1,723,852 research outputs found
Herpes simplex virus-type1 (HSV-1) impairs DNA repair in cortical neurons
No full textSeveral findings suggest that Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection plays a role in the neurodegenerative processes that characterize Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. Here we show that HSV-1 productive infection in cortical neurons causes the accumulation of DNA lesions that include both single (SSBs) and double strand breaks (DSBs), which are reported to be implicated in the neuronal loss observed in neurodegenerative diseases. We demonstrate that HSV-1 downregulates the expression level of Ku80, one of the main components of non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), a major pathway for the repair of DSBs. We also provide data suggesting that HSV-1 drives Ku80 for proteasomal degradation and impairs NHEJ activity, leading to DSB accumulation. Since HSV-1 usually causes life-long recurrent infections, it is possible to speculate that cumulating damages, including those occurring on DNA, may contribute to virus induced neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration, further suggesting HSV-1 as a risk factor for neurodegenerative conditions. © 2016 De Chiara, Racaniello, Mollinari, Marcocci, Aversa, Cardinale, Giovanetti, Garaci, Palamara and Merlo
Cerium oxide nanoparticles reestablish cell integrity checkpoints and apoptosis competence in irradiated HaCaT cells via novel redox-independent activity
No full textCerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) are potent radical scavengers protecting cells from oxidative insults, including ionizing radiation. Here we show that CNPs prevent X-ray-induced oxidative imbalance reducing DNA breaks on HaCat keratinocytes, nearly abating mutagenesis. At the same time, and in spite of the reduced damage, CNPs strengthen radiation-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis outcome, dropping colony formation; notably, CNPs do not possess any intrinsic toxicity toward non-irradiated HaCat, indicating that they act on damaged cells. Thus CNPs, while exerting their antioxidant action, also reinforce the stringency of damage-induced cell integrity checkpoints, promoting elimination of the “tolerant” cells, being in fact radio-sensitizers. These two contrasting pathways are mediated by different activities of CNPs: indeed Sm-doped CNPs, which lack the Ce3+/Ce4+ redox switch and the correlated antioxidant action, fail to decrease radiation-induced superoxide formation, as expected, but surprisingly maintain the radio-sensitizing ability and the dramatic decrease of mutagenesis. The latter is thus attributable to elimination of damaged cells rather than decreased oxidative damage. This highlights a novel redox-independent activity of CNPs, allowing selectively eliminating heavily damaged cells through non-toxic mechanisms, rather reactivating endogenous anticancer pathways in transformed cells. Copyright © 2018 Caputo, Giovanetti, Corsi, Maresca, Briganti, Licoccia, Traversa and Ghibelli
Dopo il terremoto... come agire? Giornata di lavoro sui recenti eventi sismici.
No full textLa dimensione eccezionale dei terremoti che hanno recentemente squassato e continuano a colpire i centri urbani e i borghi del cosiddetto ‘cratere’, ci spingono a ripensare il tema della ricostruzione del patrimonio edilizio storico, specialmente nel caso degli insediamenti praticamente rasi al suolo, che rischiano l’abbandono da parte delle comunità in favore di nuove collocazioni territoriali. Il primo interrogativo che ci si pone riguarda l’aggregato urbano: come affrontarne la ricostruzione? Il secondo interrogativo riguarda le modalità costruttive necessarie a rimettere in sicurezza i fabbricati. Nella giornata di lavoro questi temi sono stati affrontati da rappresentanti delle istituzioni coinvolte nella gestione dei terremoti, della tutela, da rappresentanti delle università, delle imprese di restauro e dei professionisti che partecipano alla ricostruzione
Congestiones pulmonares de vértice (estudio clínico): Tesis presentada para optar al grado de doctor en medicina
No full textFil: Giovanetti, Manuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Buenos Aires, Argentina.A la cabeza de portada: Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. - Incluye nómina de Catedráticos y Asignaturas. Tesis con dedicatoria
Sull'arte di pavimentare col mattone. Conversazione con Francesco Giovanetti
No full textFranceso Giovanetti è esperto di tecniche costruttive storiche grazie ad un'approfondita pratica di cantieri di restauro consolidata in oltre vent’anni di lavoro al Comune di Roma, prima come progettista dell’Ufficio speciale per gli interventi sul centro storico, poi come dirigente nell’Ufficio edilizia monumentale.
Giovanetti ha inoltre curato, tra il 1989 e il 1997, i Manuali del recupero di Roma, Città di Castello e Palermo.
