406 research outputs found

    Giovanni Paisiello. Da Taranto all'Europa

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    Panoramica biografica e critica sull'attività di Giovanni Paisiello nell'Europa dei Lum

    Exogeneity in the Long View: Giovanni Demaria's Economics of Institutions

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    Il saggio verte sul pensiero economico di Giovanni Demari

    Building in Post-war Environments

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    Modern wars generate devastating effects on the environment by using chemical, biological, radioactive weapons. Toxic effects persist for long time on war fields. Negative environmental impacts such as desertification, migrant masses, depletion of natural resources (food, water, wood, etc.), and induced biodiversity produce, in turn, conflicts. This paper aims at i) identifying the consequences of conflicts and wars on the built environment with special reference to the industrial and residential buildings in urban areas; ii) determining the environmental impact of the procurement and use of natural resources and materials for the reconstruction of human settlements; iii) describing the results of this contribution according to their practical use. The research starts with a critical analysis of international examples related to modern wars. Contemporary situations of environmental degradation also related to major natural disasters that have altered the context in which they happened have been then analysed. Moreover, results of some significant interventions of environmental clean-up and building reconstruction have been examined, together with guidelines of the international humanitarian organizations on aspects of health and quality of life in areas with depleted environment. Results of these studies permit to suggest a post war methodology for the revitalization of the territory with restocking and monitored rebuilding, coordinated with contextual recovery of ecosystems. Construction techniques, with characteristics of resilience, habitability and sustainability are finally proposed. These solutions must also strive for reintegration of personal property and for the definitive localization of residents respecting their traditions and culture. Overall, this paper gives an operative contribution to one of the most important problems of humanity, which can be useful to future researches on territories marked by the environmental degradation caused by wars. Recovered environments, made sustainable, may help to understand that the real solution is avoiding wars and their deleterious effects

    Un approccio sistemico alla vulnerabilità del territorio: il caso di Cervo e del suo centro storico

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    Ai fini di una corretta gestione del territorio si rende necessario individuare uno strumento capace di fornire varie simulazioni del sistema territoriale in relazione alle diverse tipologie di danno, attraverso l'individuazione della significatività e incidenza nella vulnerabilità delle componenti del sistema stesso. Le tipologie di danno temuto ed analogamente le tipologie di vulnerabilità considerate nel presente studio sono rispettivamente quelle architettonico-ambientali, gestionali, economico-sociali, strutturali, infrastrutturali e quella relativa alla popolazione. Necessaria inizialmente l'analisi del sistema allo stato neutro (il cui grado di approfondimento è rapportato alla scala di riferimento considerata) scomposto nei suoi diversi sistemi funzionali insediativi ed infrastrutturali (approccio di tipo euristico) finalizzato alla definizione di un modus operandi nella pianificazione territoriale di medio-lungo termine. Tale processo è indirizzato al decisore istituzionale, Amministrazione Pubblica, strutture competenti che operano sul territorio (approccio normativo o pianificato) ( vedere fig. n.l ). La metodologia alla base di tale approccio è il morfismo pesato o weighted morphism definito, da un punto di vista matematico, come la combinazione convessa delle diverse tipologie di "vulnerabilità", intesa come l'attribuzione di pesi, la cui somma sia 12, Ad ogni settore vulnerabile è attribuito un peso pari a l/n dove n rappresentano i diversi settori vulnerabili. Per ogni esposto appartenente ai differenti sistemi funzionali si è determinata, attraverso apposite relazioni matematiche, definite attraverso indagini intuiti ve (ad esempio il metodo Delphy), una vulnerabilità complessiva e analogamente un danno complessivo. Tale approccio metodologico è in corso di specifiche ed approfondimenti, 2Si precisa che a differenti pesi corrispondono differenti morfismi e che quest'ultimo risulta pesato quando si attribuisce un valore a ciascun peso

    A general framework for penalized mixed-effects multitask learning with applications on DNA methylation surrogate biomarkers creation

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    Recent evidence highlights the usefulness of DNA methylation (DNAm) biomarkers as surrogates for exposure to risk factors for non-communicable diseases in epidemiological studies and randomized trials. DNAm variability has been demonstrated to be tightly related to lifestyle behavior and exposure to environmental risk factors, ultimately providing an unbiased proxy of an individual state of health. At present, the creation of DNAm surrogates relies on univariate penalized regression models, with elastic-net regularizer being the gold standard when accomplishing the task. Nonetheless, more advanced modeling procedures are required in the presence of multivariate outcomes with a structured dependence pattern among the study samples. In this work we propose a general framework for mixed-effects multitask learning in presence of high-dimensional predictors to develop a multivariate DNAm biomarker from a multi-center study. A penalized estimation scheme based on an expectation-maximization algorithm is devised, in which any penalty criteria for fixed-effects models can be conveniently incorporated in the fitting process. We apply the proposed methodology to create novel DNAm surrogate biomarkers for multiple correlated risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities. We show that the proposed approach, modeling multiple outcomes together, outperforms state-of-the-art alternatives, both in predictive power and bio-molecular interpretation of the results
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