86,618 research outputs found
Proteomics in Mycorrhizal and plant pathogenic fungi
No full textIn the last years, the use of new -omics techniques have improved fungal studies by leading to new research opportunities able to get new insight regarding all aspects of environmental adaption and life cycle. In this context, the use of proteomic tools revealed new information about the fungal lifestyle, highlighting new insights into their relationships with plants. The present article focuses on two important fungal research fields, mycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi, to get an accurate picture from the most recent proteomic studies and the milestones that have improved the knowledge of the complex metabolism of these fascinating species called fungi
A new UHP unit in the Western Alps: First occurrence of coesite from the Monviso Massif (Italy)
No full textThe Western Alps are one of the most studied exhumed subduction-accretionary complexes worldwide. Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism has been documented there since the 1980s. We now report the first discovery of coesite in the meta-ophiolitic suite of the Monviso Massif, corresponding to the fourth UHP unit defined on the Western Alps. Previous petrographic studies and results from thermodynamic modeling already suggested that these Alpine units may have experienced UHP metamorphism, but no occurrences of index minerals, such as coesite, have been reported to date. The newly discovered coesite inclusions from the Monviso Massif occur as intact single crystals (10-60 mu m) hosted by garnet. The observations suggest that they have escaped re-equilibration and maintained all the original features from the trapping time. The reduced size of the crystals and the lack of re-equilibration significantly differ from the typical textural features described in past findings (i.e., radial cracks, palisade texture of quartz surrounding coesite relicts). Detailed garnet inclusions analysis and thermodynamic modeling constrained the metamorphic peak conditions at P = 2.8-2.9 GPa and T = 500-520 degrees C within the coesite stability field.The Lago Superiore Unit represents the fourth UHP unit discovered on the Western Alps. The UHP metamorphism on the Western Alps was considered rare due to the escape process of unusual units from mantle depths. In our view, the implication of our discovery provides new insight into UHP processes that seem to be more common than expected. Further tectonic reconstructions should take into account the common features observed in the UHP units to better constrain the subduction- and exhumation-related mechanisms that drove the actual stacking of mountain belts
Monitoreo remoto y visualización en tiempo real de sistemas de\nseñalamiento ferroviario
No full textEste trabajo describe el proceso mediante el cual una herramienta de software para simulación y desarrollo de sistemas ferroviarios fue adaptada para visualizar información provista en tiempo real por sistemas embebidos de monitoreo. Se detalla la arquitectura de software utilizada en la interfaz de visualización y el flujo de datos implementado en los elementos de monitoreo. También se describen las pruebas realizadas en campo para verificar el correcto funcionamiento del sistema y su aplicabilidad inmediata en el control\ndiario de la red ferroviaria.\nFil: Ghignone, R. UTN-FRH. GICSAFE - Grupo de Aplicaciones en Sistemas Embebidos. Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Larosa, F. UTN-FRH. GICSAFE - Grupo de Aplicaciones en Sistemas Embebidos. Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Dórdolo, L. CGICSAFE - Gerencia de Señalamiento, Línea Mitre, Trenes Argentinos Operaciones. Buenos Aires; Argentina.Fil: Lutenberg, A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Laboratorio de Sistemas Embebidos. GICSAFE. Buenos Aires; Argentina
Functional recovery in senior adults undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer: Assessment tools and strategies to preserve functional status
No full textColorectal cancer is a widely-recognized aging-associated disease. Recent advances in the care of senior colorectal cancer patients has led to similar cancer-related life expectancy for older patients when compared to their younger counterparts. Recent data suggests that onco-geriatric patients place as much value on maintenance of functional independence and quality of life after treatment as they do on the potential improvements in survival that a treatment might offer. As a result, there has been significant interest in the geriatric literature surrounding the concept of “functional recovery,” a multidimensional outcome metric that takes into account several domains, including physical, physiologic, psychological, social, and economic wellbeing. This review introduces the concept of functional recovery and highlights a number of predictors of post-treatment functional trajectory, including several office-based tools that clinicians can use to help guide informed decision making surrounding potential treatment options. This review also highlights a number of validated metrics that can be used to assess a patient's progress in functional recovery after surgery. While the timeline of each individual's functional recovery may vary, most data suggests that if patients are to return to their pre-operative functional status, this could occur up to 6 months post-surgery. For those patients identified to be at risk for post-operative functional decline this review also delineates strategies for prehabilitation and rehabilitation that may improve functional outcomes
Is the Imposition of Diamond Morphology on Mineral Inclusions a Syngenetic or Post-Genetic Process with Respect to Diamond Formation?
