1,721,190 research outputs found
TERT promoter mutation: is it enough to call a WHO grade II astrocytoma IDH wild-type glioblastoma?
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Low-grade gliomas and leptomeningeal dissemination: a poorly understood phenomenon.
No full textAbstract
DISCUSSION: The leptomeningeal dissemination (LMD) of low-grade gliomas (LGGs) is reported in clinical neuro-oncology practice more and more frequently. It is estimated that 5% of all childhood LGGs present LMD at diagnosis and 7-10% at the time of progression. LMD has been reported in association with almost all the known subtypes of LGGs. Furthermore, "unusual " LGGs can be encountered among slow-growing brain neoplasm capable of LMD, which cannot comfortably be included in the present WHO brain tumour classification. The biological, genetic and clinical characteristics that seem to favour LMD are far from being understood. Similarly, the clinical profile of those children with disseminated LGGs has not yet been firmly established. Young, non-neurofibromatosis type 1 boys with large hypothalamic-chiasmatic pilocytic astrocytomas seem to be at increased risk of LMD. The neuroradiological appearance of LMD in childhood LGGs is similar to that observed in malignant tumours, except for those cases characterised by multiple superficial non-enhancing cystic lesions, which seem to be almost exclusively associated with a type of slow-growing not yet fully identified brain stem or spinal tumour. No firm guidelines for the treatment of these diseases are yet available, mostly due to the rarity of this condition and the existing uncertainties regarding their natural clinical history. CONCLUSION: The evidence of LMD in children with LGGs does not seem to have a negative impact on patients' long-term outcome
Functional magnetic resonance imaging: which indications? Emergine neuroncological problems.
No full textRecurrent and atypical meningiomas--a multiparametric study using Ki67 labelling index, AgNOR and DNA Feulgen staining
No full textEmbryonal tumors in the WHO CNS5 classification: a review
Full text linkEmbryonal tumors are a heterogenous group of neoplasms mostly defined by recurrent genetic driver events. They have been, previously, broadly classified as either medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). However, the application of DNA methylation/gene expression profiling in large series of neoplasms histologically defined as PNET, revealed tumors, which showed genetic events associated with glial tumors. These findings led to the definitive removal of the term "PNET" in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors. Moreover, further studies on a large scale of methylation profiling have allowed the identification of new molecular-defined entities and have largely influenced the 5th edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumors (WHO CNS5) for both medulloblastomas and other CNS embryonal tumors. The importance of molecular characteristics in CNS embryonal tumors is well represented by the identification of different molecular groups and subgroups in medulloblastoma. So, in the CNS5, the emerged group 3 and group 4 belong to the classification, and the four molecular and morphologic types are now combined into a unique section. Among other embryonal tumors, two new recognized entities are introduced in CNS5: CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated, and CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD). Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), already present in the previous classification now has a revised nomenclature as a result of the new DICER1 alteration, additional to the formerly known C19MC. Regarding atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), three molecular subgroups are recognized in CNS5. The combination of histopathological and molecular features reflects the complexity of all these tumors and gives critical information in terms of prognosis and therapy. This encourages the use of a layered diagnostic report with the integrated diagnosis at the top, succeeded by layers including the histological, molecular, and other essential details
SU UN CASO DI MACROADENOMA SILENTE IPOFISARIO A CELLULE GH DI TIPO "SPARSELY GRANULATED" CON ESPRESSIONE DI NEUROFILAMENTI
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Intrameningioma metastasis as first clinical manifestation of occult primary breast carcinoma
No full textMetastasis from extracranial tumor into an intracranial primary tumor is an uncommon event. A predominant tendency of meningioma to be the host tumor for breast carcinoma has been found. In the current report, three cases of breast carcinoma metastatic to intracranial meningiomas are described. In our cases, metastasis in meningioma was the first clinical manifestation of the occult primitive breast carcinoma. We review widely the literature concerning such rare occurrences and discuss all the postulated pathogenetic mechanisms. There are few cases reported in the literature on resonance magnetic imaging of metastatic carcinoma in meningioma. Two of our patients have been studied by MRI, but we do not find predictive radiological finding of this particular associatio
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