71 research outputs found
Scalable functional validation of next generation SoCs
No full textSystem-on-Chips (SoCs) constitutes the primary backbone of modern embedded computing devices including many safety-critical applications e.g., autonomous vehicles, health care systems. The presence of any undetected bugs in these systems would have aberrant cost both in terms of safety and reliability and can cause loss of property or life. Hence, SoC validation is a crucial task to ensure the functional correctness of an SoC. The sheer size, presence of hundreds of concurrently executing heterogeneous IPs, vertical integration of SoC components e.g., hardware/firmware/software to realize multiple functionality, and application-level relevance of components present a new spectrum of validation challenges that have rendered the traditional microprocessor validation paradigm moot in the context of SoC validation. The challenges include observability enhancement and debug and diagnosis under the constraint of vertical integrations, identifying high-quality verification artifacts among others. In industrial practice, SoC validation is a manual, unsystematic, and ad hoc process that heavily relies on the expertise and the creativity of the validator. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop scalable and efficient algorithms of industrial relevance to address this massive ongoing challenge of SoC validation.
This dissertation makes contributions to both post-silicon and pre-silicon validation of SoCs, with highly impactful contributions to next-generation post-silicon SoC validation. We use top-down analysis, a higher level of abstraction, and application relevance as the key ideas to automate post-silicon observability enhancement for industrial scale SoCs and scale observability to design that is more than 300x the size of designs that have been presented in the academic literature so far. Our observability enhancement solution can be applied at the netlist-level, behavioral level, and at the system-wide application level to select high-quality signals that are most beneficial for post-silicon debug and diagnosis. We apply a feature engineering based machine learning technique on the observed signal data to develop an automatic, scalable, and efficient post-silicon debug and diagnosis solution. The key idea is to learn the correct and erroneous design behavior automatically from trace data without prior design knowledge. We believe our debugging solution can automate post-silicon debug and diagnosis, where manual debugging is the norm. The quality of SoC verification and validation heavily depends on the quality of verification artifacts e.g., assertions. To automate and expedite identification of high-functional coverage assertions that are useful for regression analysis, localization, etc., we have also developed a comprehensive ranking scheme for assertions. The key idea is to identify assertions that capture important design behaviors by analyzing the design source code.
Our SoC validation solutions are scalable and efficient. We consistently show orders of magnitude speedup improvements over the state-of-the-art while objectively improving quality of results. We have shown that going forward application-level analysis is the key to scale post-silicon validation to industrial scale SoCs. Our proposed validation solutions can plug into the existing industrial validation process to introduce automation in the current unsystematic, ad hoc, manual settings with multiple order of magnitudes of benefit.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01The student, Debjit Pal, accepted the attached license on 2019-07-11 at 09:37.The student, Debjit Pal, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-07-11 at 09:53.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-07-11 at 10:56.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14264 on 2019-11-26 at 13:05:22Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T20:49:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2019-07-11Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112957
Lift date: 2021-11-26T20:49:41Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 112957 on 2021-11-27T10:15:23Z
Additional file 1: of Acute and sub-acute (30-day) toxicity studies of Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb., leaves extract in Wistar rats: safety assessment of a rare mangrove traditionally utilized as pain antidote
No full textTable S1. Urine analysis of male rats treated with ARELE at different doses for a period of 30âdays. Table S2. Urine analysis of female rats treated with ARELE at different doses for a period of 30âdays. Table S3. Functional Observational Battery (FOB) scores for neurotoxicological investigation. Table S4. Effects of ARELE on behavioural endpoints of the FOB on initial week (Day 0). Table S5. Effects of ARELE on behavioural endpoints of the FOB on final week (Day 30). (DOCX 37 kb
Retraction Note: Acute and sub-acute (30-day) toxicity studies of Aegialitis Rotundifolia Roxb., leaves extract in Wistar rats: safety assessment of a rare mangrove traditionally utilized as pain antidote
No full text
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING USING LC-Q-TOF-MS ANALYSIS AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF A RARE SALT-SECRETING MANGROVE AEGIALITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA ROXB. LEAVES EXTRACT
No full textObjective: The present work deals with the qualitative study of the phytoconstituents present in Aegialitis rotundifolia Roxb., ethanolic leaves extract and evaluate its antioxidant properties in vitro.