No full textRecent studies showed that inclusions of the same phasewithina single diamond are relicts of an original monocrystal that underwenta dissolution event during diamond growth. Interestingly, these inclusionsdeveloped both diamond-imposed (i.e., cubic-octahedral shape) andlobed morphologies with rounded shapes and/or embayments. Whetherthe diamond-imposed morphology is developed during or after entrapmentof the inclusion is unknown. We addressed the problem in two ways:(i) by determining the thermodynamic conditions under which mineralinclusions can modify their size (e.g., a single inclusion separatesto give two inclusions with different size) and morphology, when trappedin diamond and (ii) by critically reviewing and discussing the recentobservations on mineral inclusions in diamond. Accordingly, we developeda thermodynamic model which considers all the involved energetic contributions(i.e., surface and strain energies) to completely describe the Gibbsenergy of a closed system designed to forecast the size evolutionof two adjacent (or a single) inclusions, at constant T and P. Basedon this model and analyzing the existing scientific literature ondiamond, we propose an experimental/observational protocol to evaluatewhether post-entrapment modification of inclusions has occurred.A thermodynamic model was developed tounderstand whetherthe diamond-imposed morphology is developed during or after entrapmentof the inclusio
P325 Risk factors for lymph node involvement in patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis complicated by colorectal cancer in the biological years
No full textUnveiling the intrinsic role of malnutrition in patients with Crohn's disease undergoing major surgery using entropy balancing weighting analysis
No full textThe negative role of malnutrition in patients with Crohn's disease is known; however, many coexisting disease-related factors could cause misinterpretation of the real culprit. This study aimed to describe the role of malnutrition using a novel methodology, entropy balancing. This was a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients undergoing elective major surgery for Crohn's disease, preoperatively screened following the European Society for Clinical Nutrition guidelines. Two-step entropy balancing was applied to the group of malnourished patients to obtain an equal cohort having a null or low risk of malnutrition. The first reweighting homogenised the cohorts for non-modifiable confounding factors. The second reweighting matched the two groups for modifiable nutritional factors, assuming successful treatment of malnutrition. The entropy balancing was evaluated using the d-value. Postoperative results are reported as mean difference or OR, with a 95 % CI. Of the 183 patients, 69 (37·7 %) were at moderate/high risk for malnutrition. The malnourished patients had lower BMI (d = 1·000), Hb (d = 0·715), serum albumin (d = 0·981), a higher lymphocyte count (d = 0·124), Charlson Comorbidity Index (d = 0·257), American Society of Anaesthesiologists (d = 0·327) and Harvey-Bradshaw scores (d = 0·696). Protective loop ileostomy was more frequently performed (d = 0·648) in the malnourished group. After the first reweighting, malnourished patients experienced a prolonged length of stay (mean difference = 1·9; 0·11, 3·71, days), higher overall complication rate (OR 4·42; 1·39, 13·97) and higher comprehensive complication index score (mean difference = 8·9; 2·2 15·7). After the second reweighting, the postoperative course of the two groups was comparable. Entropy balancing showed the independent role of preoperative malnutrition and the possible advantages obtainable from a pre-habilitation programme in Crohn's disease patients awaiting surgery
Personalized surgical management of colorectal cancer in elderly population
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC) in the elderly is extremely common but only a few clinicians are familiar with the complexity of issues which present in the geriatric population. In this phase of the life cycle, treatment is frequently suboptimal. Despite the fact that, nowadays, older people tend to be healthier than in previous generations, surgical undertreatment is frequently encountered. On the other hand, surgical overtreatment in the vulnerable or frail patient can lead to unacceptable postoperative outcomes with high mortality or persistent disability. Unfortunately, due to the geriatric patient being traditionally excluded from randomized controlled trials for a variety of factors (heterogeneity, frailty, etc.), there is a dearth of evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of these patients. The