Zimbabwében
No full textThis article explores the role of trauma-informed counselling for homeless children and youths in Zimbabwe, a demographic group profoundly impacted by systematic poverty, family disintegration, and social exclusion. The study explores how homelessness affects their physical, mental and emotional well-being, influencing their behavior and shaping their coping mechanisms. The author emphasizes that trauma-informed counselling is an essential approach in the lives of young people going through the traumatic experiences of homelessness. The study examines how trauma-informed principles can guide therapeutic interventions, inform social policies, and empower both the practitioners and the youths. Integrating trauma-informed counselling principles, such as safety, trustworthiness, empowerment, and cultural relevance in youth shelters, community organizations, and health services leads to improved client engagement among homeless youths. The study underscores the importance of community-driven models, youth mentorship, and policy-level interventions to ensure sustainable psychosocial support.A tanulmány a traumainformált tanácsadás szerepét vizsgálja a zimbabwei hajléktalan gyermekek és fiatalok körében: egy olyan demográfiai csoportban, amelyet mélyen érint a rendszerszintű szegénység, a családok felbomlása és a társadalmi kirekesztés. A hajléktalanság befolyásolja a személyek fizikai, mentális és érzelmi jóllétét, ugyanakkor hatással van a viselkedésükre és alakítja a megküzdési mechanizmusaikat. A szerző felhívja a figyelmet arra, hogy a traumára érzékeny szemléletű tanácsadás elengedhetetlen azoknak az esetében, akik olyan traumás élményeken mennek keresztül, mint a hajléktalanság. Vizsgálja, hogy a traumainformált alapelvek hogyan irányíthatják a terápiás beavatkozásokat, hogyan befolyásolhatják a szociálpolitikát, és hogyan erősíthetik mind a szociális szakemberek, mind a fiatalok pozícióját. A traumára érzékeny tanácsadás alapelvei, mint például a biztonság, a megbízhatóság, az önállóság és a kulturális relevancia integrálása a fiatalok számára létesített menhelyeken, a közösségi szervezetekben és az egészségügyi szolgáltatásokban javítja a hajléktalan fiatalok kezelés melletti elköteleződését. A tanulmány hangsúlyozza a közösségvezérelt modellek, a fiatalok mentorálása és a politikai szintű beavatkozások fontosságát – a fenntartható pszichoszociális támogatás biztosítása érdekében
The nexus of international humanitarian law and international human rights law application and enforcement in a non-international armed conflict: A study of the Mozambican armed conflict
No full textMozambique has experienced armed violence since its independence from the Portuguese. There has been a persistent security crisis perpetuated by different ideologies from Frelimo and Renamo, and, more recently, the inception of the Islamist armed group Al-Shabaab. As a result of armed clashes civilians have been succumbing to all forms of human rights violations including but not limited to maiming, torture, abduction, killings, all forms of sexual assault, and denial to access humanitarian assistance. The intensity and organization of these armed groups have given room for the application of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in Mozambique's armed conflict. The paper relies on a qualitative methodology to investigate the complementarity of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in the Mozambican armed conflict. The study seeks to assess the extent of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights' application and enforcement in ensuring comprehensive protection of civilians in Mozambique. The author concludes that there is a nexus between International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in Mozambique's armed conflict, and that the complementary relationship has not ensured comprehensive protection of civilians
Adaptation of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children—2nd edition (KABC-II) to assess school-age neurodevelopment in rural Zimbabwe
No full textThere remains an urgent need for neurodevelopment assessment tools that can be applied in low-resource settings, where over 250 million children remain at risk of poor cognitive development. This project describes the adaptation of two subtests (pattern reasoning and story completion) within the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children--2nd edition (KABC-II) for use in rural Zimbabwean children aged 7 years, both within the planning domain
Adaptation of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children—2nd edition (KABC-II) to assess school-age neurodevelopment in rural Zimbabwe
No full textThere remains an urgent need for neurodevelopment assessment tools that can be applied in low-resource settings, where over 250 million children remain at risk of poor cognitive development. This project describes the adaptation of two subtests (pattern reasoning and story completion) within the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children--2nd edition (KABC-II) for use in rural Zimbabwean children aged 7 years, both within the planning domain
Adaptation of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children—2nd edition (KABC-II) to assess school-age neurodevelopment in rural Zimbabwe
No full textThere remains an urgent need for neurodevelopment assessment tools that can be applied in low-resource settings, where over 250 million children remain at risk of poor cognitive development. This project describes the adaptation of two subtests (pattern reasoning and story completion) within the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children--2nd edition (KABC-II) for use in rural Zimbabwean children aged 7 years, both within the planning domain
