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Behavioural and biochemical stress responses of Cherax quadricarinatus after exposure to acoustic signal in tank
No full textAnthropogenic sound is recognized as a major environmental stressor that, in the long term, can have negative consequences on species. In recent years, there has been growing attention to the potential negative impact of noise pollution on species, with great concern about the significance of impacts on aquatic animal life. This study examined the effects of acoustic stress on the behavior and biochemical parameters of the freshwater shrimp Cherax quadricarinatus.
The experiment was conducted in a tank equipped with an audio and video recording system using ten groups (five control and five test) of three adult shrimp (30 animals in total). Animals in the test group were exposed to acoustic signals [a linear sweep from 1 to 20 kHz lasting 1 s, with a sound pressure level between 138 and 157 dBrms (re 1lParms)] for 45 minutes. Behavioral parameters such as, total acoustic signals emitted, movement velocity, angular velocity, distance moved, no. of fights, encounters, tail flip and biochemical parameters such as pH, osmolarity, protein concentration and enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, esterase and peroxidase) were evaluated. Exposure to the acoustic signal produced significant changes on the specie's total acoustic signals emitted and no. of fights. Enzyme activities show significant changes, with significantly lower values in stressed animals. These results suggest that high-frequency stimuli induce both a behavioural and physiological response, thus suggesting that acoustic stress may have an effect on the species
EFFECTS OF ACUSTIC STRESS ON BIOCHEMICAL AND MOBILITY PARAMETERS AND BEHAVIOUR IN THE CRAYFISH, CHERAX DESTRUCTOR
No full textBiological responses to high-frequency sound in a freshwater crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus
No full textAnthropogenic noise is recognised as an important environmental stressor that can have longterm negative consequences on species. In recent years, there has been increasing attention to the potential negative impact of noise pollution on species, with great concern for the importance of impacts on aquatic animal life.
This study examined the effects of acoustic stress on the biochemical parameters of the freshwater crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. The experiment was conducted in a tank equipped with an audio and video recording system using ten groups (five control and five test) of three adult crayfish (30 animals in total). The
animals in the test group were exposed to acoustic signals [a linear sweep from 10 to 200 kHz lasting 1 s, with a sound pressure level between 138 and 157 dBrms (re 1lParms)] for 45 minutes. Biochemical parameters such as pH, osmolarity, protein concentration and enzyme activities (alkaline phosphatase, esterase and peroxidase) were evaluated. Enzyme activities show significant changes, with significantly lower values in stressed animals. These results suggest that high-frequency stimuli induce a physiological stress response, thus suggesting
that acoustic stress may have physiological effects on the species
A MESOCOSM STUDY: BEHAVIOURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES OF CHERAX QUADRICARINATUS AFTER EXPOSURE TO ACOUSTIC SIGNAL
No full textAQUATIC ACOUSTIC NOISE: BEHAVIORAL AND MOLECULAR RESPONSES IN ECHINODERMS, THE CASE OF A. LIXULA (LINNAEUS, 1758) SEA URCHINS
No full textAnthropic noise is considered a real pollutant, in particular the submarine noise. The impact on biodiversity is not yet sufficiently understood. Further research is needed to evaluate any negative effects. The noises associated with anthropogenic activities are increasing: shipments, seismic surveys, sonar, recreational rowing and future mineral extraction activities from ocean depths (DSM). These noises are having an impact on the welfare of many marine species. The understanding of the effects on biodiversity could be important for the creation of guidelines, laws or rules for the most environmentally sustainable exploitation of natural resources. Our study aims to investigate the motility, biochemical and molecular responses of Arbacia lixula exposed to an acoustic stimulus produced by anthropogenic activities and perhaps perceptible by invertebrates. The animals were divided into a control tank and experimental tank. The specimens were exposed to sonic stress for 3 hours after which biological sampling was performed. The sonic stress used was a linear sweep from 100 to 200 kHz emitted every 1 second. The Sound Pressure Level ranges between 173 and 181 dBrms (re 1μPa), with a peak at 150 kHz. To measure the motility, on the top of the tanks two cameras were placed to make photo each 8 seconds during acoustic stimulus. The bottom of the tanks were divided virtually by squares and the vertical walls were divided by two quote. At each photo we assessed the position of the animals and count the number of squares/levels crossed comparing to the precedent photo. In this way we obtained the motility of the specimens in the three directions (cm/s). After three hours of stimulus projection, the sea urchins were captured and the coelomatic fluid was extracted. The protein concentration and the enzymatic activities of esterase, phosphatase, catalase and peroxidase were measured on the celomocytes and on the supernatant of the celomatic fluid. The gene expression of HSP70 and HSP90 with RT-PCR was evaluated on celomocytes. Exposure to this type of noise produced a significant changing in motility and an increase in the expression of HSPs gene, more so for HSP70. No statistical difference was observed in the extent of enzymatic activities and protein concentration. The results obtained indicate that this type of acoustic stimulus has effects on the behavior and on the gene expression of HSPs of individuals of Arbacia lixula
Effects of acoustic stimulation on biochemical parameters in the digestive gland of Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819)
Full text linkUnderwater sounds generated by anthropogenic activity can cause behavior changes, temporary loss of hearing, damage to parts of the body, or death in a number of marine organisms and can also affect healing and survival. In this study, the authors examined the effects of high-frequency acoustic stimulations on a number of biochemical parameters in the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. During the experiment, animals were placed in a test tank and exposed to acoustic signals [a linear sweep ranging from 100 to 200 kHz and lasting 1 s, with a sound pressure level range of between 145 and 160 dBrms (re 1μParms)] for 3 h. Total haemocyte count was assessed and glucose levels, cytotoxic activity and enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase, esterase and peroxidase) in the digestive gland were measured. For the first time, this study suggests that high-frequency noise pollution has a negative impact on biochemical parameters in the digestive gland
Passive Acoustics to Study Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems
No full textPassive acoustic monitoring is becoming an important tool to study the ecosystem thanks to technological improvements, high temporal resolution, relatively low cost and time effort, and the zero impact on environment and animal behavior [...
