196,702 research outputs found
Megymenum distanti Kocorek & Ghate, 2012, new species
No full textMegymenum distanti, new species (Figs. 1–9) Diagnosis. The new species is similar to M. affine BOISDUVAL and M. brevicorne (FABRICIUS) in its body outline and sculpture; nevertheless, it can easily be separated from both of these species by the characters given in the Table 1. Description. Body dark brown with metallic tinge and light brown membrane, elongate, abdomen slightly broader than pronotum (Fig. 1). Head punctured; paraclypei deeply concave and much longer than clypeus; preocular part swollen with small sharp process in female; eyes rounded, protruding and pedunculate, light-brown, ocelli of the same color, interocellar distance 1,8–2,1; antennae 4 -segmented, 1 st segment short, not reaching apex of head, 2 nd long and broad, 3 rd flattened and broadened, 4 th spindle-shaped; rostrum same color as rest of body, reaching mid-coxae, its 1 st segment extending beyond base of head, bucculae lobed, buccular surface convex and rugose, almost of the same color as head. Pronotum generally of same color as head, with numerous fine ridges, and punctures on anterior border which is drawn forwards to form a small collar-like structure behind base of head, bearing small but sharp spines in female; antero-lateral margins rounded without processes, antero-median tuberosity large and conspicuous; lateral pronotal margins irregularly rugged with a single pointed projection; posterior pronotal angles broadly rounded; posterior pronotal margin straight at base of scutellum. tanti new species. Meso- and metasternum with a deep median groove; scent gland spout large and conspicuous, evaporatoria wrinkled. Scutellum with punctures dispersed over its entire surface; prominent cavity-like depressions at basal angles. Corium shorter than scutellum, membrane shorter than abdomen, cream-colored, with brownish patches. Legs uniformly colored, under-surface of femora with ten small spines (more or less distinct) arranged in two rows with distal spines progressively robust or strong, hind tibia of female slightly dilated. Abdominal sterna of same color as remaining parts of body, sparsely punctured; lateral parts of sterna uncovered by hemelytra, well conspicuous; each sternum laterally with small posteriorly directed apical projection and very small median lobe. Male genital capsule with median swollen process on its ventral rim; paramere with small and triangular growth; anterior part of ejaculatory reservoir strongly coiled. Female 9 th paratergite similar to that of M. affine and M. brevicorne, 1 st valvifers with distinct median elevation. Spermathecal bulb small, pumping region well defined, distal and proximal flanges distinct, spermathecal duct membranous, forming folding sack-like structure with minute spines, ring sclerite present. Measurements (in mm). Male: total body length 13.0; abdominal width 7.1; head length 2.3; head width 2.5; interocelar distance 1.8; antennal segments: I 0.7, II 1.6, III 1.3, IV 1.1; pronotal length 3.8; pronotal width 6.4; scutellum length 3.6; width 3.5. Female: total body length 13.9; abdominal width 8.9; head length 2.4; head width 2.7; interocelar distance 2.1; antennal segments: I 0.8, II 1.7, III 1.4, IV 1.1; pronotal length 4.0; pronotal width 7.0; scutellum length 3.9; width 3.9. Type material. Holotype male: India, Pune, August 2010, coll. H.V. Ghate & Sanket Tembe, preserved in the collection of University of Opole at Department of Biosystematics; Paratype female: India, Pune, August 2010, coll. H.V. Ghate & Sanket Tembe, preserved in the collection of Modern College, Pune; an additional pair of male and female paratypes, coll H.V. Ghate (September 2010, same locality), also preserved in the collection of Modern College. Etymology. The species name is dedicated to W.L. Distant, the eminent British entomologist and the author of the Hemiptera volumes in the monumental Fauna of British India series, as well as for many other papers on Hemiptera. Notes on biology. The new species was collected from Pune in August-September 2010 as adults (Fig. 2) and as instars (Fig. 3) on the host plant Diplocyclos palmatus (Cucurbitaceae) (Fig. 4). This climber grows at several places along the roadside on the campus of the University of Pune. The adults as well as nymphs were found to feed exclusively on tender shoots. Mating pairs as well as all stages of nymphs also fed on the same plant, and not on other plants that grow profusely near the side of its host plant. Neither nymphs nor adults smell strongly or release copious secretions when handled.Published as part of Kocorek, Anna & Ghate, Hemant, 2012, Megymenum distanti, a new remarkable species of the Dinidoridae subfamily Megymeninae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dinidoridae) from India, pp. 31-39 in Zootaxa 3218 on pages 31-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21083
Transitional Dynamics in a Growth Model with Distributive Politics
No full textThis paper constructs a heterogenous agent model of endogenous distribution and growth. When the labor leisure choice of agents is exogenous, the factor holding ratios of households converges to a mass point that is independent of the initial distribution of capital in the steady state. There is complete equality and every household's preferred tax rate equals the growth maximizing tax rate. There is no distributive con.ict in the long run. When the labor leisure choice of households is endogenous, there is also complete convergence in the factor holding ratios of agents in the steady state. However, the tax rate under majority voting is less than the growth maximizing tax rate which leads to distributive con.ict in the long run. These results extend the model of endogenous distribution and growth in Das and Ghate (2004) in two ways. First, we assess the impact of redistributive politics on growth by looking at the e.ect of income inequality on the tax rate and labor supply. Second, the model is solved using a more empirically plausible speci.cation of the government budget constraint in which households vote over the tax rate on capital income instead of a tax on wealth. The general insight gained from the analysis is that characterizing the transitional dynamics in a model of redistributive politics and growth is not an intractable proposition.Distributive conflict; Endogenous distribution; Median voter theorem; Endogenous growth
Transitional dynamics in a growth model with distributive politics
No full textThis paper constructs a heterogenous agent model of endogenous distribution and growth. When the labor leisure choice of agents is exogenous, the factor holding ratios of households converges to a mass point that is independent of the initial distribution of capital in the steady state. There is complete equality and every household's preferred tax rate equals the growth maximizing tax rate. There is no distributive con.ict in the long run. When the labor leisure choice of households is endogenous, there is also complete convergence in the factor holding ratios of agents in the steady state. This implies that there is unanimity over preferred tax rates as in the previous case, although the preferred tax rate of households is less than the growth maximizing tax rate. We identify the intuition behind this result. Our results also extend the model of endogenous distribution and growth in Das and Ghate (2004) in two ways. First, we assess the impact of redistributive politics on growth by looking at the e.ect of income inequality on the tax rate and labor supply. Second, the model is solved using a more empirically plausible speci.cation of the government budget constraint in which households vote over the tax rate on capital income instead of a tax on wealth. The general insight gained from the analysis is that characterizing the transitional dynamics in a model of redistributive politics and growth is not an intractable proposition.Distributive Conflict, Endogenous Distribution, Median Voter Theorem, Endogenous growth
Myiophanes (Myiophanes) wygodzinskyi Ghate & Kulkarni & Benjamin 2018, sp. nov.
