82 research outputs found
Mare Ingenii regions of interest spectra continuum removal from Salari et al. 2023
No full text<p>List of files considered by Salari et al. 2023:</p>
<p>1) Spectral parameter map of Mare Ingenii at 600 m/pixels (1 GeoTiff file+header);</p>
<p>2) ASCII file containing mare Ingenii 23 regions of interest average spectra and the corresponding standard deviations;</p>
<p>2) ASCII file containing mare Ingenii 23 regions of interest average spectra continuum removal;</p>We acknowledge support from the PRIN INAF (RIC) 2019 project: "MELODY: Moon multisEnsor and LabOratory Data analYsis", selected by the Scientific Direction of Italy's National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) on 10 November 2020 and funded with 167,162 euros (INAF grant 1.05.01.85.17)
Petrogenesis of the Cenozoic magmatism in north-western Iran
No full textA petrological study has been conducted on three volcanic districts (Tafresh, Nowbaran and Bijar-Qorveh) of NW Iran with the purpose to give a contribution to the scientific community about the tectono-magmatic framework of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone. These volcanoes belong to the so-called Urumieh-Dokthar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) running from NW to SE along the western margin of Iran, whose volcanism is related to the NE-ward Neotethys Ocean subduction beneath the Iranian plate since Early Cretaceous time, evolved into Arabia-Iran continental collision during early Cenozoic.
Tafresh investigated rocks mainly range from basaltic andesites to rhyolites and are probably linked to closed-system magma evolutionary processes. Such processes involved fractionation of i) mainly ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase, followed by ii) removal of plagioclase and lesser amphibole (with minor clinopyroxene) and finally iii) lesser alkali feldspar and minor amphibole in the most evolved terms. LILE-enriched and HFSE-depleted geochemical signature (likely originated from a hydrous primitive melt equilibrated with a spinel-bearing peridotite source) inferred the typical subduction-related trend emplaced in a subduction-related setting. Strongly evolved rocks are supposed to be derived from crustal anatexis of a mixed meta-sedimentary source. One sample shows distinctive adakitic signature (high La/Yb and Sr/Y ratios, low Yb and HFSE contents) which are interpreted as the product of the melting of a meta-mafic source rock (i.e., subducted oceanic slabs) with residual garnet and amphibole.
Differently, Nowbaran Quaternary melanephelinites result by far the most peculiar igneous rocks of the entire Bitlis-Zagros Orogen. The absence of feldspars and melilite is coupled with extremely low SiO2 content and very high CaO and Al2O3 abundances, leading to ultracalcic compositions. Moreover, these rocks show high Mg# and very high Ni and Cr values, which likely suggest a primitive character of these melts. Isotopic ratios and primitive-mantle normalized pattern indicate hybrid sources, as their trend exhibits subduction-related imprinting mixed with HiMU-OIB features. Such uncommon compositions are thought to be unlikely derived from a classic four-phase (i.e. C-H-free) peridotitic mantle or from digestion of carbonatic compositions. More likely, they are generated from carbonated apatite-hornblendite-rich metasomes which are considered as the products of interaction between peridotitic matrix and partial melts derived from arc cumulates (formed by crystallization of hydrous and CO2-bearing magmas generated during previous subduction-related arc).