objective of this review was to summarize the most relevant clinical studies available in order to assist clinicians in the management of CRC in the elderly. More than in any other patient group, both surgical and non-surgical management strategies should be carefully individualized in the elderly population affected by CRC. Although cure and sphincter preservation are the primary goals, many other variables need to be taken into account, such as maintenance of cognitive status, independence, life expectancy and quality of life.Colorectal cancer (CRC) in the elderly is extremely common but only a few clinicians are familiar with the complexity of issues which present in the geriatric population. In this phase of the life cycle, treatment is frequently suboptimal. Despite the fact that, nowadays, older people tend to be healthier than in previous generations, surgical undertreatment is frequently encountered. On the other hand, surgical overtreatment in the vulnerable or frail patient can lead to unacceptable postoperative outcomes with high mortality or persistent disability. Unfortunately, due to the geriatric patient being traditionally excluded from randomized controlled trials for a variety of factors (heterogeneity, frailty, etc.), there is a dearth of evidence-based clinical guidelines for the management of these patients. The objective of this review was to summarize the most relevant clinical studies available in order to assist clinicians in the management of CRC in the elderly. More than in any other patient group, both surgical and non-surgical management strategies should be carefully individualized in the elderly population affected by CRC. Although cure and sphincter preservation are the primary goals, many other variables need to be taken into account, such as maintenance of cognitive status, independence, life expectancy and quality of life. © 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved
The Oral Microbiome for Geographic Origin: An Italian Study
No full textThe human oral microbiome has primarily been studied in clinical settings and for medical purposes. More recently, oral microbial research has been incorporated into other areas of study. In forensics, research has aimed to exploit the variation in composition of the oral microbiome to answer forensic relevant topics, such as human identification and geographical provenience. Several studies have focused on the use of microbiome for continental, national, or ethnic origin evaluations. However, it is not clear how the microbiome varies between similar ethnic populations across different regions in a country. We report here a comparison of the oral microbiomes of individuals living in two regions of Italy - Lombardy and Piedmont. Oral samples were obtained by swabbing the donors' oral mucosa, and the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced from the extracted microbial DNA. Additionally, we compared the oral and the skin microbiome from a subset of these individuals, to provide an understanding of which anatomical region may provide more robust results that can be useful for forensic human identification. Initial analysis of the oral microbiota revealed the presence of a core oral microbiome, consisting of nine taxa shared across all oral samples, as well as unique donor characterising taxa in 31 out of 50 samples. We also identified a trend between the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota and the smoking habits, and of Spirochaetota and Synergistota and the age of the enrolled participants. Whilst no significant differences were observed in the oral microbial diversity of individuals from Lombardy or Piedmont, we identified two bacterial families - Corynebacteriaceae and Actinomycetaceae - that showed abundance trends between the two regions. Comparative analysis of the skin and oral microbiota showed significant differences in the alpha (p = 0.0011) and beta (Pr(>F)= 9.999e-05) diversities. Analysis of skin and oral samples from the same donor further revealed that the skin microbiome contained more unique donor characterising taxa than the oral one. Overall, this study demonstrates that whilst the oral microbiome of individuals from the same country and of similar ethnicity are largely similar, there may be donor characterising taxa that might be useful for identification purposes. Furthermore, the bacterial signatures associated with certain lifestyles could provide useful information for investigative purposes. Finally, additional studies are required, the skin microbiome may be a better discriminant for human identification than the oral one
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