No full textMyiophanes (Myiophanes) wygodzinskyi sp. nov. (Figs. 1–20) Type material. Holotype: female, Ravana Cave, Ravana Ella, Sri Lanka, 16.iv.2016, leg. Suresh P. Benjamin; will be deposited at Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., United States. Diagnosis. Myiophanes wygodzinskyi sp. nov. is the largest species of Myiophanes (body length 28 mm, all other known congeners are under 23 mm). Besides of the large size it is characterized by the distinctly marked abdominal tergites, the forewings lacking emargination on inner margin near apex, and the presence of a prominent tubercle at the base of the median carina on the hind lobe of the pronotum. Description. Habitus. Elongate and narrow insect, body sub-shining; mid and hind legs extremely long, thread-like; entire body pilose. Coloration. Overall stramineous or pale ochraceous at places, with contrasting dark markings (Figs. 1–2); head dark brown except base, tip of antennal tubercles and clypeus; interocular sulcus slightly paler; labium dark brown, first and second visible segments apically pale; antennomere I brown except pale base, antennomere II darker, antennomere III light brown, antennomere IV almost colorless. Fore lobe of pronotum pale with a broad transverse annulus around its middle, hind lobe mostly dark brown except its extreme anterior portion which is invaded by a pair of obliquely traingular pale areas together forming a W- shaped mark (Fig. 3); scutellum dark brown; ventral side of prothorax pale except middle portion of fore lobe contiguous with above mentioned dark band of pronotum; mesosternum and metasternum dark brown to black; mid and hind coxae dark brown to black except apex (Fig. 10); with a small, pale, transverse patch between mesocoxae. Forelegs: coxa with two dark brown annuli (basal and subapical, each 1.5–2 mm wide); femur with three dark annuli (one near base, one around middle, one subapically, each 1.5–2.5 mm wide, basal widest); tibia with basal one-fifth very pale, middle part pale brown, followed by an ochraceous annulus subapically, apex dark brown; tarsus pale, claws dark brown (Figs. 8, 11). Mid and hind femora pale brown along most of their length except creamy white apex about 2 mm wide, and a subapical dark brown annulus about 2.5 mm wide. Mid and hind tibiae pale brown except of a pale basal annulus of about 3 mm width followed by a dark subbasal annulus of about 2 mm width; tarsi pale brown; claws blackish (Figs. 1, 2). Abdomen dorsally with five dark brown transverse bands of irregular shape, at some places with anterior and posterior fingerlike brown emanating projections on tergites; fourth and fifth transverse dark bands on tergites interrupted, fourth appearing as three broad vertical bands, fifth as fourth but widths of bands even narrower, medians of these bands form an uninterrupted line from fourth segment up to tip; connexivum with matching dark and pale areas (Fig. 17). Female genital segments as shown in Figs. 18–20, entirely dark brown ventro-medially but ochraceous laterally. First dorsal abdominal band about 1.25 mm long, second about 1.75 mm, third about 1.5 mm, fourth 2.0 mm including finger-like processes, fifth about 1.75 mm including finger-like processes; abdominal bands complete ventrally, situated in posterior halves of sternites in some places (Fig. 2). Forewings translucent pale brown, veins slightly darker, with identical patches of brown blotches in middle part of both wings (Fig. 9); hind wings short, translucent and colorless, veins pale brown. Vestiture. Entire body covered with sparse, long and curled hairs of different colors – cream, pale or dark brown. Entire head covered with long, colorless and dark brown setae; first antennal segment with long, black, sparse setae, second, third and fourth with short and dense setae. Pronotum with colorless and dark brown sparse hairs in respective areas; meso and metathorax laterally and ventrally with sparse hairs; scutellum with very few hairs; abdomen with long and short hairs; hairs relatively dense on mid and hind legs than on other parts; microchaetae present on mid and hind legs also long. Meso- and metasterna finely granulate and setose; two oblique, shining longitudinal broad bands on mesosternum without setae; inner side of these with two similar rounded marks at base. Structure. Head elongate oval; eyes large, globose; anteocular region slightly longer than postocular; clypeus prominent, projecting in front of antenniferous tubercles; interocular sulcus transverse, not passing posterior margin of eye. Base of anteocular part with a distinct pit medially near sulcus. Both anteocular and postocular areas slightly convex above; head more or less flat ventrally, slightly medially sulcate. Labium reaching base of fore coxae, first visible segment stout, first and second subequal in length, third longest (Figs. 4–6). Thorax. Prosternum with a strongly ridged stridulatory area between fore coxae. Width of prothorax at anterior angles slightly broader than maximum width of head in dorsal view, gradually narrowed posteriorly, almost parallel-sided in its middle region, then slightly expanding in hind lobe; hind lobe with distinct median carina ending in prominent mid-dorsal tubercle at posterior margin (Fig. 7); humeral angles laterally blunt and slightly produced backward, posterior margin concave (Figs. 3, 7). Fore coxa moderately long, only slightly dilated at base, otherwise of uniform breadth. Fore femur long, as broad as coxa, provided with at least three types of spiniform processes arranged in two series: posteroventral series starting very close to base (first process being 0.5 mm from tip of trochanter); anteroventral series starting slightly distally, first spine being 1.8 mm from tip of trochanter; all spiniform processes with broad base and sharp black pointed process distally; with at least ten long processes in posteroventral series and seven to eight similar processes in anteroventral series; apical 2 mm part of fore femur with very minute spiniform processes (Fig. 13). Fore tibia more slender than both coxa and femur, also slightly curved; tibia and tarsus together slightly shorter than femur. Tibia with single row of small, stiff spiniform