78 research outputs found
Slc11a1 limits intracellular growth of Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium by promoting macrophage immune effector functions and impairing bacterial iron acquisition
No full textThe natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1, Slc11a1, is a phagolysosomal transporter for protons and divalent ions including iron that confers host protection against diverse intracellular pathogens including Salmonella. We investigated and compared the regulation of iron homeostasis and immune function in RAW264.7 murine phagocytes stably transfected with non-functional Slc11a1 and functional Slc11a1 controls in response to an infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We report that macrophages lacking functional Slc11a1 displayed an increased expression of transferrin receptor 1, resulting in enhanced acquisition of transferrin-bound iron. In contrast, cellular iron release mediated via ferroportin 1 was significantly lower in Salmonella-infected Slc11a1-negative macrophages in comparison with phagocytes bearing Slc11a1. Lack of Slc11a1 led to intracellular persistence of S.?enterica serovar Typhimurium within macrophages, which was paralleled by a reduced formation of nitric oxide, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in Slc11a1-negative macrophages following Salmonella infection, whereas interleukin-10 production was increased. Moreover, Slc11a1-negative phagocytes exhibited higher cellular iron content, resulting in increased iron acquisition by intracellular Salmonella. Our observations indicate a bifunctional role for Slc11a1 within phagocytes. Slc11a restricts iron availability, which first augments pro-inflammatory macrophage effector functions and second concomitantly limits microbial iron access. <br/
Nramp1-functionality increases iNOS expression via repression of IL-10 formation
No full textIn mice, resistance to certain intracellular microbes depends on the expression of a late phagosomal protein termed natural-resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1, Slc11a1). Nramp1-functionality is associated with alterations of cellular iron homeostasis and a sustained pro-inflammatory immune response, including the formation of the antimicrobial effector molecule NO. To investigate the underlying mechanism we used RAW-264.7 murine macrophage cells stably transfected with a functional Nramp1 allele (RAW-37) or Nramp1 non-functional controls (RAW-21). We found that the production of and signalling by the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly enhanced in macrophages lacking functional Nramp1. Upon infection of macrophages with Salmonella typhimurium pathogen survival was significantly better in RAW-21 than in RAW-37, which inversely correlated to NO and TNF- formation. Addition of a neutralising anti-IL-10 antibody to RAW-21 cells led to a significantly reduced survival of S. typhimurium within these cells and enhanced formation of NO and TNF- reaching levels comparable to that observed in cells bearing functional Nramp1. Oppositely, supplementation of iron to RAW-21 cells further increased IL-10 formation. Thus, Nramp1 mediates effective host defence in part via suppression of excessive IL-10 production which may relate to Nramp1-mediated reduction of cellular iron pools, thus strengthening antimicrobial effector mechanisms. <br/
Biotechnology and Plant Breeding : Applications and Approaches for Developing Improved Cultivars /
No full textThis book discusses applications of biotechnology in plant breeding. It covers key topics such as biometry applied to molecular analysis of genetic diversity and genetically modified plants, and goes beyond recombinant DNA technology to bring together key information and references on new biotech tools for cultivar development.Online resource; title from PDF title page (ScienceDirect, viewed Feb. 12, 2014).Includes bibliographical references and index.1. Plant breeding and biotechnological advances / Aluizio Borem, Valdir Diola, and Roberto Fritsche-Neto -- 2. Molecular markers / Eveline Teixeira Caixeta [and three others] -- 3. Biometrics applied to molecular analysis in genetic diversity / Cosme Damiao Cruz, Caio Cesio Salgado, and Leonardo Lopes Bhering -- 4. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) / Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende [and three others] -- 5. Genome-wide selection (GWS) / Marcos Deon Vilela de Resende [and three others] -- 6. Genes prospection / Valdir Diola and Roberto Fritsche-Neto -- 7. Tissue culture applications for the genetic improvement of plants / Moacir Pasqual, Joyce Doria Rodrigues Soares, and Filipe Almendagna Rodrigues -- 8. Transgenic plants / Francisco Murilo Zerbini [and three others] -- 9. Double haploids / Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Deoclecio Domingos Garbuglio, and Aluizio Borem -- 10. Tools for the future breeder / Valdir Diola, Aluizio Borem, and Natalia Arruda Sanglard.This book discusses applications of biotechnology in plant breeding. It covers key topics such as biometry applied to molecular analysis of genetic diversity and genetically modified plants, and goes beyond recombinant DNA technology to bring together key information and references on new biotech tools for cultivar development.Elsevie
Correction to: female reproductive organs of Brassica napus are more sensitive than male to transient heat stress
No full textThe article Female reproductive organs of Brassica napus are more sensitive than male to transient heat stress, written by Sheng Chen, Renu Saradadevi, Miriam S. Vidotti, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Jose Crossa, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Wallace A. Cowling, was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 217: 117 the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed t
Nramp1 functionality increases inducible nitric oxide synthase transcription via stimulation of IFN regulatory factor 1 expression
