51 research outputs found
Al Museo Lombroso di Torino il caso del cranio di Giuseppe Villella: un patrimonio in beni culturali, la sua vera storia, le tappe giudiziarie, le implicazioni giuridiche e museologiche
No full textIl cranio di Giuseppe Villella, sul quale Cesare Lombroso fondò la sua teoria dell’atavismo, è esposto al Museo di Antropologia criminale “Cesare Lombroso” dell’Università di Torino. È stato oggetto di una vicenda giudiziaria che si è ora conclusa, dopo sette anni, con una sentenza della Corte di Cassazione di grande rilevanza per i musei italiani, che ribadisce l’importanza storico-scientifica del reperto e la sua natura di bene culturale
Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu 2021, sp. nov.
No full textCrellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu, sp. nov. (Table 4; Figures 8–9) Type locality. Palvitad fjord, southern Chile. Material examined. Holotype — IZUA-POR 172, Rada Negra, Palvitad fjord, Corcovado Gulf, Chile (- 43.02523611 S, - 72.78222222 W), 19.7 m depth, coll. N. Reiff, 15 th March 2007. Both slides of skeleton (in low viscosity epoxy) and spicules under MNRJ 19227. Comparative material. MNRJ 8905, 8149— Hymenanchora tenuissima (Thiele, 1905) [= Crellomima t. sensu Willenz et al. (2009), specimens and slides]. Diagnosis. Crellomima being thin crust, with tornotes (188–255/3 – 7.2), three categories of acanthostyles (choanosomal, I. 250–285/12.5–17 µm, and II. 100–140/7.5–10 µm; ectosomal, 60–96/3.5–6.5 µm), two categories of anchorate isochelae (I. 48–60 µm and II. 12–17 µm) and sigmas (40–58 µm). So far, the only Crellomima with sigmas and two categories of anchorate isochelae. Description. Only a small, thinly encrusting preserved fragment (Fig. 8A); 1.7 (L) x 1.1 (W) x 0.3 cm (H). Surface smooth, with a thin, easily detachable membrane (Fig. 8B). Oscules, pore sieves and subectosomal channels not observed. Consistency delicate, texture slightly rough. Color in life not recorded and light beige (internally slightly darker beige) in preserved specimen. Skeleton. Plumoreticulate architecture (Fig. 9A). Ectosomal region with several tornotes in vertical arrangement (Fig. 9B) and in bouquets (Fig. 9C), which rarely protrude to the surface (up to 50 µm high); tornotes only in the ectosomal and subectosomal regions. A continuous layer of acanthostyles (ectosomal category) at the ectosome, ca. 50 µm thick. Ectosomal acanthostyles disposed in tangential to paratangential arrangement (Fig. 9D). Choanosomal region with acanthostyles (larger choanosomal category) in plumoreticulate tracts, quinated by smaller acanthostyles (smaller choanosomal category) (Figs. 9E). Both categories of choanosomal acanthostyles erect on inclusions of debris and substrate too (Fig. 9F). Ectosomal acanthostyles around channels at the choanosome, less usually scattered throughout the skeleton. All categories of acanthostyles (ectosomal and choanosomal) are distinguished by size (length and width) and patterns of spination. Anchorate isochelae (two categories) and sigmas (one category) scattered throughout the choanosome. In spongin, rounded subectosomal (up to 500 µm longer length) and choanosomal channels (up to 150 µm longer length). No spongin fibers throughout the skeleton. A basal spongin plate covers debris/substrates echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles (Fig. 9F). Spicules. Megascleres (Table 4). Tornotes or anisotornotes (Figs. 9G–H), straight to slightly sinuous, tips mucronate to lanceolate; juvenile forms slender:,188– 221.5 (19.4)–255/3– 5.8 (1.4) – 7.2 µm. Choanosomal acanthostyles I (Fig. 9I), largest category of acanthostyles, usually curved, fully spined, bases blunt to slightly swollen, tips acerate; spines small (up to 5 µm high), evenly distributed, straight to slightly bent towards the bases; juvenile forms slender, with smaller, straight spines: 250– 266.7 (12.7)–285/12.5– 15 (1.6)–17 µm. Choanosomal acanthostyles II (Fig. 9J), intermediate category of acanthostyles, smaller and thinner than the previuous, almost straight, fully spined; spines small (up to 3.5 µm high), evenly distributed, straight to slightly bent towards the base; juvenile forms slender, with smaller and straight spines: 100– 123.5 (13.1)–140/7. 5– 9 (0.9)–10 µm. Ectosomal acanthostyles (Fig. 9K), the smallest category of acanthostyles, slightly curved to slightly sinuous, isodyametric, fully spined, bases blunt (no tyle), tips conical to acerate, acanthoxea forms not observed; spines small (up to 2.8 µm high), straight, evenly distributed; juvenile forms slender, with several smaller, thinner spines: 60– 83.8 (11.5)–96/3.5– 5.8 (1)–6.5 µm. Microscleres (Table 4). Anchorate isochelae I (Fig. 9L), larger, tridentate (usually) or polydentate (up to four teeth, less frequent); axis slightly curved, smooth and thicker on both extremities; alae (teeth) elongated, with slightly unguiferate tips; distance between opposite alae, ca. 1/3 of maximum chelae length; juvenile forms with slender, unguiferate alae (reduced alae): 48– 54.6 (4.8)–60 µm. Anchorate isochelae II (Fig. 9M), smaller, less frequent, spatuliferous and tridentate; axis slightly curved, smooth and thicker on both extremities; alae