Piloting the adaptation of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children—2nd edition (KABC-II) to assess school-age neurodevelopment in rural Zimbabwe [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
No full textBackground Neurodevelopment assessment tools for low-resource settings are urgently needed. However, most available tools were developed in high-income settings and may lack cross-cultural validity. Methods We piloted and adapted two subtests within the planning domain of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children-2nd edition (KABC-II) for use in rural Zimbabwean children aged 7years. After initial assessments of face validity, we created 4 substitutions for the story completion subtest and 7 additions for the pattern reasoning subtest through a co-design process with fieldworkers and child development experts. To assess how successful the changes were, T-tests adjusting for unequal variances were used to compare scores between the original and adapted versions of the same subtest. ANOVA and pairwise analysis was performed to compare the performance of KABC-II subtests across domains. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to explore the variability between domains. Results Initial test scores on the planning domain were significantly lower than the other three domains of learning, sequential memory and simultaneous reasoning (P<0.001) in 50 children (mean age 7.6(SD 0.2) years). Modified subtests were administered to another 20 children (mean age 7.6(SD 0.2) years), who showed story completion scores that were 0.7 marks higher (95% CI 0.0, 1.4; P=0.05) and pattern reasoning scores 1.8 marks higher (95% CI 0.5, 3.2; P=0.01). Overall, the planning domain mean score increased from 8.1 (SD 2.9) to 10.6 (SD 3.4). The intra class correlation coefficient between all four KABC-II domains was initially 0.43 (95% CI 0.13, 0.64) and after modification was 0.69 (95% CI 0.37, 0.87), suggesting an increase in the construct validity. Conclusions The KABC-II planning domain was successfully adapted to improve cross-cultural validity. Construct validity was enhanced, based on increased inter-correlations among scales. The process of co-design to modify tests for new settings may be beneficial for other commonly used neurodevelopmental tools
Baseline characteristics of participants, household and selected adversity factors in the sample.
No full textBaseline characteristics of participants, household and selected adversity factors in the sample.</p
SAHARAN toolbox results describing cognition results and their association with growth and physical function.
No full text(a-c): Internal consistency showed MPI (Mental processing index) was associated with increasing School achievement test (SAT) and faster fine motor completion time but not with strength and difficulties (SDQ) score. (d & e): MPI was not associated with growth parameters of HAZ or head circumference. (f): Faster fine motor function was associated with increased bio-impedance phase angle (a marker of cellular health and membrane quality).</p
S1 File -
No full textThis provides further detail on the background of the measurement tools (S1 Table), cognitive tests (S2 Table), body composition (S3 Table), physical function tests (S4 Table) and caregiver questionnaire (S5 Table). Correlation coefficients between growth variable are also presented (S6 Table) and associations between the individual physical function tests (S7 Table) and between the individual cognitive function tests (S8 Table). Exploratory analysis between growth and physical function tests are shown (S9 Table), and also the exposures of schooling years and child socioemotional score on cognitive function tests (S10 Table). Exploratory associations between growth variables and cognitive function tests are presented (S11 Table). S1 Fig demonstrates the application of the SAHARAN Toolbox in photographs. S2 Fig portrays the associations explored between individual physical function tests and between individual cognitive function tests. S3 Fig shows a diagram exploring the associations of key growth variables on total physical function, and also HAZ and WAZ growth exposures on each individual physical function test. S4 Fig presents a diagram exploring the associations between exposures of years of schooling and child’s socioemotional support on each individual cognitive function test. S5 Fig demonstrates the associations between key growth variables as exposures on cognitive function tests as an outcome. (DOCX)</p
SAHARAN toolbox results describing growth, body composition and their association with physical function.
No full text(a) Total skinfold thickness was strongly associated with WAZ since fat mass increases with weight. (b & c): Total skinfold thickness was not associated with HAZ or LMI. (d): Lean mass index (LMI) was highly associated with weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ), due to increasing lean mass with weight. (e): LMI was not associated with height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) as LMI adjusts for the contribution of height to lean mass. (f): Total physical score (TPS) was strongly associated with LMI showing the positive contribution of lean mass to physical function independent of height. (g): Total physical function score (TPS) was highly associated with increasing HAZ, as lean mass increases with height. (h): TPS was not associated with Body Mass Index Z-score (BMI-Z) because of differing contributions from both fat and lean mass.(i): TPS was not associated with skinfold thickness, with a possible trend suggesting skinfold thickness may negatively contribute to total physical function.</p