On the other hand, two main volcanic cycles have been recognized in Bijar-Qorveh area. Upper Miocene (~9.2-8.3 Ma) compositions mostly range from trachy-andesites to trachytes (with minor rhyolitic terms) whereas Pleistocene (~1.3-0.5 Ma) samples are mostly represented by trachybasalts and tephrites, with lesser alkali basalts. Major and trace elements of Miocene rocks (i.e., Dehgolan and Qorveh) likely suggest fractional crystallization of ferromagnesian minerals then followed by removal of plagioclase and amphibole. These rocks exhibit high-K calcalkaline affinity, as also shown by primitive mantle-normalized patterns characterized by strong LILE and LREE enrichments, typical of subduction-related magmas. Only three Dehgolan samples show by far higher K2O-TiO2-P2O5 and Rb contents, which are thought to be related to a Ti-phlogopite-rich source rock. Quaternary samples (i.e., Qezelke Kand, Bijar and Takab) consist of alkaline series showing mainly sodic to strictly potassic (i.e. Takab) affinity. They show high Mg#, Ni and Cr content which probably is indicative that primary magma was not affected by extensive fractionation. Moreover, isotopic ratios and incompatible multielemental patterns show mixed features of both intraplate-like and subduction-related end members. Takab rocks always cluster distinctly, showing higher K2O and Rb abundances which could be linked to a phlogopite-rich mantle source. Noteworthy, Qezelke Kand outcrops are characterized by the association of basic products with four high silica rocks which have been referred to as adakites, likely deriving from the melting of subducted basalts in eclogite facies. Bijar-Qorveh Miocene high-K volcanic products represent the final magmatic phase of the calcalkaline volcanism occurring in Central Iran during Tertiary period, whereas Quaternary basic magmatism is to be considered as the expression of regional tensional tectonics or related to variations in the source mineralogy during melting processes
In-work poverty, lavoratori vulnerabili e bassi salari
No full textObiettivi: Il saggio si propone di riportare l’attenzione sul tema dei bassi salari e della crisi della funzione anticoncorrenziale del contratto collettivo in relazione alle impli- cazioni che possono avere rispetto al fenomeno della povertà lavorativa. Metodologia: Nel solco dello studio condotto nell’ambito del progetto “Working, Yet Poor”, il saggio considera il mercato del lavoro in modo trasversale e, sulla base dei dati a disposizione sulla diffusione dei working poor, individua quattro categorie di lavoratori vulnerabili. Nel saggio, in particolare, si concentra l’attenzione su uno di questi gruppi, quello dei lavoratori subordinati standard con bassa professionalità, occupati in settori cd. po- veri. Si procede quindi all’analisi della letteratura e della giurisprudenza in materia di retribuzione, che costituisce una delle questioni più problematiche rispetto a tali lavo- ratori. Risultati: Il saggio sottolinea l’importanza di ripensare le proposte in tema di salario minimo tenendo presente la funzione di “scudo” che le retribuzioni adeguate possono avere nel contrasto alla povertà lavorativa. Limiti e implicazioni: Nonostante sia innegabile una connessione tra basse retribuzioni e lavoro povero, nel contrasto alla povertà lavorativa è necessario considerare ulteriori misure, dal momento che in base alla definizione comunemente adottata di povertà lavorativa, rilevano anche la composizione e l’intensità lavorativa del nucleo familiare. Originalità: Il saggio mette in evidenza la necessità di considerare alcune tematiche ben note, quali i bassi salari e la concorrenza tra contratti collettivi, nella particolare prospettiva delle conseguenze che tali problematiche possono avere rispetto al rischio di povertà lavorativa per un gruppo di lavoratori particolarmente vulnerabili.Objectives: The essay focuses on low wages and on the crisis of the anticompetitive role of collective agreements with respect to their implications on in-work poverty. Methodology: Following the research methodology adopted within the project Working, Yet Poor, the essay adopts a vertical approach, and, based on the statistics on inwork poverty, it identifies 4 groups of vulnerable workers. The essay focuses on one of these groups: low- or un-skilled workers who have standard employment contracts and are employed in traditionally poor sectors. To this respect, it examines the legal literature and case law on wages, as low wages are among the most problematic issues for these employees. Results: The essay emphasizes the importance of reconsidering proposals on minimum wages taking into account the importance of adequate wages as a shield against in-work poverty. Limits and implications Notwithstanding the connection between low wages and in-work poverty, further measures must be undertaken in copying with in-work poverty, as according to the definition of in-work poverty adopted the composition and the work intensity of the household are also relevant. Originality: The essay shows the need to consider some well-known issues, such as low wages and competition between collective agreements, in view of the consequences that these phenomena may have with respect to in-work poverty risk for a group of particularly vulnerable workers
Il cane della necropoli di Porte di Ferro (VIII sec. A.C.) a San Cipriano Picentino (Salerno).
