1,721,044 research outputs found
Storia medica dell'aggressività: dal temperamento collerico della medicina classica alla psichiatria contemporanea
No full text
Journal of Anthropological Sciences
No full textGiovanni Destro Bisol e' Editor e Direttore Responsabile della rivista sopra indicata
“Le donne sono antropologicamente superiori”. Parola di una donna di genio
No full textL'articolo ripercorre la carriera universitaria di Maria Montessori nell'ambito delle scienze mediche italiane del primo '900 ricostruendo parallelamente le vicende della sua libera docenza in antropologia e le prese di posizione scientifiche contro l'inferiorità mentale della donna, affermata dalla maggioranza degli scienziati e antropologi italiani tra cui Cesare Lombroso e Giuseppe Sergi. Al di là dell'armonico procedere di scienza e femminismo, si evidenza come la Montessori seguisse la più accreditata antropologia francese (Manouvrier)
Journal of Anthropological Sciences
No full textGiovanni Destro Bisol e' Editor della rivista sopra indicat
The peopling of sub-Saharan Africa: The case study of Cameroon
No full textThis study analyzes the distribution of ten protein genetic polymorphisms in eighteen populations from the most densely inhabited areas of Cameroon. The languages spoken belong to three different linguistic families [Afro-Asiatic (AA), Nilo-Saharan (NS) and Niger-Kordofanian (NK)]. The analysis of variation of allele frequencies indicates that the level of genetic interpopulation differentiation is rather low (F(st) = 0.011 ± 0.006) but statistically significant (p < 0.001). This result is not unexpected because of the relatively small geographic area covered by our survey. This value is also significantly lower than the one estimated for other groups of African populations. Among the factors responsible for this, we discuss the possible role of gene flow. There is a considerable genetic differentiation among the AA populations of north Cameroon as is to be expected because they all originated from the first agriculturists of the farming 'savanna complex.' The Podowko and Uldeme are considerably different from all the other AA groups, probably due to the combined effect of genetic drift and isolation. In the case of the Wandala and Massa, our analyses suggest that genetic admixture with allogeneous groups (especially with the Kanuri) played an important role in determining their genetic differentiation from other AA speaking groups. The Bantu speaking populations (Bakaka, Bamileke Bassa and Ewondo, NK family, Benue Congo subfamily) settled in western and southern Cameroon are more tightly clustered than AA speaking groups. This result shows that the linguistic affinity among these four populations coincides with a substantial genetic similarity despite their different origin. Finally, the Fulbe are genetically distinct from all the populations that belong to their same linguistic phylum (NK), and closer to the neighboring Fali and Tupuri, eastern Adamawa speaking groups of north Cameroon
Berbers and Arabs: tracing the genetic diversity and history of Southern Tunisia through genome wide analysis
No full textSNP data of 79 individuals from 3 ethnolinguistic groups from Tunisi
Una "antropologa pedagogista" tra gli antropologi
No full textIl volume rientra nell'ambito delle iniziative per le celebrazioni dei 150 anni dell'Unità d'Italia e raccoglie controbuti relativi alla storia dell'antropologia, principalmente di quella coltivata tra le discipline mediche, dalla seconda metà dell'Ottocento, fino al presente. Il saggio si rivolge ad analizzare l'antropologia pedagogica di Maria Montessori, che fu orientata dal suo maestro, Giuseppe Sergi, allo studio di questa disciplina, ed anzi ad approfondirne struttura e contenuti, in vista di un'applicazione dei suoi risultati scientifici alla vita scolastica. Da questo impegno di studio partì l'applicazione di un nuovo metodo didattico all'insegnamento rivolto ai bambini più piccoli, che, in effetti, è stato celebrato in tutto il mondo per la sua "genialità"; tuttavia, fu la Montessori stessa, come antropologa e come pedagogista, a dubitare di questa categoria, sia nel suo lavoro di medico, sia in quello di pedagogista, sostenendo che le doti intellettuali sono comunemente distribuite in tutte le fasce della popolazione, sia maschile sia femminile, e che sono i fattori sociali a determinanarne lo sviluppo.The volume is part of the initiatives for celebrating the 150th anniversary of the unification of Italy and collects controbutions relating to the history of anthropology, from the late nineteenth century until the present. The paper is aimed at analyzing the pedagogical anthropology of Maria Montessori, which was directed by her teacher, Joseph Sergi, towards the study of this discipline, and indeed to deepen itsstructure and content in view of an application to a scientific study of school life. From her commitment spread a new teaching method for developing intellectual and social gifts in children, and Montessori has been celebrated around the world for her "genius"; However, Montessori herself, as an anthropologist and as an educator, argued that intellectual gifts are commonly and equally distributed in all segments of the population
Tracing the distribution and evolution of lactase persistence in Southern Europe through the study of the T(-13910) variant.
No full textWe investigated the occurrence and intra-allelic variability of the T(-13910) variant located upstream of the lactase gene in 965 individuals from 20 different locations of Italy and Greece. The T(-13910) frequency ranges from 0.072 (Sardinia) to 0.237 (North-East Italy), with a statistically significant difference between North-East Italians and other Italian populations. The comparison of the lactose tolerance predicted by T(-13910) and that assessed by other studies using physiological tests shows a one-way statistically significant discrepancy that could be due to sampling differences. However, the possible role of other genetic factors underlying lactase persistence is worth exploring. The time of the most recent common ancestor and departures from neutrality of the T(-13910) allele were assessed using three microsatellite loci. Time estimates were found to be congruent with the appearance of dairy farming in Southern Europe and the occurrence of a single introgression event. Robust signals of selection can be observed in North-East Italy only. We discuss the possible role of cultural traits and genetic history in determining these observed micro-evolutionary patterns
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