Methods: The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract was performed first using preliminary phytochemical tests and then by liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). The antioxidant properties were investigated comprehensively using seven in vitro models viz., 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, superoxide (SOD) radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay, reducing power (RP), and total antioxidant activity.
Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of several important phytochemical groups whereas the LC-Q-TOF-MS analysis detected 25 phytoconstituents in the extract mostly belonging to flavonoids and alkaloids. The test extract showed strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity in all the seven in vitro models, however, the activity of the extracts was slightly lower compared to the reference standard ascorbic acid.
Conclusion: The test extract showed strong antioxidant properties which could be possibly due to the phytoconstituents detected in the extract
SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYTOCONSTITUENTS ISOLATED FROM A RARE MANGROVE AEGIALITIS ROTUNDIFOLIA ROXB., LEAVES AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE EXTRACT
No full textObjective: The aim of the study is to isolate and characterize the phytochemicals from the leaves of a rare and unexplored mangrove Aegialitis rotundifolia and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the crude extract.
Methods: The dried powdered plant material was extracted with ethanol, and the ethanol extract obtained was dissolved in distilled water and partitioned using n-hexane first and then ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to column chromatography for isolation of phytocompounds. The isolated compounds were characterized using infrared (IR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), mass spectroscopy, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was performed using the well diffusion method against four bacterial strains and two fungal strains.
Results: Three pure compounds were isolated from the leaves of Aegialitis rotundifolia, namely, 3,4-dimethyl benzoic acid, 3’-methoxy-4’-hydroxy-flavan-3-ol, and 3’,7-dimethoxy-dimethyl-4’,3,5-trihydroxy flavone which were confirmed by spectroscopic studies. Strong antibacterial activity was shown by the test extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus showed average and nil activity, respectively. The antifungal activity of the test extract was found to be strong for both the fungal strains, namely, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
Conclusion: The results of the present study show that the isolated compounds were confirmed to be 3,4-dimethyl benzoic acid, 3’-methoxy-4’- hydroxy-flavan-3-ol, and 3’,7-dimethoxy-dimethyl-4’,3,5-trihydroxy flavone and the test extracts showed potent antimicrobial activity for all the bacterial and fungal strains except E. coli and B. cereus which showed average and nil activity, respectively
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC AND UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE QUANTIFICATION OF CAPECITABINE
No full textObjective: The objective of the present study was to develop and validate a new liquid chromatographic technique and four new spectrophotometric methods for the quantitative estimation of Capecitabine.Methods: In the first method, the chromatographic technique was carried out in isocratic technique on Shimadzu Model CBM-20A/20 Alite HPLC system, equipped with SPD M20A prominence PDA detector with Zorbax C18 (150 mm × 4.6 mm i. d, 5 µm particle size) column. The method was optimized with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1 % Acetic acid and Acetonitrile (35:65, v/v) with flow rate 0.5 ml/min. In second, third, fourth and fifth methods, spectrophotometric techniques were applied. The absorption maximum (λmax) was observed at 305 nm, 305 nm, 303 nm and 297 nm for method B (developed in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid), C (developed in sodium acetate buffer pH 4.0), D (developed in phosphate buffer pH 7.0) and E (developed in borate buffer pH 9.0) respectively. Different validation parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), robustness were also determined.Results: The linearity of the calibration curves for the analyte in the desired concentration range is good for both the HPLC (R2 = 0.9994) and UV methods. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.02354 μg/ml and 0.07162 μg/ml respectively. The % RSD values for the validation parameters (precision and accuracy) were less than 2.0%.Conclusion: The proposed chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods were validated and can be applied for the determination of Capecitabine in pharmaceutical formulations.Keywords: Capecitabine, UV spectrophotometric, ÂÂForced degradation, RP-HPLC, Method validatio
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