processes on ventral surface (Figs. 12, 14). Fore tarsus three-segmented, segments subequal in length; outer claw with six comb-like, small spines close to base (Fig. 15). Mid and hind legs very long and slender, without any spiniform processes; both mid and hind femora extending beyond tip of abdomen (Figs. 1–2) and pilose (Fig. 16). Forewings broad, extending beyond abdominal tip by about 2 mm, with venation as shown in Fig. 9. Abdomen slender, parallel-sided. Intersegmental boundaries indistinct dorsally, visible at places and marked by dark band ventrally. Eighth tergite transverse, small, ninth not sclerotized (Fig. 18). Seventh sternite moderately large, slightly emarginate posteriorly, not entirely covering gonocoxites; syngonapophysis visible (Fig. 19). Lateral view of female terminalia as in Fig. 20. Measurements (in mm). Total length (from apex of head tip of forewing) 28.0. Head length 2.5, eye diameter from lateral side 0.5; anteocular region 1.7, postocular 1.0; with of head at eye 1.5, interocular distance 0.8, width at level of antenniferous tubercles 0.8, width immediately posteriad of eye 1; width of narrowest region of neck 0.5; length of antennal segments I 17.0, II 18.0, III 1.1, IV 2.1; length of visible labial segments I 1.0, II 1.0, III 1.2; length of pronotum 6.4, width at anterior angles in dorsal view 1.6, width at constriction 0.5, width at humeral angles 2.5, length of fore lobe 3.9, of hind lobe 2.5. Lengths of fore leg: coxa 6.0, femur 11.0, tibia 9.0, tarsus 1.1; lengths of mid leg: femur 22.0, tibia 36.5, tarsus 1.0; lengths of hind leg: femur 28.0, tibia 44.0, tarsus 1.0; length of abdomen along meson ventrally 16.0. Etymology. The species is named in the honor of the late Pedro Wygodzinsky, a taxonomist renowned, among others, for his voluminous contribution to Emesinae. Differential diagnosis and discussion Based on the shape of pronotum, forewing venation and size of seventh sternite in female, Wygodzinsky (1966) defined three subgenera within Myiophanes. The present new species belongs to the nominotypical subgenus Myiophanes s. str. because the pronotum has a very large, dark colored triangular area on the hind lobe (in the subgenera Paramyiophanes and Perimyiophanes the pronotum is uniformly testaceous or provided with a whitish stripe on the median portion of the hind lobe). Myiophanes (M.) greeni, the only other species of this genus and subgenus occurring in Sri Lanka, differs from M. wygodzinskyi sp. nov. in its markedly smaller size (body length about 19 mm, as opposed to 28 mm in the new species) and the coloration of its pronotum, forewing and abdomen; M. (M.) greeni has been illustrated in detail by Kulkarni & Ghate (2016, figs. 1, 3, 4). In some respects M. wygodzinskyi sp. nov. is similar in coloration to two species described by Rédei (2005), especially M. (M.) zebrina Rédei, 2005, from Bangalore, which also has a broad triangular dark mark on the hind lobe of pronotum, but M. zebrina is a significantly smaller species (body length only 19.8 mm), similarly to M. (M.) incompta Rédei, 2005 (body length 17.5 mm), described from a single female collected in Pakistan. All three species, namely M. greeni, M. zebrina and M. incompta, appear to have different forewing coloration than that of M. wygodzinskyi sp. nov.; and in M. wygodzinskyi sp. nov. the pale triangular markings on the hind lobe of the pronotum are narrower and shorter than in all of the other species mentioned above. Myiophanes (M.) tipulina Reuter, 1881 (illustrated by Wygodzinsky 1966: fig. 80A) is entirely different in its coloration, the size and shape of its pronotum, as well as being smaller. In M. wygodzinskyi sp. nov. the pronotum is nearly 2.6 times longer than its maximum width at the humeral angles and its fore lobe is 1.5 times as long as median length of its hind lobe, therefore the fore lobe of the pronotum of the new species is much longer than most other species of this genus (see Rédei 2005). Another relatively large-bodied species (total length 21 mm) is M. (M.) kempi China, 1924, described from Siju Caves in Assam (China in Kemp 1924), but apart from its size and coloration (especially that of the abdomen), the head of this species is as long as fore lobe of pronotum, whereas it is much shorter in M. wygodzinskyi sp. nov. Myiophanes (M.) fluitaria McAtee & Malloch, 1926 (body length: 23 mm) and M. (M.) annulifera McAtee & Malloch, 1926 (body length: 15 mm), both described from the Malay Peninsula, have a markedly differently coloured forewing that is deeply emarginate apically (McAtee & Malloch 1926: figs. 34–35). Finally, M. (M.) blotei Wygodzinsky, 1966, from Sumatra (body length: 17.5 mm length) differs in size and coloration from M. wygodzinskyi sp. nov. The presence of a median carina terminating in a distinct tubercle at base of hind lobe of pronotum is apparently a unique character of M. wygodzinskyi sp. nov. not documented in any other species of Myiophanes before.Published as part of Ghate, Hemant V., Kulkarni, Siddharth & Benjamin, Suresh P., 2018, Giant assassin in the cave: a new species of the genus Myiophanes from Sri Lanka (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae), pp. 237-244 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on pages 238-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/261050
Copelatus maushomi Sheth & Ghate & Hájek 2018