Innescando un dialogo con l'eseprto, l'intervista di Davide Turrini indaga i caratteri delle pavimentazioni laterizie dall'antichità all'epoca moderna, il rapporto tra pavimento e spazio architettonico, i caratteri dimensionali e materici dei singoli componenti della stesura pavimentale
SIBEL von Çağla Zencirci und Guillaume Giovanetti. Kommunikation jenseits der Worte
No full textvon Giulia Careglio Sibel, ein Film von Çağla Zencirci und Guillaume Giovanetti aus dem Jahr 2018, zeigt die Herausforderungen und das Streben nach Identität einer stummen Frau. Das deutsch-türkische Regieduo Zencirci und Giovanetti dreht seit 2003 gemeinsam im Nahen Osten Kurzfilme. Bekannte Werke der Filmemacher sind unter anderem der Dokumentarfilm Shanty Garden Town (2007) über einen türkischen Stadtplaner, der Spielfilm Ata (2008), der die Geschichte einer besonderen Freundschaft erzähl..
Static magnetic fields modulate X-ray-induced DNA damage in human glioblastoma primary cells
No full textAlthough static magnetic fields (SMFs) are used extensively in the occupational and medical fields, few comprehensive studies have investigated their possible genotoxic effect and the findings are controversial. With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging-guided radiation therapy, the potential effects of SMFs on ionizing radiation (IR) have become increasingly important. In this study we focused on the genotoxic effect of 80 mT SMFs, both alone and in combination with (i.e. preceding or following) X-ray (XR) irradiation, on primary glioblastoma cells in culture. The cells were exposed to: (i) SMFs alone; (ii) XRs alone; (iii) XR, with SMFs applied during recovery; (iv) SMFs both before and after XR irradiation. XR-induced DNA damage was analyzed by Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis assay (comet assay) using statistical tools designed to assess the tail DNA (TD) and tail length (TL) as indicators of DNA fragmentation. Mitochondrial membrane potential, known to be affected by IR, was assessed using the JC-1 mitochondrial probe. Our results showed that exposure of cells to 5 Gy of XR irradiation alone led to extensive DNA damage, which was significantly reduced by post-irradiation exposure to SMFs. The XR-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was to a large extent averted by exposure to SMFs. These data suggest that SMFs modulate DNA damage and/or damage repair, possibly through a mechanism that affects mitochondria. © 2013 The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japan Radiation Research Society and Japanese Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology
Résumé du livre : Fétichisme primitif en Italie, du professeur Giuseppe Bellucci
No full textGiovanetti (de) Giuolio. Résumé du livre : Fétichisme primitif en Italie, du professeur Giuseppe Bellucci. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, V° Série. Tome 8, 1907. pp. 88-90
Les Crânes de Myrina du Musée Impérial de Vienne (traduit de l'italien par G. de Giovanetti)
No full textGiuffrida-Ruggeri V. Les Crânes de Myrina du Musée Impérial de Vienne (traduit de l'italien par G. de Giovanetti). In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, V° Série. Tome 9, 1908. pp. 162-167
Cerium oxide nanoparticles, combining antioxidant and UV shielding properties, prevent UV-induced cell damage and mutagenesis
No full textEfficient inorganic UV shields, mostly based on refracting TiO2 particles, have dramatically changed the sun exposure habits. Unfortunately, health concerns have emerged from the pro-oxidant photocatalytic effect of UV-irradiated TiO2, which mediates toxic effects on cells. Therefore, improvements in cosmetic solar shield technology are a strong priority. CeO2 nanoparticles are not only UV refractors but also potent biological antioxidants due to the surface 3+/4+ valency switch, which confers anti-inflammatory, anti-ageing and therapeutic properties. Herein, UV irradiation protocols were set up, allowing selective study of the extra-shielding effects of CeO2 vs. TiO2 nanoparticles on reporter cells. TiO2 irradiated with UV (especially UVA) exerted strong photocatalytic effects, superimposing their pro-oxidant, cell-damaging and mutagenic action when induced by UV, thereby worsening the UV toxicity. On the contrary, irradiated CeO2 nanoparticles, via their Ce3+/Ce4+ redox couple, exerted impressive protection on UV-treated cells, by buffering oxidation, preserving viability and proliferation, reducing DNA damage and accelerating repair; strikingly, they almost eliminated mutagenesis, thus acting as an important tool to prevent skin cancer. Interestingly, CeO2 nanoparticles also protect cells from the damage induced by irradiated TiO2, suggesting that these two particles may also complement their effects in solar lotions. CeO2 nanoparticles, which intrinsically couple UV shielding with biological and genetic protection, appear to be ideal candidates for next-generation sun shields. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015
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