24 research outputs found
sj-docx-2-smo-10.1177_20503121221150957 – Supplemental material for Factors associated with the level of Knowledge and self-reported Practice toward safety precautions among Factory Workers in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-smo-10.1177_20503121221150957 for Factors associated with the level of Knowledge and self-reported Practice toward safety precautions among Factory Workers in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia by Yeshiemebet Mengesha, Zewdu Dagnew, Zewdie Aderaw, Animut Takele Telayneh, Tegegne Temesgen, Eniyew Tegegne and Getasew Yirdaw in SAGE Open Medicine</p
sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221150957 – Supplemental material for Factors associated with the level of Knowledge and self-reported Practice toward safety precautions among Factory Workers in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221150957 for Factors associated with the level of Knowledge and self-reported Practice toward safety precautions among Factory Workers in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia by Yeshiemebet Mengesha, Zewdu Dagnew, Zewdie Aderaw, Animut Takele Telayneh, Tegegne Temesgen, Eniyew Tegegne and Getasew Yirdaw in SAGE Open Medicine</p
Efficient removal of lead (II) from paint factory wastewater using Noug stalk activated carbon: A sustainable adsorption approach
No full textIndustries are among the largest global consumers of water, with a significant portion being converted into industrial wastewater. Paint factories, in particular, are major contributors to environmental lead pollution, releasing lead (II) through untreated effluents. Exposure to lead (II) poses serious health risks, including carcinogenic effects, neurological disorders, blood-related complications, and damage to vital organs such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. While extensive research has focused on lead (II) removal from synthetic wastewater, limited studies have addressed the application of these methods to real industrial wastewater. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Noug stalk activated carbon in removing lead (II) from paint factory effluent under optimized conditions. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the performance of Noug stalk activated carbon in treating wastewater from a paint factory. Statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 was employed, with a paired sample t-test determining the significance of differences in lead (II) concentrations before and after treatment, considering a p-value of <0.05 as statistically significant. The paint factory wastewater sample exhibited a pH of 6.62, temperature of 20.40 °C, chemical oxygen demand of 1717 mg/L, total suspended solids of 710 mg/L, total dissolved solids of 1231 mg/L, and a lead (II) concentration of 23.54 mg/L. Results demonstrated a lead (II) removal efficiency of 94.84 %, with a significant reduction in lead (II) concentration post-treatment (t = 157.62, p < 0.001). These findings highlight the potential of Noug stalk activated carbon as an effective adsorbent for real industrial wastewater treatment. Further research is necessary to explore how the presence of other heavy metals may affect its performance and to investigate column adsorption techniques and regeneration processes after depletion
Optimization of process variables to prepare activated carbon from Noug (Guizotia abyssinica cass.) stalk using response surface methodology
No full textEven though adsorption is considered the simple, effective, and efficient method for the treatment of wastewater, accessibility of low-cost and locally available activated carbon remains the challenge. In response to this, recently significant amounts of agricultural byproducts have been investigated to prepare low-cost porous carbon, but there is still a problem related to cost and availability. So, Noug stalk, chosen because of its abundance and low cost as an agricultural byproduct in Ethiopia, was chemically activated with phosphoric acid to produce a low-cost porous carbon. The production of Noug stalk activated carbon (NSAC) is optimized using response surface methodology. A central composite design was used to investigate the effect of three process parameters, namely carbonization temperature (450–650 °C), activation time (90–150 min), and impregnation ratio (w/w) (1–3), on the BET surface area and yield of porous carbon. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) result shows that all three process parameters showed a significant effect on the surface area of porous carbon, while only carbonization temperature showed a significant effect on the yield of porous carbon. The best conditions for NSAC preparation were a carbonization temperature of 537.50 °C, an activation time of 127 min, and an impregnation ratio of 1.95, resulting in a BET surface area and yield of 473.45 m2 g−1 and 53.78%, respectively. The expected and observed values of the model for the outcome variable were highly comparable. Several analytical techniques, including proximal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption, were used to characterize the NSAC. The results demonstrated that the prepared NSAC has a highly porous structure comparable to porous carbon obtained from other biomass feedstocks. This implies it would be used as a potential low-cost alternative for wastewater treatment using the adsorption process
