116 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-tmj-10.1177_03008916231206926 – Supplemental material for Hippocampal region avoidance in whole brain radiotherapy in brain metastases: For all or for some? A real-world feasibility report
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-tmj-10.1177_03008916231206926 for Hippocampal region avoidance in whole brain radiotherapy in brain metastases: For all or for some? A real-world feasibility report by Giulia Corrao, Luca Bergamaschi, Vanessa Eleonora Pierini, Aurora Gaeta, Stefania Volpe, Matteo Pepa, Mattia Zaffaroni, Maria Giulia Vincini, Cristiana Iuliana Fodor, Gaia Piperno, Francesca Emiro, Annamaria Ferrari, Sara Gandini, Federica Cattani, Roberto Orecchia, Giulia Marvaso and Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa in Tumori Journal</p
Palliative radiation therapy in bladder cancer: a matter of dose, techniques and patients’ selection
No full textRadiotherapy Plus Total Androgen Block Versus Radiotherapy Plus LHRH Analog Monotherapy for Non-metastatic Prostate Cancer
No full textBACKGROUND/AIM:
Patients with locally advanced prostate cancer are generally treated with radiotherapy (RT) which can be combined with hormonal therapy. RT plus monotherapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analog triptorelin was compared to RT plus total androgen block (TAB).
PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective study was carried out on patients with locally advanced prostate cancer comparing RT plus monotherapy versus RT plus TAB.
RESULTS:
For overall survival, no differences between patients receiving RT with monotherapy and those treated with TAB were observed. A trend favoring use of TAB was found for progression-free survival. No differences in late gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicities were reported.
CONCLUSION:
This study suggests that monotherapy with LHRH is as effective as TAB, which is important in selecting appropriate treatment considering that TAB can have higher risks of adverse events and reduce the quality of life of patients
Modern radiotherapy for head and neck cancer
No full textRadiation therapy (RT) plays a key role in curative-intent treatments for head and neck cancers. Its use is indicated as a sole therapy in early stage tumors or in combination with surgery or concurrent chemotherapy in advanced stages. Recent technologic advances have resulted in both improved oncologic results and expansion of the indications for RT in clinical practice. Despite this, RT administered to the head and neck region is still burdened by a high rate of acute and late side effects. Moreover, about 50% of patients with high-risk disease experience loco-regional recurrence within 3 years of follow-up. Therefore, in recent decades, efforts have been dedicated to optimize the cost/benefit ratio of RT in this subset of patients. The aim of the present review was to highlight modern concepts of RT for head and neck cancers considering both the technological advances that have been achieved and recent knowledge that has informed the biological interaction between radiation and both tumor and healthy tissues
Mapping the research landscape of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer: a bibliometric analysis
No full textObjective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the scientific interest, the collaboration patterns and the emerging trends regarding HPV+ OPSCC diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional bibliometric analysis of articles reporting on HPV+ OPSCC within Scopus database was performed and all documents published up to December 31th, 2022 were eligible for analysis. Outcomes included the exploration of key characteristics (number of manuscripts published per year, growth rate, top productive countries, most highly cited papers, and the most well-represented journals), collaboration parameters (international collaboration ratio and networks, co-occurrence networks), keywords analysis (trend topics, factorial analysis). Results: A total of 5200 documents were found, published from March, 1987 to December, 2022. The number of publications increased annually with an average growth rate of 19.94%, reaching a peak of 680 documents published in 2021. The 10 most cited documents (range 1105-4645) were published from 2000 to 2012. The keywords factorial analysis revealed two main clusters: one on epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and association with other HPV tumors; the other one about the therapeutic options. According to the frequency of keywords, new items are emerging in the last three years regarding the application of Artifical Intelligence (machine learning and radiomics) and the diagnostic biomarkers (circulating tumor DNA). Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis highlights the importance of research efforts in prevention, diagnostics, and treatment strategies for this disease. Given the urgency of optimizing treatment and improving clinical outcomes, further clinical trials are needed to bridge unaddressed gaps in the management of HPV+ OPSCC patients
Stereotactic body radiotherapy for spinal oligometastases: a survey on patterns of practice on behalf of the Italian Association of Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy (AIRO)
