1,721,458 research outputs found
Endoscopy and histology in inflammatory bowel diseases patients: Complementary or alternatives?-Author's reply.
No full textNew endoscopic tools in inflammatory bowel disease
Full text linkEndoscopic remission is now considered the ultimate long‐term goal for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent advances in endoscopic techniques have progressively added new tools to the armamentarium of endoscopists for a deeper assessment and characterisation of the intestinal mucosa. Virtual Electronic chromoendoscopy is widely available in the endoscopic units, leading to a more accurate evaluation of the vascular and mucosal architecture of the colon, reducing the gap with histology, which is considered a favourable long‐term measure. In addition, advanced, sophisticated techniques such as endocytoscope and confocal laser endomicroscopy provide insights into individualised and personalised IBD therapy. Finally, high expectations are placed on the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with promising applications that have the potential to revolutionise IBD diagnosis and management. Here, we discuss state‐of‐the‐art of endoscopic techniques and their applicability to accurate assess endoscopic and histological remission, predict response to therapy and detect, characterise and guide treatment of colonic dysplastic lesions. We are seeing the dawn of a new era wherein the applications of these new endoscopic tools, hand in hand with AI, offer the most incredible opportunity to deliver precision medicine to patients with IBD
One-step pulsed laser deposition of carbon/metal oxynitride composites for supercapacitor application
Full text linkAdvanced material composite of nanocarbons and metal-based materials provides a synergistic effect to obtain excellent electrochemical charge-storage performance and other properties. Herein, 3D porous carbon-metal oxynitride nanocomposites with tunable carbon/metal and oxygen/nitrogen ratio are synthesized uniquely by simultaneous ablation from two different targets by single-step pulsed laser deposition at room temperature. Co-ablation of titanium and vanadium nitride targets together with graphite allowed us to synthesize carbon-metal oxynitride porous nanocomposite and exploit them as a binder-free thin film supercapacitor electrode in aqueous electrolyte. We show that the elemental composition ratio and hence the structural properties can be tuned by selecting target configuration and by manipulating the ablation position. We investigate how this tuning capability impacts their charge-storage performances. We anticipate the utilization of as-synthesized various composites in a single PLD production run as next-generation active materials for flexible energy storage and optoelectronic applications
Can advanced endoscopic techniques for assessment of mucosal inflammation and healing approximate histology in inflammatory bowel disease?
Full text linkThe targets of therapy in inflammatory bowel disease have transformed in the last few years. The standard definition of mucosal healing assessed using white light standard definition endoscopy, is being challenged because even when endoscopy suggests mucosal healing, the presence of histological activity often can be still observed. Of note, microscopic signs of inflammation correlate with clinical outcomes such as risk of relapse, hospitalization and colorectal cancer. Therefore, histological healing has increasingly become an important target to achieve. Advanced endoscopic technologies have been developed and many are starting to be adopted in daily clinical practice. They can provide a more detailed view of the mucosal and vascular architecture almost at the histology level, including crypt, vessel architecture and cellular infiltration. So, these can provide a more accurate definition of mucosal and histological healing. In this review we focus on new advanced endoscopic techniques, and how these have the potential to decrease the gap between histological and mucosal healing
Soluble Blood Markers of Mucosal Healing in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Future of Noninvasive Monitoring
No full text: The traditional management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) based on symptom control is not considered valid anymore by most specialists in this field, and a new paradigm called "treat to target" has been introduced. This is based on the assessment of disease activity using objective measures. The identification of noninvasive biomarkers is crucial to diagnosis and monitor IBD because frequent endoscopic examinations are costly and uncomfortable for the patient. In this review, we focus on blood markers that may be able to assess mucosal healing (MH) in IBD and recent advances in this area. Introduction of commercial panel to predict MH opens the way for further developments so that colonoscopy or fecal markers may be avoided in some patients. This may also permit frequent monitoring for therapeutic response and achieve MH. It is a challenging area of research to identify a panel of biomarkers that may reflect inflammation and healing to serve as a surrogate of MH