No full textCopelatus maushomi s p. nov. (Figs 4, 21–22) Type locality. India, Maharashtra, 120 km NE of Mumbai, Igatpuri environment, 19°42.3′N, 73°33.1′E, 600 m a.s.l. Type material. Holotype ♂ (NMPC), labelled: "INDIA occ. centr. / MAHARASHTRA prov. / 120 km NE of MUMBAI / IGATPURI env., 600m [printed] // INDIA 2002 Expedition / 19°42.17′N, 73°33.06′E / 1. – 12. VIII. 2002 / P.Šípek & M.Fikáček leg. [printed] // HOLOTYPE / COPELATUS / maushomi sp. nov. / S. Sheth et al. det. 2016 [red label, printed]" (NMPC). Paratypes: 4♂, 1♀ same data as holotype (LHCM, NMPC, ZSMG). Each paratype is provided with the respective red printed label. Description of male holotype. Habitus (Fig. 4) elongate oblong oval, nearly parallel sided; outline not continuous as pronotal posterior corners protrude; broadest in basal third of pronotum; very slightly convex. Dorsal surface matt due to dense striolation. Coloration. Dorsally almost uniformly testaceous; head slightly darker than pronotum and elytra, infuscate posterior to eyes; pronotum indistinctly infuscate on disc; elytra laterally and apically somewhat paler; appendages testaceous. Ventral part testaceous to brownish. Head. Moderately broad, ca. 0.6× width of pronotum, almost semicircular. Labrum medially emarginate. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave. Antennae with antennomeres slender, club-shaped, antennomere I longest. Eyes emarginate anterolaterally, small, eye width only ca. 0.1× width of head. Reticulation consisting of well impressed polygonal meshes; meshes slightly larger in anterior region. Rather long, longitudinal or oblique strioles present between eyes and on vertex. Punctation double; several large setigerous punctures present in fronto-clypeal depressions, frontal depressions at level of anterior margin of eyes, and in depressions along inner margin of eyes; very fine and sparsely distributed punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation, punctures denser posteriorly. Pronotum. Transverse, broadest in basal third. Anterior angles acute, posterior angles rectangular. Sides largely and evenly curved, with lateral beading very thin and indistinct. Anterior margin straight, posterior margin sinuate. Surface reticulation consisting of polygonal meshes, similar to that of head, but slightly less impressed. Disc of pronotum completely longitudinally striolate; strioles mostly long, well impressed, rarely confluent; few short, shallow strioles present between long strioles. Punctation double; row of coarse setigerous punctures present along anterior margin, basal margin (except medially), and laterally close to sides; fine punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation. Scutellar shield broadly triangular. Elytra. Elytral striation consisting of nine complete shallow discal striae; striae almost imperceptible due to dense striolation of elytra. Strioles very long, rarely confluent. Surface reticulation consisting of fine, shallowly impressed isodiametric polygonal meshes. Punctation consisting of setigerous punctures only, few punctures present along elytral striae, but predominantly apically and along lateral margin of elytra; fine punctures, due to dense striolation not perceptible. Legs. Protibia modified, angled near base, distinctly broadened anteriorly, club shaped. Pro- and mesotarsomeres 1–3 distinctly broadened, with four rows of adhesive setae on their ventral side. Ventral side. Prosternum sinuate anteriorly, obtusely keeled medially. Prosternal process shortly lanceolate, in cross-section convex, apex rounded; distinctly bordered laterally; reticulation or punctation absent. Metaventrite with microsculpture consisting of polygonal meshes; punctation imperceptible. Lateral parts of metaventrite ('metasternal wings') tongue-shaped, slender. Metacoxal lines well impressed, incomplete—absent in anterior fourth. Metacoxal plates covered with deep, longitudinal or oblique strioles; reticulation consisting of elongate, longitudinal polygonal meshes. Punctation on metacoxae absent. Metacoxal processes rounded and incised at posterior margin. Abdominal ventrites I–II with longitudinal strioles; ventrites III–IV with oblique strioles laterally, absent medially. Abdominal reticulation consisting of elongate polygonal meshes, longitudinal on ventrites I–II, oblique on ventrite III and transverse on ventrites IV–VI. Punctation consisting of fine punctures medially, and larger and deeper punctures laterally. Male genitalia. Median lobe in lateral aspect almost evenly curved; narrowing from base to pointed apex; broadest in middle (Fig. 21). A fold present till subapical region. Parameres more or less 'D'-shaped, slightly sinuate on outer margin, apex very narrow and long; apical lobe club-shaped (Fig. 22). Female. Females do not differ in external morphology from male except for nearly straight, apically less broadened protibia, and slender pro- and mesotarsi without adhesive setae. Variability. All specimens of the type series are rather uniform and vary only in extent of infuscation of head and pronotum. Measurements (N=5). TL: 4.6–5.0 mm (holotype: 4.8 mm); Tl-h: 4.2–4.5 mm (holotype: 4.4 mm); MW: 2.0– 2.1 mm (holotype: 2.0 mm). Differential diagnosis. Based on the presence of nine dorsal striae on the elytra, the new species can be tentatively classified within the Copelatus consors species group sensu Guignot (1961). This group so far contains eighteen species: 11 in the Afrotropical and seven in the Nearctic region (Nilsson & Hájek 2018). Copelatus maushomi sp. nov. does not seem to be related to any species of the C. consors group. With small eyes, pronotum distinctly broader than elytra, and elytra with dense striolation, the new species has very unique appearance within all known Copelatus species. The shape of the male median lobe suggests that the species may be related to Indian species of the C. nigrolineatus group— C. deccanensis sp. nov. and C. schuhi. Etymology. The species is named after the 'maushom'—a local name for the monsoon, indicating that the specimens were collected at the beginning of the monsoon season. The name is a noun in the genitive case. Collecting circumstances. The specimens were collected in small deep pools in a stony stream below a table mountain (Fig. 44). The place was visited at the beginning of the monsoon. Sudden large amount of water could have brought the specimens to the normal stream from less accessible habitat, e.g. wet gravels on the stream bottom or other interstitial water habitats (M. Fikáček, pers. comm. 2017). Distribution. The species is so far known only from the type locality (Fig. 45).Published as part of Sheth, Sayali D., Ghate, Hemant V. & Hájek, Jiří, 2018, Copelatus Erichson, 1832 from Maharashtra, India, with description of three new species and notes on other taxa of the genus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae), pp. 235-260 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 244-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/145854
Coelostoma nostocinum Sheth & Ghate & Fikáček 2020, sp. nov.