elongated, spatuliferous and with rounded tips; very short distance between opposite alae, ca. 1/4 of maximum chelae length; juvenile forms slender and smaller: 12– 15 (2.3)–17 µm. Sigmas (Fig. 9N), ‘c’ or ‘s’ shaped, smooth and sharp tips: 40– 50.5 (5.4)–58 µm. Ecology. The specimen grew over a barnacle shell, in close association with a haplosclerid sponge; oxeas can be seen in tracts or scattered in the skeleton slide of the holotype. Distribution. Known only from its type locality, at Palvitad fjord, southern Chile (Fig. 1). Etymology. The name ‘sigmatifera’ is derived from sigmata (= sigma microscleres) + fera (= Latin prefix for “bearer”). The possession of sigmas microscleres is the main diagnostic character for this new species. Remarks. Until recently Crellomima was known only from three species, all them from the Arctic Ocean; viz. C. derma Hentschel, 1929, C. imparidans Rezvoi, 1925 (type species) and C. incrustans Hentschel, 1929. Now, Goodwin et al. (2021) has described Crellomima mehqisinpekonuta Goodwin, Dinn, Nefedova, Nijhof, Murillo & Nozères, 2021 from northwest Atlantic. Our study presents fifth Crellomima species in worldwide. The three Arctic species are thinly encrusting (up to 0.5 mm thick) and have a hymedesmioid skeleton (Hentschel 1929; Rezvoi 1925). Crellomima mehqisinpekonuta is thinly encrusting (viz., author have not mentioned thickness) and has ascending columns of tornotes supported by a layer of basal acanthostyles echinating the substrate (Goodwin et al. 2021). Crellomima sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu , sp. nov. is also encrusting (up to 3 mm thick), but has a plumoreticulate skeleton, although, acanthostyles are echinating around embedded debris or at the base of the sponge. Furthermore, the new species is the only Crellomima species with sigmas and two categories of chelae (Table 4). Hentschel (1929) described oscules in Crellomima incrustans and Goodwin et al. (2021) observed oscules and pore fields in Crellomima mehqisinpekonuta. Other species of Crellomima had no appertures reported on their surfaces, oscula and/or pore sieves (Hentschel 1929; Rezvoi 1925; van Soest 2002a), including the new species described here (see results above). Willenz et al. (2009) have recorded Crellomima tenuissima (Thiele, 1905) from the Chilean fjord region. We examined the skeleton of this material and observed acanthotornotes in longitudinal tracts throughout the choanosome as well as the same acanthose megascleres fanning out at the surface and disposed (para)tangentially at the ectosomal region. This arrangement of the acanthotornotes at the surface/ectosomal region could be equated with a tangential ectosomal crust as described by Willenz et al. (2009). However, the ectosomal crust of acanthose megascleres peculiar to Crellidae (van Soest 2002a) is clearly differentiated from the underlying choanosomal skeleton, and not a mere consequence of the apical ends of its spiculofibres fanning out in variously oblique or tangential brushes of diactinal spicules. According to our interpretation, Willenz et al. ’s (2009) materials should be classified neither in Crellomima nor in Crellidae. This is so because these specimens lack acanthose megascleres (acanthoxeas or acanthostyles) equivalent to the acanthostyles III observed in C. sigmatifera Fernandez, Gastaldi & Hajdu , sp. nov. Goodwin et al. (2011) have re-examined the type of Hymenanchora tenuissima [Myxillidae Dendy, 1922 (van Soest 2002c), originally as Hymedesmia tenuissima Thiele, 1905] and noted it has a plumose choanosomal skeleton, which they proposed is best classified in Myxilla (Styloptilon) Cabioch, 1968. This skeletal architecture differs from the hymedesmioid one reported by Willenz et al. (2009), thus suggesting the latter’s materials might belong to a separate species.Published as part of Fernandez, Julio C. C., Gastaldi, Marianela, Zapata-Hernández, Germán, Pardo, Luis M., Thompson, Fabiano L. & Hajdu, Eduardo, 2021, New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges, pp. 353-379 in Zootaxa 5052 (3) on pages 369-373, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5052.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/557216
Plato and the Ailing Soul of the Tyrant
No full textThe author examines Plato's characterisation of the tyrant and investigates the theoretical and practical possibility of transforming a tyrant into a good monarch: central to this possibility is an operation of education of the soul
An Old Unknown Map of America. The First to Show the Future Bering Strait
No full text"This map is found without title, date, or the name of the author, in an atlas of the sixteenth century which we have had the pleasure of studying in the Americana library of M. Chadenat, a library rich in cartographical documents… Although this map in its condition does not give the author's name, we have no hesitation in attributing it to Gastaldi because it is clearly designed by the same author as two of the other maps in the collection... What characterizes this map and gives it exceptional historical importance is that contrary to all other maps by Gastaldi one sees America clearly separated from Asia.