Unraveling interfacial interactions in reduced Nb2CTx/GO heterostructures for highly stable and transparent narrow-band photoelectrochemical photodetectors
Full text linkThe rapid advancement of nanomaterial-based thin-film processing has significantly contributed to the development of multifunctional optoelectronic devices. Among novel nanomaterials, MXenes, 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides have garnered substantial attention due to their high optical transparency, tunable optical properties, and excellent electrochemical performance. In particular, niobium carbide (Nb2CTx) MXene holds great promise for photoelectrochemical photodetectors (PEC PDs) due to its narrow-band photodetection capability, solution-processing, and stability under light irradiation. However, current Nb2CTx-based and 2D-based PEC PDs, in general, suffer from low photocurrent density, limited optical transparency, and poor environmental stability, hindering their practical applications. In this study, we developed a polymeric binder-free transparent reduced Nb2CTx/graphene oxide (r-Nb2CTx/GO) heterostructured thin film using a facile layer-by-layer technique. Incorporating reduced GO not only assists in improving the electrical conductivity of the heterostructure but also serves as a binder for MXene flakes. We systematically investigate the physicochemical properties of the film, its photodetection, and electrochemical performance. The optimized film exhibits outstanding transparency (70% at 550 nm), narrow-band photodetection response in the ultraviolet region, an excellent photoresponsivity of 50.21 mu A W-1, and high environmental stability. Altogether, this study paves the way for developing Nb2CTx-based heterostructures for highly sensitive and environmentally stable transparent PEC PDs
KOH-activated micrometer-thick amorphous carbon nanofoam as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode with high-rate performance
Full text linkWe demonstrate an aqueous supercapacitor based on self-standing, porous, hydrophilic, and 26-μm-thick activated carbon nanofoam. The device delivers an areal (volumetric) capacitance of 95.4 mF/cm2 (18.3 F/cm3) at 2 mA with retention of 103% at 20 mA and achieves a voltage of 1 V, superior compared to pristine and annealed examples
Cumulenic sp‐Carbon atomic wires wrapped with polymer for supercapacitor application
Full text linkCarbyne, the ideal linear atomic wire consisting of a single-atom thick chain of sp-carbon, is theoretically predicted to have around five times higher surface area than graphene, notable charge mobilities, as well as excellent optical and thermal properties. Despite these impressive properties, the exploitation of carbyne-like system as an electrochemical energy-storage electrode has not been reported so far. To address this challenge, we focused on experimentally available finite and short linear atomic chain of sp-carbon. Herein, we prepare solution-processed thin films of tetraphenyl [3]cumulenic sp-carbon atomic wires embedded in a polymer matrix, in which sp-carbon atomic wires feature three cumulated carbon-carbon double bonds terminated at each end by two phenyl groups. Raman and UV–visible spectroscopy confirms the presence of sp-carbons inside the polymeric matrix. Finally, we investigate the supercapacitor performance of cumulenic sp-carbon atomic wires embedded polymer in three aqueous electrolytes, namely 1 M Na2SO4 (neutral), 1 M H2SO4 (acidic), and 6 M KOH (basic). The results suggest 6 M KOH is the best electrolyte to obtain high charge-storage performance of device with areal capacitance of 2.4 mF/cm2 at 20 mV/s, 85 % cycle stability after 10000 charge-discharge cycles, and excellent frequency response
Stance Classification in Online Debates
No full textThis paper proposes an unsupervised debate stance classification algorithm. In other
words, finding which side a post author is taking in an online debate. Stance detection
plays complementary role in information retrieval, text summarization, etc. Existing
techniques are not able to handle two challenges in stance detection, namely, whether
a given post is a debate or not? If the post is a debate on a given topic, correctly
classify the side that the post author is taking. In this paper we propose techniques that
addresses both the above issues. Compared to existing technique our technique leads to
30% improvement in detection of whether a post is a debate or not. Our technique is able
to find the side that an author is taking in debate by 10% higher F1 score compared to
existing work. We achieve this improvement by using new syntactic rules, better aspect
popularity detection, co-reference resolution, and a novel integer linear programming
model to solve the problem
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