Application of Noug (Guizotia abyssinica cass.) stalk activated carbon for the removal of lead (II) ions from aqueous solutions
No full textDue to the rise of industries worldwide, huge amounts of pollutants including heavy metals are released into the surroundings. Disposal of effluents containing heavy metals in higher concentrations without proper treatment is common in industries; lead is one of them. This study aims to determine and optimize the efficiency of Noug (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.) stalk porous carbon (NSAC) for the elimination of lead (II) from aqueous solutions. For studying the adsorption characteristics of Noug stalk activated carbon (NSAC) an adsorbate of lead (II) ions was used. The interaction and effect of the following parameters on Pb(II) adsorption were investigated using Design Expert version 7.0 software (central composite design) to determine the optimum adsorption condition: pH, initial concentration of Pb(II) ion, adsorbent dose, and contact time. The optimized condition for the elimination of lead (II) using Noug stalk porous carbon (98.77 %) was achieved at pH [4.87], initial concentration of Pb(II) [84.66 mg/L], adsorbent dose [18.43 g/L], and contact time [2.04 h]. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model which had a maximum adsorption capacity of 89.25 mg/g, provided the best-fit models for Pb(II) adsorption, with R2 values of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. Efficient elimination of Pb(II) from wastewater can be performed through the use of NSAC. Future research should delve more into column adsorption under continuous wastewater flow
Personal Protective Equipment Utilization and Determinant Factors Among Workers in Phibela Edible Oil Factory, West Gojjam, Ethiopia
No full textBackground: An edible oil factory is a labor-intensive and technologically complex industry, with workers potentially exposed to a variety of dangers associated with such industries. Personal protective equipment is a universal, legal requirement, and an important strategy for preventing occupational injuries and illnesses caused by workplace hazards. However, such industries receive little attention, especially in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess personal protective equipment utilization and its associated factors among workers in the PhiBela edible oil factory in Burie, Ethiopia, in 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed among the PhiBela edible oil factory workers in Burie. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 389 PhiBela edible oil factory workers. Face-to-face interviews and self-administered structured questionnaires were used to collect data on workers’ protective equipment utilization practice, socio-demographic, work-related, environmental, and organizational factors. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. The logistic regression method was used to see factors associated with workers’ protective equipment utilization. The strength of the association was calculated using an odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of the total workers, 216, 55.52% (48.33-57.78) workers utilize personal protective equipment in the factory. The study showed safety training [AOR (4.68, 95%CI (2.76-7.45)], availability of personal protective equipment [AOR = 4.86; 95%CI: 2.23-6.98], regular health and safety supervision [AOR = 2.751; 95%CI: 1.806-3.801], availability of safety guideline at workplace [AOR = 3.798; 95%CI: 1.248-6.173], having work experience 3 years and above [AOR = 1.64; 95%CI: 1.06-2.18], not using alcohol [AOR = 3.07; 95%CI: 2.11-4.76], and not smoking cigarette [AOR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.55-3.11] were predictors of personal protective equipment utilization. Conclusion: The level of personal protective equipment utilization among Phibela edible oil factory workers is 55.52%, which is moderate when compared to other studies done in developing countries. The presence of Safety training, availability of personal protective equipment, regular health and safety supervision, availability of guidelines at workplaces, having work experiences, not using alcohol, and cigarrete smoking were factors found to be a significant predictors of personal protective equipment utilization. As a result, close workplace supervision, safety training, and availing guidelines are the recommendations to be in place