No full textCoelostoma (s. str.) nostocinum sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B069E8DC-6096-4292-B70D-93D6C5CB7337 Fig. 5 A–K Differential diagnosis Coelostoma nostocinum sp. nov. is characterized by smaller body size, by which it especially resembles C. vividum. Its male genitalia with the triangular median lobe easily distinguish it from all species except C. fallaciosum and C. aeneolum. The species may be distinguished from C. fallaciosum by its much shorter median lobe (compared to parameres) with straight lateral margins (concave in C. fallaciosum) and wider apex, and by the more or less symmetrically pointed apex of the paramere (strongly asymmetrical in C. fallaciosum). Coelostoma nostocinum sp. nov. is very similar to C. aeneolum, but may be distinguished from it by its (1) smaller body size (3.5–4.5 mm, compared to 4.6 mm in C. aeneolum), (2) larger aedeagus (0.7 mm, compared to 0.4 mm in C. aeneolum), (3) relatively longer apodemes of the median lobe (longer than half of the length of the apical triangular part of the median lobe, compared to much shorter than half the length in C. aeneolum) and (4) paramere distinctly concave on outer margin subapically and pointed apically (compared to evenly arcuate on whole outer margin and more less rounded apically in C. aeneolum). Etymology The species name refers to the finding of the holotype of this species in association with Nostoc Vaucher ex Bornet & Flahault (see Biology). Material examined Holotype INDIA • ♂; “ GOA province, 30 km S of MARGAO (Madgaon), Palolem env., INDIA 2002 exped; 15º00.47ʹN 74º01.56ʹE ” [15º00ʹ38.37ʺ N, 74º01ʹ23.76ʺ E]; 0–20 m a.s.l.; 12–14 Aug. 2002; P. Šípek and M. Fikáček leg; found in Nostoc -like algae; NMPC. Paratypes INDIA – Goa • 11 specs; same collection data as for holotype; NMPC • 2 specs; same collection data as for holotype; BMNH • 1 spec; same collection data as for holotype; UASB 01923074 • 1 spec; same collection data as for holotype; ZSI • 3 specs; “ 30 km S of Margao, Palolem env.; 15º00.47ʹ N, 74º01.56ʹ E ” [15º00ʹ38.37ʺ N, 74º01ʹ23.76ʺ E]; 0–20 m a.s.l.; 12–14 Aug. 2002; M. Fikáček and P. Šípek leg.; NMPC. – Maharashtra • 1 ♂, 33 specs; “ 4 km W of Lonavala, Bushi dam env.” [Bhushi dam]; [18º45ʹ22.31ʺ N, 73º24ʹ32.95ʺ E]; 500 m a.s.l.; 24–28 Oct. 2005; J. Bezděk leg.; at light; NMPC • 3 specs; same collection data as for preceding; SMNS • 1 ♂, 1 spec.; “ 4 km S of Lonavala, Bushi dam env.” [Bhushi dam]; [18º43ʹ24.35ʺ N, 73º23ʹ49.43ʺ E]; 500 m a.s.l.; 12–15 Oct. 2005; J. Bezděk leg.; NMPC • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NCBS BL020 • 2 ♂♂, 3 specs; Lonavala, 80 km E of Bombay; [18º45ʹ21.96ʺ N, 73º24ʹ32.40ʺ E]; [630 m a.s.l.]; 13 Sep. 1991; R. Schuh leg.; NHMW. – Karnataka • 1 spec.; Udipi distr., E of Bhatkal, Kollur; [13º51ʹ48.71ʺ N, 74º48ʹ37.46ʺ E]; [80 m a.s.l.]; 26–29 May 2006; Z. Kejval leg.; UASB 01923075. – Kerala • 6 specs; Cardamon Hills, 50 km NW of Pathanamhitta, Pambaiyar River; 9º25ʹ N, 77º05ʹ E; 300 m a.s.l.; 6–9 May1994; Z. Kejval leg.; at light; NHMW • 1 spec.; same collection data as for preceding; NMPC. Description FORM AND COLOUR. Body length 3.3–4.5 mm (3.8 mm in holotype), body width 2.2–2.5 mm (2.4 mm in holotype). Body oval in dorsal view, moderately convex in lateral view. Head black, dark brown clypeus; pronotum and elytra uniformly dark brown to black; ventral surface pale to dark brown. Femora and tarsi yellowish brown, tibia dark reddish brown, tarsi pale brown. Mouth parts and antennae yellowish, antennal club brown. HEAD. Dorsal punctation dense, consisting of simple punctures without associated ridges; trichobothria present; surface between punctures smooth. Anterior margin of clypeus non-arcuate. Eyes large, interocular distance ca 4.0 × the width of one eye in dorsal view; eye emarginate anteriorly. Labrum moderately sclerotized, largely exposed anterior of clypeus. Antenna with 9 antennomeres, club loosely segmented. Second maxillary palpomere markedly wide. PROTHORAX. Pronotum bisinuate anteriorly, anterolateral corners obtuse; posterior margin moderately bisinuate, posterolateral corners rectangular. Anterior and lateral margins with distinct bead not extending to posterior margin. Pronotal punctation finer than on head, consisting of simple punctures without associated ridges; surface between punctures smooth. Prosternum nearly straight on anterior margin, gently carinate mesally. MESOTHORAX. Elytral punctation dense and moderately coarse, consisting of punctures without transverse ridges. Weakly developed series of impressed punctures present along suture and laterally. Sutural stria well impressed, present in apical half, extends beyond middle; lateral elytral margins with sculpture. Mesoventral plate as long as wide, arrowhead-shaped, bluntly pointed anteriorly, posteriorly widely attached to metaventrite. METATHORAX. Metaventrite raised medially, completely glabrous on median elevation, lateral portions pubescent. Anterior metaventral process narrowly projecting between mesocoxae; posterior process bifid. Wings well-developed (macropterous). LEGS. Profemur with dense pubescence except in apical fifth; mesofemur and metafemur with sparsely arranged short setae only. ABDOMEN. All ventrites densely pubescent. First ventrite without carina. Posterior margin of last ventrite entire, without stout spines mesally. AEDEAGUS (Fig. 5 J–K). 