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    The Medici children: (Florence, XVI-XVII centuries): anthropological study and proposal of identification

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    Exploration of the Medici chapels in San Lorenzo in Florence revealed the burials of nine infantile members of the Medici family. Eight children were found in the intact tomb of the last Grand Duke Giangastone (1671-1737). The crypt contained several small coffins collapsed to the floor or randomly spread over a raised plank, as a result of the disastrous flood of the Arno river in 1966, which partly upset the tomb and left a layer of dry mould. The children’s remains, mostly skeletonised, were found inside the coffins or scattered on the floor or on the plank, probably transported by the water. Another child was exhumed from the chapel of Grand Duke Ferdinand I (1549-1609) and Cristina from Lorena (1565-1636). The infantile remains were submitted to anthropological study, which allowed to establish the number of individuals buried in the crypt, and to estimate the age at death. The anthropological results were compared with information provided by archival documents, related to members of the family who died in infantile age. An identification of the children is proposed

    I bambini dei Medici (Firenze, XVI-XVII secolo): studio antropologico e proposta di identificazione

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    L’esplorazione delle Cappelle Medicee in San Lorenzo a Firenze ha rivelato le sepolture di nove bambini appartenenti alla famiglia Medici. Otto individui subadulti sono stati trovati nella tomba dell’ultimo Granduca Giangastone (1671-1737). La cripta conteneva diverse piccole casse collassate sul pavimento o distribuite su una seduta in muratura, come conseguenza dell’inondazione dell’Arno avvenuta nel 1966 che ha sconvolto la tomba e ha lasciato uno strato di fango secco. I resti infantili, per la maggior parte scheletrizzati, sono stati rinvenuti all’interno delle casse oppure sparsi sul pavimento o sulla seduta, probabilmente spostati dall’acqua. Un altro soggetto infantile è stato esumato dalla cappella del Granduca Ferdinando I (1549-1609) e Cristina di Lorena (1565-1636). I resti dei bambini sono stati sottoposti allo studio antropologico, che ha permesso di stabilire il numero degli individui sepolti nella cripta di Giangastone, e di determinare l’età di morte. I risultati antropologici sono stati messi a confronto con le informazioni fornite dai documenti d’archivio, che riguardano i membri della famiglia morti in età infantile. Si avanza una proposta di identificazione

    Autopsy and embalming of the Medici Grand Dukes of Florence (16th-18th centuries)

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    The exploration of the Medici tombs in Florence allowed us to study 20 individuals, currently skeletonized but originally almost all artificial mummies. Accurate examination of the skeletons revealed evident signs of autopsy and embalming, such as thin incisions of the external skull, horizontal and oblique craniotomies, longitudinal and transversal cuts of the sternum, and sectioning of the sternal extremities of the ribs. Study of these skeletons offers important information on the autopsy and embalming techniques of the 16th century court surgeons. Finally, the finding of an entire internal cast of the mummy of a 5-year-old child witnesses on the different types of plants and substances used to embalm the bodies in Florence during the Renaissance
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