Correction: Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among Ethiopian children on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textIncidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among Ethiopian children on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAbstract Introduction Loss of follow-up (LTFU) from ART regular follow-up is one of the key acknowledged causes for the development of ART-resistant virus strains currently. It becomes a major weakness for the successful implementation of HIV care and treatment programs mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa but also globally. About 20—40% of children on ART loss their regular ART follow-up annually. Because of the inconsistency of the prior publications' findings, policymakers, programmers, and healthcare providers find it difficult to intervene. Hence, this study was conducted to provide a pooled incidence and identify the predictors of LTFU among children on ART in Ethiopia. Methods Articles were searched from PubMed/ MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, as well as organizational records and websites. This review included both retrospective and prospective follow-up studies published in English. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and exported into Stata™ Version 17.0 for further processing and analysis. The presence of heterogeneity was assessed using forest plots with the I2 test. To identify the source of heterogeneity subgroup analysis, meta-regression, publication bias, and sensitivity analysis were computed. The pooled incidence of LTFU was estimated using a random effects meta-analysis model with the DerSimonian-laired method. To identify the predictors, a 95% confidence interval with relative risk was used to declare the presence or absence of an association. Results In this systematic review and Meta-analysis, nine studies with a total of 3336 children were included. The pooled incidence of LTFU from ART was 5.83 (95% CI: 3.94, 7.72) per 100 children-years of observation with I2: 83% & p-value < 0.001. Those children who were from rural were had a 1.65 (95% CI: 1.06, 2.52) times higher chance of getting LTFU when compared with their counterparts. Children who had poor ART adherence had a 2.03 (95% CI: 1.23, 3.34) times higher chance of experiencing LTFU of ART than children having good ART adherence. Conclusions Among Ethiopian children on ART, one out of 167 had the risk of experiencing LTFU. Being rural dwellers and having poor ART adherence were the identified predictors of LTFU. Close follow-up and phone message text should be used to have good ART adherence among rural dwellers to meet the predetermined goal of ART
Additional file 1 of Incidence and predictors of loss to follow-up among Ethiopian children on antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAdditional file 1
Adsorptive removal of cadmium (II) from wastewater using activated carbon synthesized from stem of Khat (Catha edulis)
No full textIntroduction: Cadmium is among the most hazardous heavy metals, posing the greatest risk to human beings and the environment. Adsorption with activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste is the most effective way to remove cadmium (II) from wastewater. In this study, activated carbon prepared from the stem of Khat (Catha edulis) plant was used for the removal of cadmium (II) from wastewater. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency and mechanism of the removal of cadmium (II) from wastewater using Khat (Catha edulis) stem activated carbon at different operating parameters. Method: Proximate and Fourier transform infrared analyses were conducted to characterise the prepared Khat stem-activated carbon. The effects of initial cadmium concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and agitation speed on the cadmium removal efficiency of Khat stem-activated carbon were evaluated. Furthermore, isotherm and kinetic models of adsorption were used to evaluate the mechanism of cadmium removal. Result: The proximate analysis indicated that the activated carbon derived from Khat stems possesses a bulk density of 0.58 g/cm3 and surface area of 615 m2/g. Additionally, the prepared Khat stem activated carbon has 4 %, 14 %, and 22 % of moisture content, ash content, and volatile matter, respectively. Furthermore, the proximate analysis indicated that the Khat stem activated carbon has a porosity of 55 %. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy result indicated the presence of phenolic, alcoholic, and carboxylic acid functional groups on the surface of Khat stem activated carbon. The experimental data showed a better fit with the Langmuir isotherm model (R-squared and chi-square value of 0.9727 and 1.3936, respectively) and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R-squared and chi-square values of 0.9032 and 0.2179, respectively). The highest adsorption efficiency of cadmium (97 %) was attained at an adsorbent dose of 0.125 g, a contact time of 30 min, an initial cadmium concentration of 20 mg/L, a pH of 5, and an agitation speed of 100 rpm at room temperature (25 °C). Conclusion: The results obtained in this research demonstrated that activated carbon from Khat stems can be employed as an economical, ecologically friendly, easily accessible and efficient activated carbon to remove Cd (II) from wastewater