0.7 mm long. Median lobe broad at base, slightly tapering towards widely rounded apex; gonopore situated at apex, widely semicircular. Parameres longer than median lobe; weakly arcuate on outer margin, narrowed in apical fourth; apex bluntly pointed; inner margin of parameres with long setae. Phallobase small, slightly wider than long. Variation Specimens from Maharashtra are slightly smaller than those from more southern areas. The aedeagus varies slightly in the shape of the parameres, the apical part of which is slightly wider in the specimens from Kerala; in all other aspects these specimens agree with those from Goa and hence we consider them conspecific. Remarks Coelostoma nostocinum sp. nov. and C. aeneolum are very similar in all characters including the morphology of the male genitalia, and both species seem to have very similar (and overlapping) distribution ranges. We were hence working with the hypothesis that they may be conspecific for some time, with the observed variation in body size and aedeagus morphology being an intraspecific variation. The examination of all available material, however, indicates that this is not the case, and that we really have two distinct morphotypes without intermediate characters: the species with larger body and smaller aedeagus with more or less rounded apices of parameres (C. aeneolum) and the smaller species with larger aedeagus with narrower and apically pointed paramere (C. nostocinum sp. nov.). Based on the material examined, both morphotypes are constant in the characters listed in the differential diagnosis across the distribution range (i.e., from Maharashtra to Kerala in both). For these reasons, we are treating them as separate species, with the smaller species described here as C. nostocinum sp. nov. Biology The specimens from Goa were collected under ‘ballsʼ of Nostoc blue-green algae growing on wet sandy places on rock cliffs at the sea coast. Specimens from Maharashtra were collected at light. Distribution Only known from the western coast of India and adjacent parts of the Western Ghats Mts, from Maharashtra to Kerala.Published as part of Sheth, Sayali D., Ghate, Hemant V. & Fikáček, Martin, 2020, Review of Coelostoma of the Indian subcontinent (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) Part 1: Coelostoma s. str. and Holocoelostoma, pp. 1-32 in European Journal of Taxonomy 690 on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.690, http://zenodo.org/record/396178
Zig-zag for Galois Representations
No full textThe zig-zag conjecture says that the reductions of two-dimensional
crystalline representations of the Galois group of of large
exceptional weights and half-integral slopes up to vary through
an alternating sequence of irreducible and reducible mod representations.
We prove this conjecture in smoothly varying families of such representations
for . The proof uses a limiting argument due to Chitrao-Ghate-Yasuda
to reduce to the case of semi-stable representations of weights at most ,
and then appeals to the work of Breuil-M\'ezard, Guerberoff-Park and
Chitrao-Ghate.Comment: Updated version: title changed to reflect that this version contains
a proof of the conjecture on the full Galois group not just on the inertia
subgroup; also includes a proof for the top two slope
Molecular phylogeny of the Notostraca
No full textWe used a combined analysis of one nuclear (28S rDNA) and three mitochondrial markers (COI, 12S
rDNA, 16S rDNA) to infer the molecular phylogeny of the Notostraca, represented by samples from the
six continents that are inhabited by this group of branchiopod crustaceans. Our results confirm the
monophyly of both extant notostracan genera Triops and Lepidurus with good support in model based
and maximum parsimony analyses. We used branchiopod fossils as a calibration to infer divergence
times among notostracan lineages and accounted for rate heterogeneity among lineages by applying
relaxed-clock models. Our divergence date estimates indicate an initial diversification into the genera Triops
and Lepidurus in the Mesozoic, most likely at a minimum age of 152.3–233.5 Ma, i.e., in the Triassic or
Jurassic. Implications for the interpretation of fossils and the evolution of notostracan morphology are
discussed. We further use the divergence date estimates to formulate a biogeographic hypothesis that
explains distributions of extant lineages predominantly by overland dispersal routes. We identified an
additional hitherto unrecognised highly diverged lineage within Lepidurus apus lubbocki and three additional
previously unknown major lineages within Triops. Within T. granarius we found deep differentiation,
with representatives distributed among three major phylogenetic lineages. One of these major
lineages comprises T. cancriformis, the T. mauritanicus species group and two hitherto unrecognised T. granarius
lineages. Samples that were morphologically identified as T. granarius diverged from the most
basal nodes within this major lineage, and divergence dates suggested an approximate age of 23.7–
49.6 Ma for T. cancriformis, indicating the need for a taxonomic revision of Triassic and Permian fossils
that are currently attributed to the extant T. cancriformis.We thus elevate T. cancriformis minor to full species
status as Triops minor Trusheim, 1938 and include in this species the additional Upper Triassic samples
that were attributed to T. cancriformis. We further elevate T. cancriformis permiensis to full species
status as Triops permiensis Gand et al., 1997
Copelatus deccanensis Sheth & Ghate & Hájek 2018, sp. nov.