Low frequencies noise effects on behaviour of Sparus aurata juveniles
No full textHuman activities in the oceans, such as marine traffic and Deep Sea Mining (DSM), are increasing in the last years (Ross 2005; Calvo et al 2016). Underwater noise in the oceans, especially at lower frequencies, is mainly produced by marine traffic and DSM could increase this noise in the next future. Marine Strategy Framework Directive promotes the achievement of a good quality environmental status and aims to monitor “continuous low frequency sound” trend in the ambient noise level within the 1/3 octave bands centred at 63 and 125 Hz. The aim of this study is to evaluate the behavioural changes of Sparus aurata juveniles exposed to a four different acoustic signals in a tank. The emitted signal was white noise filtered at 1/3 octave band centred respectively at 63 Hz, 125 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz (SPL: 140-150 re 1μΡa). For each frequency we tested three independent groups of 6 specimens and video monitored them for a total of 7:30 hours (15 min before, one hour during and 6 hours after the sound exposition) using two cameras located above the tank and in the water column. Moreover, three control group (no acoustic emission) tests were performed (no sounds were dispensed). Behavioural data (cohesion, motility, swimming height) were collected from the 15 minutes of each hour except in during sound exposition, where we considered the entire hour. The bottom of the tank was divided into squares. Cohesion was evaluated counting the number of squares occupied by the group; motility counting the number of squares crossed by each fish; swimming height counting the fish presence in three zones (deepest, intermediate, and highest). Using Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple comparisons post-hoc we assessed that the cohesion was significantly affected at 63,125 and 500 Hz. At 63 and 125 Hz, significant increase in cohesion was observed during and up to the third and sixth hour of exposition respectively; at 500 Hz cohesion increased only during the exposition. Significant increase in motility was observed during the 63 and 125Hz stimuli. For swimming height, all frequencies significantly increase the number of fish in the deepest zone and decrease in the intermediate zone. The juvenile of S. aurata exhibit different behaviours depending on the acoustic frequencies. This study evidences an impact at short and medium time on juvenile. This could determine an effect on budget energy and, consequently, a potential threat for their recruitment in a noise-polluted environment
Anthropogenic noise: the behavioural responses of Sparus aurata juveniles as the basis for a numerical model.
No full textUnderwater noise is mainly produced by anthropogenic activities and has increased in recent years. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive aims to monitor “continuous low frequency sound” trends in ambient noise in particular at 1/3rd octave bands centered at 63 and 125 Hz. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of using the results of Sparus aurata juvenile’s behavior for parameterizing a numerical model of the fish behavior. The fishes were stressed with white noise filtered with a band pass filter at 1/3 octave band centered respectively at 63 Hz, 125 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1 kHz (SPL: 140-150 dB re 1μPa). We performed three test replicas for the control (without any sound emission) and for each of the four frequencies. Each trial lasted 7:15 hours in total and included the following three periods in which two video cameras recorded: 30 min before the acoustic emission; 60 min in which the acoustic stress was dispensed; 6 hours after the acoustic emission divided into 6 periods of 1 hour. To obtain the behavioral data (cohesion, motility, swimming height) the fishes were video monitored 15 min before the sound exposure, one hour during the sound exposure and the final 15 minutes of each hour after the sound exposure. The bottom of the tank was divided into squares. Cohesion was evaluated by counting the number of squares occupied by the group; motility by counting the number of squares crossed by each fish; swimming height by counting the fish presence in three zones (deepest, intermediate, and highest). Using Kruskal-Wallis tests and multiple comparisons post-hoc tests we assessed different behaviors of the fishes reacting to different acoustic frequencies. Here, we propose the use of part of these data (the first hour of acoustic emission) for the parameterization of a numerical model using an adaptation of the Boids method. In the model the cohesion, motility and the swimming height are analyzed in the same way as they are analyzed for in vivo video recordings. Preliminary results showed that it is possible to reproduce in the new model the same qualitative behavior of the in vivo recordings with fish. In this way, it will be possible to understand the behavioural responses of fish in laboratory experiments and contribute to the prediction of the impacts of other possible acoustic sounds emitted by human activities through the application of the created numerical model
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