1,721,171 research outputs found
The university and the economy: pathways to growth and economic development
No full textBook synopsis: This book provides readers with an in-depth understanding of the many ways in which universities contribute to economic development and growth. It demonstrates the causal interactions between universities’ activities and economic outcomes, and presents up-to-date quantitative and qualitative data in support. The authors present the theoretical tools and evidence to explain the manner and degree to which universities’ activities impact the economy, as well as analysing the comparative strengths and weaknesses of specific university systems
Il finanziamento dell'istruzione terziaria e della ricerca universitaria in Italia
No full textL'università e il sitema economic
La partecipazione italiana ai Programmi Quadro della Commissione delle Comunità Europee
No full textQuesto lavoro descrive la partecipazione italiana ai Programmi Quadro al fine di evidenziarne regolarità e fenomeni di concentrazione a livello istituzionale e geografico
Changes to university IPR regulations in Europe and the impact on academic patenting
No full textThis article develops a general framework to describe the changes in university IPR regulations in Europe and their effects on the patenting activities of universities and on knowledge transfer processes. Understanding the effects of changes in IPR regulations on academic patenting is a complex issue, and parallels with the US case can be misleading. First, despite the general trend towards institutional ownership, university IPR regulations in Europe remain extremely differentiated and there is no one-to-one mapping to the US system. Second, it is difficult to disentangle the quantitative and qualitative effects of changes in IPR ownership regulations on academic patenting activities from the effects of concurrent transformations in the institutional, cultural and organizational landscape surrounding academic knowledge transfer. The article proposes a review and typological classification of national university IPR ownership systems on the basis of their development since 2000, and uses it to analyze the aggregate dynamics of academic patent ownership in several European countries. The analysis of patterns of ownership of academic patents shows that there has been a general increase in university patenting since 1990, with a significant slowdown (and even reduction in some countries) after early 2000s accompanied by a switch in academic patents ownership in favor of university ownership though preserving the European specificity of high company ownership of academic invented patents
University funding and research assessment: an analysis of Italian and British cases
No full textThe chapter discusses in comparative perpective British and Italian systems of university fundings, with special focus on research assesment
Artificial intelligence research in Canadian hospitals: The development of metropolitan competencies
Full text linkThis study explores the deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Canadian hospitals from 2000 to 2021, focusing on metropolitan areas. We investigate how local public and private research ecosystems and links to national and international AI hubs influence the adoption of AI in healthcare. Our analysis shows that AI research outputs from public institutions have a significant impact on AI competences in hospitals. In addition, collaborations between hospitals are critical to the successful integration of AI. Metropolitan areas such as Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver are leading the way in AI deployment. These findings highlight the importance of local AI research capabilities and international hospital collaborations and provide guidance to policy-makers and health leaders to drive the diffusion of AI technology in healthcare
‘How do firms reach out to foreign universities? Inventors’ personal characteristics and the multinational structure of firms’
Full text linkWe analyze the determinants of firm-based inventors’ collaborations with universities abroad, comparing them with collaborations with national universities. We propose a micro-founded theoretical framework that introduces the role of personal linkages and global organizational pipelines as drivers of international academic collaborations, and we empirically investigate collaborations with national and international universities in a sample of inventors in Italy. We find that in general international collaborations depend positively on inventors working for multinational enterprises (MNEs). Instead for collaborations with national universities, the personal local linkages of the inventors play a large role. However, we also find that for collaborations with very distant universities abroad, such as US ones, working for an MNE is less crucial and the personal linkages of inventors become more important. In this case being an inventor with a network of foreign colleagues and with greater acquaintance with the norms of open science facilitates the interaction. This applies also to inventors who work for MNEs. The results point to a hybrid model of global linkages in the case of collaborations between firms and universities, in which both the personal international linkages of the inventors and the global organizational pipelines of MNEs play an important role
Who is complementing public funding of academic research? Different sources with different strategies
No full textThe issue of funding of universities is attracting large interest in recent years, due to changes in the
public-private divide and to concern about the long term impact of an increasing role of private
sources.
This papers offers a new perspective on this important issue, by developing a novel methodology
for empirical analysis and examining detailed data on the UK case.
The paper contributes to the literature in at least three ways. First, it introduces a new estimation
methodology, based on latest results in robust nonparametric efficiency analysis, that are
particularly suited for the case of university production. Second, it uses a very detailed dataset on
UK universities, integrating administrative data and results of Research Assessment Exercise (REA)
with independent data on ISI publications. Third, for the first time efficiency estimates are carried
out in parallel on universities and on collections of departments in four disciplinary areas
(Engineering and Technology, Medicine, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities),
examining in depth the heterogeneity of scientific fields and the importance of compositional
effects at university level.
The paper is organised as follows. Section 2 develops the various arguments for expecting positive
or negative effects from this trend, based on the literature, and surveys the state of the art in
empirical research. Section 3 introduces the dataset and the methodology. Section 4 discusses the
aggregate results, while Section 5 introduces data by discipline and discusses patterns emerging
from the efficiency analysis. Section 6 concludes
The Organization, Economics and Policy of Scientific Research. What we do know and what we don’t know
No full textThe Knowledge Bases of the World’s Largest Pharmaceuticals Groups: What do patent citations to non-patent literature reveal?
No full textThis article examines the knowledge bases of the world’s largest pharmaceutical groups by sales. It builds upon the concepts of knowledge specialisation and knowledge integration as the relevant dimensions along which knowledge bases can be mapped. The former is studied developing indicators of breadth. Breadth is measured by analysing the evolution of specialisation by scientific field over time. It hints at the widening range of bodies of scientific and technological knowledge relevant to firms’ innovative activities. Knowledge integration is studied developing
indicators of depth. Depth is measured by analysing the evolution of integration across different typologies of research.
It hints at the complex, non-linear interdependencies that link the scientific and technological domains.We develop the analysis on the strength of an original database of 33,127 European Patent Office patents and 41,931 citations to ‘non-patent document’ (of which 19,494 were identified as scientific articles included in the ISI databases) of the 30 largest pharmaceuticals groups during the period 1990–1997. The groups studied seem to have incrementally increased the breadth of their knowledge bases, moving towards the fields proper to the new biopharmaceutical
research trajectory. At the same time, some of the groups studied exhibit remarkable depth in knowledge integration in particular fields such as biotechnology, biochemical research and neurosciences
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