No full textCopelatus deccanensis sp. nov. (Figs 1–2, 17–18) Type locality. India, Maharashtra, Pune district, ca. 4 km SSW of Lonavala village, Bhushi dam, 18°43.2-4′N, 73°23.7-24.0′E, ca. 640 m a.s.l. Type material. Holotype ♂ (NMPC), labelled: "INDIA W, 24.–28.ix.2005, / Maharashtra st., 4 km S of / Lonavala, Bhushi dam env., / 500 m, J.Bezděk leg. [printed] // HOLOTYPE / COPELATUS / deccanensis sp. nov. / S. Sheth et al. det. 2016 [red label, printed]". Paratypes: 14♂, 13♀, same label data as holotype (BMNH, JSCL, NHMW, NMPC, UWPC, ZSMG); 10♂, 10♀, labelled: "INDIA occ. Maharashtra st. / Bhushi Dam env. 24–28.ix. / 4 km S of Lonavala 2005 / leg.F.&L.Kantner 500 m [printed]" (NMPC, SMNS); 1♂, 1♀, labelled: "INDIA W, 7.–11.x.2005 / Maharashtra state, / 40 km W of Pune, / Mulshi env. / J. Bezděk leg. [printed]" (NMPC); 1♂, 2♀, labelled: "INDIA, Maharashtra / Pune Distr., Mulshi at / Mulshi Lake, 7–8 X 2005 / at light, leg. L. Borowiec [printed]" (NMPC); 3♀, labelled: "INDIA occ., 7–11.x.2005 / Maharashtra state / MULSHI env.F.Kantner leg. / 40 km W of Pune [printed]" (SMNS); 1♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Tamhini, Kalubai Mandir / 18°27′38.95″N, 73°24′41.89″E, 570m / 27.VIII.2013 / coll. S. D. Sheth [printed]" (HVGC); 4♂, 7♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Tamhini, 18°26′41.50″N, 73°25′39.72″E, 625m / 29.X.2014 / coll. S. D. Sheth [printed]" (HVGC); 2♂, 1♀, labelled: "INDIA, Maharashtra / TAMHINI / 18°23′54.6″N 73°23′47.3″E / 29.x.2014 [printed]" (HVGC); 1♂, 1♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Tamhini, Dongerwadi stream / 18°27′38.95″N, 73°24′41.89″E, 570m / 1.X.2015 / coll. S. D. Sheth [printed]" (HVGC); 7♂, 6♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Harishchandragad fort / 19°23′26.37″N, 73°46′15.09″E, 1213m / 20.X.2013 / S.D. Sheth leg. [printed]" (HVGC, NMPC); 4♂, 5♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Alanggad fort / 19°34′59.88″N, 73°39′39.26″E, 1175m / 9.I.2014 / coll. N. Modak [printed]" (HVGC); 2♂, 2♀, labelled: "India / Maharashtra st., / Madangad fort / 19°35′23.48″N, 73°38′57.63″E, 1151m / 10.I.2014 / coll. N. Modak [printed]" (HVGC); Each paratype provided with the respective red printed label. Description of male holotype. Habitus (Fig. 1) elongate oblong oval, nearly parallel sided with continuous outline, broadest in 1/3 of elytral length, slightly convex. Dorsal surface shiny. Coloration. Head rufous, darker (almost blackish) around eyes and medially between eyes, lighter on clypeus, labrum and medially on vertex. Pronotum rufous, infuscate on disc, lighter laterally. Elytra testaceous, somewhat darker in striae; numerous dark punctures present along basal and apical parts of elytral striae 1–5, and along sides of elytra. Ventral part rufous; abdomen dark. Appendages testaceous. Head. Moderately broad, ca. 0.7× width of pronotum, transversely elliptical. Labrum emarginate medially. Anterior margin of clypeus slightly concave. Antennae with antennomeres slender, club-shaped, antennomere I longest. Eyes emarginate anterolaterally. Reticulation consisting of fine, well impressed isodiametric polygonal meshes. Numerous short, deep and isolated strioles present between eyes. Punctation double; several large setigerous punctures present in fronto-clypeal depressions, frontal depressions at level of anterior margin of eyes, and in depressions along inner margin of eyes; very fine and sparsely distributed punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation. Pronotum. Transverse, broadest at posterior angles. Anterior angles acute, posterior angles rectangular. Sides slightly and evenly curved, with lateral beading very thin and indistinct. Anterior margin straight, posterior margin nearly straight with only indistinct sinuation medially. Reticulation similar to that of head, but slightly less impressed. Disc of pronotum with numerous deep irregular strioles of variable length. Punctation double; row of coarse setigerous punctures presents along anterior margin, basal margin (except medially), and laterally close to sides; fine punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation, denser than on head. Scutellar shield broadly triangular. Elytra. Elytral striation consisting of twelve discal striae: stria 1 shorter, ending at ca. 4/5 of elytral length; stria 2 longest; striae 7, 9 and 12 shorter apically, ending at ca. 3/4–4/5 of elytral length; stria 11 shortest, beginning more posteriorly than other striae and present only in basal third of elytral length. Surface reticulation consisting of fine, shallowly impressed isodiametric polygonal meshes. Punctation double; few large setigerous punctures present along elytral striae, but predominantly along lateral margin of elytra; very fine, sparsely distributed punctures placed among meshes of microreticulation, similar to those on pronotum. Legs. Protibia modified, angled near base, distinctly broadened anteriorly, club shaped. Pro- and mesotarsomeres 1–3 distinctly broadened, ventrally with adhesive setae. Ventral side. Prosternum sinuate anteriorly, obtusely keeled medially. Prosternal process shortly lanceolate, in cross-section convex, apex obtuse; process distinctly bordered laterally; reticulation almost effaced except some superficial meshes apically. Metaventrite with microsculpture consisting of polygonal meshes; numerous short, oblique, deep strioles present laterally but absent medially; lateral parts of metaventrite ('metasternal wings') tongue-shaped, slender. Metacoxal lines well impressed, nearly complete—absent only close to metaventrite. Metacoxal plates covered with long, deep longitudinal strioles; reticulation consisting of extremely elongate, longitudinal polygonal meshes. Metacoxal processes rounded and incised at posterior margin. Abdominal ventrites I–II with longitudinal strioles; ventrites III–IV with oblique strioles laterally. Tuft of setae present antero-medially on