No full text"Working, yet poor": la povertà tra bassi salari e instabilità lavorativa
No full textThe paper addresses the topic of in-work poverty from a legal point of
view. The author argues that in addressing this issue a different approach
must be adopted, focusing on the most vulnerable workers. Particular
attention is paid to two factors underlying this phenomenon. Firstly, job
quality, including both the kind of job a person is employed in and wage
levels. To this respect, the paper focuses on wages, the application of art. 36
of the Constitution, the problems related to the implementation of this
provision and the debate on the introduction of statutory minimum wage in
Italy. Then, it is stressed the importance of increasing work intensity of
household, through policies aimed at promoting female participation in the
labour market, such as measures aimed at promoting an equitable
redistribution of care responsibilities in the family
Interactions of L-3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine, Allopregnanolone, and Ivermectin with the GABAA Receptor: Evidence for Overlapping Intersubunit Binding Modes
No full textStructural mechanisms of modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors by neurosteroids and hormones remain unclear. The thyroid hormone L-3,5,3’-triiodothyronine (T3) inhibits GABA-A receptors at micromolar concentrations and has common features with neurosteroids such as allopregnanolone (ALLOP). Here we use functional experiments on α2β1γ2 GABA-A receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes to detect competitive interactions between T3 and an agonist (ivermectin, IVM) with a crystallographically determined binding site at subunit interfaces in the transmembrane domain of a homologous receptor (glutamate-gated chloride channel, GluCl). T3 and ALLOP also show competitive effects, supporting the presence of both a T3 and ALLOP binding site at one or more subunit interfaces. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations over 200 ns are used to investigate the dynamics and energetics of T3 in the identified intersubunit sites. In these simulations, T3 molecules occupying all intersubunit sites (with the exception of the α-β interface) display numerous energetically favorable conformations with multiple hydrogen bonding partners, including previously implicated polar/acidic sidechains and a structurally conserved deformation in the M1 backbone.Peer reviewe
Neogene ultrabasic volcanic rocks in central Urumieh-Dohktar Magmatic Arc (NW Iran): melilitites and nephelinites in subduction setting
No full textAbout 180 km SW Tehran (central-northern Iran) young (likely <1 Myr old) and small volume lava flows are emitted
from volcanic chains close to Nowbaran town. These volcanoes belong to the so-called Urumieh-Dokthar Magmatic
Arc (UDMA), running from NW to SE along the western margin of Iran. The volcanism of the UDMA is related to the
NE-ward Neotethys Ocean subduction beneath the Iranian plate since Early Cretaceous time, evolved into Arabia-Iran
continental collision during early Cenozoic. The lava flows consist of strongly ultrabasic magmas, represented by
melilitites and nephelinites. Clinopyroxene is the most abundant microphenocryst, followed by olivine, calcite and
biotite. Diopside is always twinned or shows normal zoning, and olivine is Mg-rich, with Fo content ~86. Primary
calcite largely occurs as large plagues (often including opaque minerals and diopside); Mg-rich (Mg# ~0.87) and Tirich
(TiO2 up to ~7.3 wt%) phlogopite-eastonite is also frequent. Cancrinite-sodalite group minerals are the main
groundmass foids, together with nepheline and minor Ti-magnetite.
The investigated rocks show anomalous mineral paragenesis and whole-rock chemical compositions compared to the
other Cenozoic volcanic rocks occurring in Iran. SiO2 content is extremely low (down to 36.0 wt%), with CaO reaching
contents as high as ~19.2 wt%, coupled with generally high MgO (~9.1-13.9 wt%). Alkalis range between ~2.2 and 6.2
wt%, with Na2O/K2O varying from ~0.9 to 8.5. Primitive mantle-normalized patterns show marked troughs at K, Rb
and Pb and enrichment in Nb and Ta, resembling typical HIMU-OIB compositions.