No full textNatural-resistance associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1) encodes a transmembrane phagolysosomal protein exerting resistance toward infections with intracellular pathogens by a mechanism not fully elucidated so far. We used the murine macrophagecell line RAW264.7, stably transfected with functional (RAW-37) or nonfunctional (RAW-21) Nramp1, to study for differences in the expression of NO, a central antimicrobial effector molecule of macrophages. Following stimulation with IFN- and LPS, Nramp1-expressing cells exhibit higher enzymatic activity of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and increased cytoplasmic iNOS-mRNA levels than RAW-21 cells. Time-course experiments showed that iNOS-mRNA levels remain increased in RAW-37 cells after prolonged cytokine stimulation while they decrease in RAW-21 cells. Reporter gene assays with iNOS-promoter luciferase constructs demonstrated an increased and prolonged promoter activity in Nramp1-resistant vs susceptible cells. This was paralleled by increased IFN regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) expression and binding affinity to the iNOS promoter in RAW-37 cells, which may be related to enhanced STAT-1 binding affinity in these cells. A point mutation within the IRF-1 binding site of the iNOS promoter abolished the differences in iNOS transcription between RAW-21 and RAW-37 cells. Cells carrying functional Nramp1express increased amounts of NO, which may be related to STAT-1-mediated stimulation of IRF-1 expression with subsequent prolonged activation of iNOS transcription. Enhanced NO expression may partly underlie the protection against infection with intracellular pathogens by Nramp1 functionality
Correction to: Female reproductive organs of Brassica napus are more sensitive than male to transient heat stress (Euphytica, (2021), 217, 6, (117), 10.1007/s10681-021-02859-z)
No full textThe article Female reproductive organs of Brassica napus are more sensitive than male to transient heat stress, written by Sheng Chen, Renu Saradadevi, Miriam S. Vidotti, Roberto Fritsche-Neto, Jose Crossa, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Wallace A. Cowling, was originally published Online First without Open Access. After publication in volume 217: 117 the author decided to opt for Open Choice and to make the article an Open Access publication. Therefore, the copyright of the article has been changed to © The Author(s) 2021 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Produktivität in Deutschland : "Wir haben unseren Vorsprung eingebüßt": Fünf Fragen an Ulrich Fritsche
No full textProductivity growth, Time series decomposition, Business cycle, Long-term trend
The elements of the Earth's magnetism for the Epochs 1600, 1650, 1700, 1780, 1842 and 1885, and their secular changes derived from observations calculated using the coefficients of the Gaussian "General Theory of Earth's Magnetism"
No full textAfter a historical review of the theory of the Earth's magnetism, the author indicates how the theory may be improved and gives results of his own calculations for the Epoch 1842
Sustainability of consumption patterns: Historic and future trends for Europe
No full textThe EU FP7 research project \u93European Policies to Promote Sustainable Consumption Patterns\u94 (EUPOPP) analyses the impacts of policy strategies and instruments on consumption patterns in order to identify which sustainable consumption policies and instruments are effective, can be improved, and be implemented successfully. A focus is on the need areas of food, and housing, i.e. the residential sector excluding transport. The historic food consumption data showed an increase for the product groups cereals, fruits meat, and vegetables. Only for dairy products a slightly decline occurred. On the base of the historic food consumption, a trend projection of future development in all 27 European member states until 2030 was developed. The trend projection indicates a slight overall increase of per capita consumption of food products, but was differentiated using cultural and regional context factors. Exceptions of the overall trend are per capita consumption of fruit and vegetables in Southern Europe and in the overall consumption of dairy products which all decline slightly until 2030. Sustainability potentials were estimated in quantitative terms based on material flow analysis. The potential to reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions by changing the average EU 27 diets towards both sustainable and healthy food was identified to be in the order of 50 million tonnes of CO2 equivalents, while in the housing sector, the total sustainable potential by 2030 was determined as approx. 700 million t of CO2 equivalents, taking into account the full life-cycles of energy supply and use. The assessment relates to environmental and economical indicators which allow quantifying primary energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, resource use, costs and employment effects
Sein und Zeit und die exegetische Ergriffenheit Eine Rezension des Sammelbandes „ʹSein und Zeitʹ neu verhandelt. Untersuchungen zu Heideggers Hauptwerk“
No full textThe lectures on Heidegger‘s Being and Time held at a congress in Siegen (by Charles Bambach, Dieter Thomä, Johannes Fritsche, Rainer Marten et al.) and published in a book in the spring of 2019, are subject to a revision here. In particular, the works of the group around Emmanuel Faye are considered sect-like sessions of the intention to interpret Being and Time by the later Nazi identity of its author. Due to the dominance of these interpretations, the conference is criticized under this aspect as „Congress of Braunfärber“ (i.e. those who dye it brown).
Die auf einem Kongress in Siegen gehaltenen Vorträge zu Heideggers Sein und Zeit (von Charles Bambach, Dieter Thomä, Johannes Fritsche, Rainer Marten u.a.), im Frühling 2019 in Buchform publiziert, werden hier einer Revision unterzogen. Insbesondere die Arbeiten der Gruppe um Emmanuel Faye werden dabei als sektenhafte Sessionen des Unternehmen bewertet, „Sein und Zeit von der späteren nazistischen Mission seines Verfassers her zu lesen“. Aufgrund der Dominanz dieser Deutung wird die Tagung in Siegen wird unter diesem Gesichtspunkt als “Kongress der Braunfärber“ kritisiert
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