ventrites III–V; ventrite VI with setigerous punctures laterally on either side. Abdominal reticulation consisting of elongate polygonal meshes, longitudinal on ventrites I–II, oblique on ventrite III and transverse on ventrites IV– VI. Punctation consisting of fine, sparsely distributed punctures. Male genitalia. Median lobe in lateral aspect broad in basal 3/4, then narrowing to pointed apex; almost evenly curved except at base (Fig. 17). A fold present till subapical region. Parameres 'D'-shaped, apex very narrow and long; apical lobe long (Fig. 18). Female. Females do not differ in external morphology from male except for nearly straight, apically less broadened protibia, and slender pro- and mesotarsi without adhesive setae. Additionally, we have studied two females with elytral stria 11 absent, thus they have only eleven striae on each elytron. Variability. The specimens of the type series vary in coloration, especially infuscation of head and pronotum (from rufous to nearly black) and elytra (from testaceous to reddish brown). A form with longitudinal striolation on elytra occurs in both males and females of this species (Fig. 2): strioles long, often confluent, distinctly less impressed than striae; present between all striae, but missing in apical fourth of elytral length. Striolate form differs from the typical specimens also in strioles on the pronotum, which are usually longer and denser than those in nonstriolate form. Measurements (N = 31). TL: 5.3–6.9 mm (holotype: 6.1 mm); Tl-h: 4.8–6.4 mm (holotype: 4.9 mm); MW: 2.0–3.0 mm (holotype: 2.7 mm). Differential diagnosis. Based on the presence of 11–12 dorsal elytral striae and absent submarginal stria, the new species can be classified within the Copelatus nigrolineatus species group sensu Guéorguiev (1968). This group so far contains only five species (Nilsson & Hájek 2018): C. flavicans Guignot, 1952 and C. luctuosus Guignot, 1939 occurring in the Neotropical region, C. nigrolineatus Sharp, 1882 from Australia, C. zimmermanni Gschwendtner, 1934 distributed in China and Japan, and C. schuhi Hendrich & Balke, 1998 known so far only from Maharashtra (India). The new species differs from C. schuhi by its large size, 5.3–6.9 mm (body length ranges between 4.0– 4.5 in C. schuhi); elytral striae extending apically (elytral striae are missing the in apical third in C. schuhi); pale basal transverse elytral band absent (broad and distinct pale band present in C. schuhi); and the different shape of the median lobe, which is in lateral view, broad in the basal 3/4, then narrowing to a pointed apex (Fig. 17), and almost evenly curved except at the base (median lobe of C. schuhi is unevenly curved in lateral view, its outer margin is slightly sinuate; subapically broad; abruptly pointed at apex, see Fig. 19). Etymology. The new species is named after the Deccan plateau, a large volcanic basalt plateau in southern India, which covers most of the territory of Maharashtra state. Mani (1974) referred to Maharashtra as the 'Deccan Lavas Country'. The specific epithet is an adjective in the nominative case. Collecting circumstances. This species appears to inhabit isolated, clean water bodies. The specimens were collected in a side pool of a stream (Fig. 40), an ephemeral puddle with decaying leaves (Fig. 41) and muddy substrate, in remnant pools with pebbles as substrate formed in drying streams (Fig. 39); also in nearly permanent man-made tanks and small puddles (Fig. 42) on basaltic rocks. The physicochemical parameters of water bodies range as follows: pH: 6.2 to 9.0, temperature 18 to 25 0C and salinity 23 to 115 ppm. Distribution. The species was found in Pune, Nashik, Ahemadnagar districts of Maharashtra (Fig. 45). Collected within an altitude range of 500–1,215 m a.s.l.Published as part of Sheth, Sayali D., Ghate, Hemant V. & Hájek, Jiří, 2018, Copelatus Erichson, 1832 from Maharashtra, India, with description of three new species and notes on other taxa of the genus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae), pp. 235-260 in Zootaxa 4459 (2) on pages 237-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4459.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/145854
Leptestheriidae Daday 1923
No full textFamily Leptestheriidae Daday, 1923 Brtek (1997) has stated that Leptestheria and Leptestheriella share similar characters and hence synonymized it. We use the latter name in this work since we characterized this species using traits given by Simhachalam and Timms (2012). Two species of genus Leptestheriella are known from the region 1) Leptestheriella nobilis Sars, 1900 which was earlier described as L. gigas Karande & Inamdar 1960 from NWG (Karande & Inamdar 1960) and recently synonymized to the former by Simhachalam and Timms (2012), and 2) Leptestheriella jaisalmerensis Tiwari, 1962 reported from outskirts of Pune city by Ghate et al. (2003). We also confirm species identity of Leptestheriella sp. reported from Pune city by Padhye et al. (2011 b) as L. nobilis. Only L. nobilis was observed in the collections from the NWG as well. Large variation in taxonomical characters which is known in this species (Simhachalam & Timms 2012) was also seen in our specimens (Table 1). Ajinkyatara Dighi Pune university pond M F M F M F Growth lines (nos.) 18 + 14 + 16 + 14 + 16 + 14 + Antennule segment nos. 12 12 12 12 to 14 12 to 14 10 Second Antennal segment nos. 12 to 14 14 14 12 to 14 12 to 14 12 to 14 Nos. of limbs 24–25 24 24 24 to 26 24 to 26 24Published as part of Padhye, Sameer, Rabet, Nicolas & Ghate, Hemant, 2015, First faunal inventory of large branchiopods (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Western Maharashtra, India with taxonomical and distributional comments, pp. 208-222 in Zootaxa 3904 (2) on pages 214-215, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3904.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/24188
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