340 research outputs found
Polycystic ovary syndrome and cardiovascular disease.
No full textThe aim of the present paper is to analyze recent literature concerning the incidence of cardiovascular complications in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study takes into consideration all the studies that have been published to date in the international literature in order to clarify whether or not PCOS is able to determine an early onset or whether it is responsible for a higher global incidence of cardiovascular complications in adult age. The main difficulty lies in the absence of prospective studies owing to the long period of time existing between the diagnosis of PCOS and cardiovascular disease which notoriously has a long latency period. Much attention has been paid in the literature, on the other hand, to the analysis of the incidence of cardiovascular risk factors in women suffering from PCOS. Although epidemiological studies have not evidenced an increased incidence of death from cardiovascular events in women suffering from PCOS, the above conclusions might well be invalidated by a patient selection bias, by obsolete diagnostic criteria or by medical or surgical therapies that could influence the outcome of the disease and which are not considered as a confusion factor. Undoubtedly, all the data available up to the present suggest that PCOS possesses the intrinsic conditions that lead to an increased incidence of factors predisposing to cardiovascular diseases. Future longitudinal studies of a prospective nature might be useful for understanding whether the higher incidence of predisposing factors might also lead to greater expectation of cardiovascular events or whether medical therapies or other factors (improvement in endocrine symptomatology with the menopause?) may prevent the increase in the expected incidence of these events
DOES GESTATIONAL DIABETES REPRESENT AN OBSTETRICAL RISK FACTOR
No full textIn order to assess the clinical consequences of gestational diabetes in the index pregnancy, a group of patients with positive oral glucose challenge test and their matched controls have been closely followed up. No differences in perinatal outcome have been pointed out, except for the higher rate (p < 0.01) among diabetic patients of preterm delivery and pregnancy-induced hypertension. The prevalence of the latter has shown no relationship to maternal obesity. In view of these data, the future risk of cardiovascular disease of this cohort of patients needs to be assessed with a follow-up study
Myomectomy during pregnancy: an obstetric overview
No full textINTRODUCTION: Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign disease affecting female reproductive system, and occurring in 20-40% of women, and in 10% of pregnancies. The aim of the investigation was to summarize evidence about the management and treatment of UFs and related complications in pregnancy.EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A literature review was performed using scientific databases, including all case report and case series, using a combination of key words related to the problem exposed. Data about gestational age at diagnosis. maximum fibroids diameter, type of surgery and gestational age at surgery, delivery and perinatal outcome were collected. Two clinical cases were also included.EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Sixty-six articles were selected, and 199 patients were included. In 76% of patients the gestational age at myomectomy was lower than 20 weeks, in 85% laparotomic surgery was chosen, in 41% of cases the maximum fibroid diameter was between 7-20 cm, in 41% of pregnancies the route of delivery was the Cesarean section. In the eight percent of cases there was a complication given by miscarriage, fetal demise or neonatal death.CONCLUSIONS: Myomectomy is a feasible procedure in those pregnancies complicated by symptomatic fibroids, though surgery in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications
Effects of ovarian endometrioma on IVF cycles. When is laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy helpful?
No full textUnusual Multiple Recurrence of Lipschütz Ulcer of the Vulva in a Young Woman: Case Report and Review of the Literature
No full textCase: A case of 23-year-old woman, virgin, presenting a painful ulcerated vulvar lesion of the vestibular mucosa, with characteristics of Lipschütz ulcer, is reported. Lab tests showed no significant abnormalities, positivity for IgG of HSV1, rubeola, and VZV (with very high title: 2700 mUI/ml), positivity for EBV IgG of VCA and EBNA components and IgM negative (indicating a past infection serologic profile). A moderate insufficiency of Vitamin D was found. A treatment with topical antibiotics and oral antinflammatory drugs was planned and healing was complete without scars in less than 2 weeks. During a period of 6 months the lesion relapsed twice, with the same benign course of the first episode. DISCUSSION: such homogeneous clinical pattern is related to a heterogeneous etiologic spectrum, in which Epstein-Barr virus appears somehow prevalent, but not exclusive, as demonstrated by review of the literature. It is important to have well in mind this differential diagnosis, as Lipschütz ulcer may be overestimated and treated as for other more alarming causes of genital ulceration, with more complicated and unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. These four points must be stressed: (1) Acute mononucleosis should always be in a clinician's differential diagnosis of Acute Genital Ulcer (AGU); (2) Failure to consider causes other than genital aphthosis (Behçet) or herpes may expose patients and their family to unnecessary investigations, treatments, and stress; (3) The symptoms of AGU are essentially nonspecific; (4) The physiopathology and aetiology of nonherpetic AGU still constitute broadly unexplored research fields in which further prospective clinical and microbiological studies are needed. Moreover, according to the findings of the reported case, a recurrent Lipschutz ulcer of the vulva in a young women could be related to Herpes Simplex or Varicella Zoster virus
In vitro maturation of primordial follicles after cryopreservation of human ovarian tissue: Problems remain
No full textClinical function of estrogen receptors in endometrial cancer.
No full textApproximately 70-80% of endometrial carcinomas, type I carcinomas, are associated with endometrial hyperplasia, hyperestrogenism, and expression of estrogen receptor (ER). The aim of this review was to clarify the role of ER in endometrial diseases carcinoma. The estrogens exert their effect via two estrogen receptor: α and β. The ERs modulate transcriptional process by binding directly to the estrogen response elements (ERE) located in the target gene, or in non classical mode through protein-protein tethering with other transcription factors. There are also orphan receptors (their natural ligands have not been identified). Among this group, estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) were identified by their sequences similar to those of ERs. Since the ERRs have shown a high similarity in DNA binding domain with ERs can interfere with estrogen signalling strengthening the hypothesis of an estrogen-ER-ERR crosstalk. Recently, the ERs and estrogen enzymes emerge as pharmacological targets in different disorders, as well as ERRs, and they may represent the reliable biomarkers in endometrial disease
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