The presence of these compositions imply a carbonatitic component in the mantle source, which is uncommon in
subduction-related settings, and certainly unique within the entire Cenozoic volcanic rocks of UDMA. Experimental
petrology studies in the last decades have demonstrated that carbonated peridotite is able to produce melts characterized
by extremely low content of silica but high amount of CaO and MgO (e.g. Presnall and Gudfinnsson, 2005; Hammouda
and Keshav, 2015). It is therefore necessary to understand these peculiar rock compositions in order to constrain their
mantle source, the role of carbonates and their origin in a subduction-related setting
Il Consiglio Nazionale dell’Economia e del Lavoro come organo “servente” dell’esecutivo nella vicenda del salario minimo
No full textIl saggio analizza le nozioni di adeguatezza e equità della retribuzione nell'ambito del dibattito sul salario minimo, alla luce della Direttiva 2022/2041 sui salari minimi adeguati nell'Unione Europe
Adeguatezza della retribuzione e tutela della dignità sociale. Profili lavoristici del contrasto al lavoro povero
No full textNel presente studio si indaga il tema dell’adeguatezza della retribuzione, accostando la riflessione relativa all’individuazione dei mezzi più idonei a dare attuazione all’art. 36 Cost. ad un ragionamento sulle concezioni e sulle finalità del c.d. principio del salario minimo. Partendo da queste ultime, che possono essere individuate nella connessione tra diritto ad una giusta retribuzione, contrasto al lavoro povero e tutela della dignità sociale dell’individuo, ci si sofferma, innanzitutto, sulla problematica nozione di povertà lavorativa e sul legame tra essa e i bassi salari, in quanto questi ultimi costituiscono un ostacolo alla dignità del lavoro. Lo studio prosegue con l’analisi delle diverse nozioni riconducibili all’adeguatezza usate nel panorama internazionale ed eurounitario, come salario minimo, living wage, fair wage, salari minimi adeguati, per poi soffermarsi sulla disposizione contenuta nell’art. 36 Cost. e sui principi di proporzionalità e sufficienza. Infine, si guarda al sistema di attuazione di tale disposizione costituzionale alla luce della sua “ineffettività sopravvenuta”, al dibattito sul salario minimo legale e sul ruolo della contrattazione collettiva, nonché alle proposte avanzate per fronteggiare la questione salariale, nell’ottica di individuare una retribuzione idonea a tutelare i lavoratori poveri e garantire la dignità sociale
Petrological characterization of the Cenozoic igneous rocks of the Tafresh area, central Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (Iran)
No full textWe report a petrographic and whole-rock geochemical characterization of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks cropping out in the Tafresh area of the central Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc of Iran. The investigated rocks range mainly from basaltic andesite to dacite, and are considered to be genetically linked by (mostly) closed-system evolutionary processes involving fractionation of ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclase first, then of plagioclase and lesser amphibole (plus minor clinopyroxene) and finally of plagioclase with lesser alkali feldspar and minor amphibole. These represent a typical calcalkaline series emplaced in a subduction-related setting, producing the observed LILE-enriched and HFSE-depleted geochemical signature. The basaltic andesite compositions likely derived from an unsampled hydrous primitive melt equilibrated in a spinel-bearing metasomatized peridotite source, evolving at shallow to moderate crustal depths.Additional lithotypes cropping out in the Tafresh area include much rarer strongly evolved leucocratic rocks and evolved rocks with adakitic signature. The first are thought to derive from crustal anatexis of a meta-sedimentary source, whereas the latter are interpreted as the product of the melting of a meta-mafic source rock with residual garnet and amphibole. The association of magmatic rocks pointing to all such different petrogenetic processes in a relatively limited area is strongly suggestive of emplacement in a post-collisional stage
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