No full textBackgroundThe Study Group for the Biology and Treatment of the OligoMetastatic Disease on behalf of the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) has conducted a national survey with the aim to depict the current patterns of practice of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for spinal oligometastases.MethodsThe Surveymonkey platform was used to send a 28-items questionnaire focused on demographic, clinical and technical aspects related to SBRT for spinal oligometastases. All the AIRO members were invited to fill the questionnaire. Data were then centralized to a single center for analysis and interpretation.Results53 radiation oncologists from 47 centers fulfilled the survey. A complete agreement was observed in proposing SBRT for spinal oligometastases, with the majority considering up to 3 concurrent spine oligometastases feasible for SBRT (73.5%), regardless of spine site (70%), vertebral segment (85%) and morphological features of the lesion (71.7%). Regarding dose prescription, fractionated regimens resulted as the preferred option, either in 3 (58.4%) or five sessions (34%), with a substantial agreement in applying a PTV-margin larger than 1 mm (almost 90% of participants), and ideally using both MRI and PET imaging to improve target volume and organs-at-risk delineation (67.9%).ConclusionsThis national italian survey illustrates the patterns of practice and the main issues for the indication of SBRT for spinal oligometastases. A substantial agreement in the numerical cut-off and vertebral segment involved for SBRT indication was reported, with a slight heterogeneity in terms of dose prescription and fractionation schemes
Stereotatic radiotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: Combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy with a focus on liver metastases
No full textPresence of liver metastases correlates with worse survival and response to any treatments. This may be due to the microenvironment of liver which leads tumor to escape from Immune System. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy may help to sensitize Immune System and to improve the immunotherapy effect. Interest is being directed toward combining Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors with radiotherapy to improve response to immunotherapy. However, the mechanisms by which radiation induces anti-tumor T-cells remain unclear. Preclinical studies founded radiotherapy enhances antitumor immune responses, increasing tumor antigen release, and inducing T-cell infiltration. Radiotherapy is under investigation for its ability to enhance responses to immunotherapy. Nevertheless, how to optimally deliver combination therapy regarding dose-fractionation and timing of radiotherapy is unknown. The aim of this review is to explore the role of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, focusing on patients with liver metastases, and the possible immunological implications combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy
Radiation therapy, tissue radiosensitization, and potential synergism in the era of novel antibody-drug conjugates
No full textAntibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a therapeutic class of agents designed to selectively deliver cytotoxic payloads to cancer cells. With the increasingly positioning of ADCs in the clinical practice, combinations with other treatment modalities, including radiation therapy (RT), will open new opportunities but also challenges. This review evaluates ADC-RT interactions, examining therapeutic synergies and potential caveats. ADC payloads can be radiosensitizing, enhancing cytotoxicity when used in combination with RT. Antigens targeted by ADCs can have various tissue expressions, resulting in possible off-target toxicities by tissue radiosensitization. Notably, the HER-2-directed ADC trastuzumab emtansine has appeared to increase the risk of radionecrosis when used concomitantly with brain RT, as glial cells can express HER2, too. Other possible organ-specific effects are discussed, such as pulmonary and cardiac toxicities. The lack of robust clinical data on the ADC-RT combination raises concerns regarding specific side effects and the ultimate trade-off of toxicity and safety of some combined approaches. Clinical studies are needed to assess ADC-RT combination safety and efficacy
3D-printed boluses for radiotherapy: influence of geometrical and printing parameters on dosimetric characterization and air gap evaluation
No full textThe work investigates the implementation of personalized radiotherapy boluses by means of additive manufacturing technologies. Boluses materials that are currently used need an excessive amount of human intervention which leads to reduced repeatability in terms of dosimetry. Additive manufacturing can solve this problem by eliminating the human factor in the process of fabrication. Planar boluses with fixed geometry and personalized boluses printed starting from a computed tomography scan of a radiotherapy phantom were produced. First, a dosimetric characterization study on planar bolus designs to quantify the effects of print parameters such as infill density and geometry on the radiation beam was made. Secondly, a volumetric quantification of air gap between the bolus and the skin of the patient as well as dosimetric analyses were performed. The optimization process according to the obtained dosimetric and airgap results allowed us to find a combination of parameters to have the 3D-printed bolus performing similarly to that in conventional use. These preliminary results confirm those in the relevant literature, with 3D-printed boluses showing a dosimetric performance similar to conventional boluses with the additional advantage of being perfectly conformed to the patient geometry
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