Can tax evasion be reduced by fostering cashless payments? A systematic literature review
No full textTax evasion is a crucial issue worldwide. It is facilitated by the cash economy, as cashis untraceable and allows individuals to easily conceal the history of their transac-tions, thus facilitating underreporting. Conversely, cashless payments are traceable,which makes evasion more difficult. Despite increasing interest from policy makers,the literature on the impact of payment instruments on tax evasion is still scarce andfragmented. This paper therefore presents a systematic literature review on the topic.More specifically, we analyze 26 papers published in peer-reviewed journals, whichdocument that cash has a positive impact on tax evasion and the shadow economywhereas card payments foster value added tax compliance. Other topics, such as theimpact of digital wallets and central bank digital currencies on tax evasion, prove toCorresponding author: G. SpinelliPrint ISSN 2049-5404jOnline ISSN 2049-5412 (c) 2024 Infopro Digital Risk (IP) Limited65 be rather neglected. Finally, we discuss which policies can be introduced by policymakers to reduce tax evasion, and we provide suggestions for future research
The place of objects in the stratigraphic theory of Edward C. Harris: reflections from a habitation in the Ambato Valley, Argentina
No full textEn este trabajo evaluamos las potencialidades y límites de la teoría estratigráfica de Edward C. Harris, para desarrollar estudios sobre los objetos arqueológicos en los que se pretenda comprender las prácticas sociales concretas en las que estos habrían estado involucrados en los lugares donde fueron utilizados. Tomamos un caso específico de análisis, la excavación de una habitación del sitio Piedras Blancas ?Valle de Ambato, Catamarca, Argentina-. Teniendo en cuenta los principios de estratigrafía arqueológica, realizamos un análisis reflexivo de las tomas de decisión en el campo con respecto a la definición de las unidades estratigráficas y su vinculación con objetos específicos hallados en el lugar. Esto nos permite: a) replantear el lugar marginal ocupado por los objetos en la teoría de Harris; b) evaluar la importancia de las unidades interfaciales e interfacies de período propuesta por el autor para aprehender otros tipos de relaciones -además de las estratigráficas- que permiten integrar a los objetos en áreas de actividades prácticas específicas y; c) realizar una reflexión crítica sobre las relaciones que se producen entre teoría y práctica en todo trabajo de excavación arqueológica.In this paper, the potential and limitations of Edward C. Harris' stratigraphic theory are evaluated in relation to the development of studies of archaeological objects that approach the understanding of specific social practices in which such objects were involved at the places they were used. The analysis is applied to a specific case, the excavation of a habitation at Piedras Blancas site, Ambato valley, Catamarca, Argentina. Bearing in mind the principles of archaeological stratigraphy, a reflexive analysis of decision making in the field about the definition of the different stratigraphic units and their relation to specific objects found at the site was carried out. Consequently, this paper: a) rethinks the marginal place occupied by objects in Harris' theory; b) assesses the importance of the interfaces and period interfaces suggested by the author in observing other types of relationships- not only the stratigraphic-thus enabling the integration of objects in specific areas; and c) reflects critically on the relations between theory and practice in all excavation work.Fil: Gastaldi, Marcos Roman. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentin
The place of objects in the stratigraphic theory of Edward C. Harris : reflections from a habitation in the Ambato Valley, Argentina.
No full textEn este trabajo evaluamos las potencialidades y límites de la teoría estratigráfica de Edward C. Harris, para desarrollar estudios sobre los objetos arqueológicos en los que se pretenda comprender las prácticas sociales concretas en las que estos habrían estado involucrados en los lugares donde fueron utilizados. Tomamos un caso específico de análisis: la excavación de una habitación del sitio Piedras Blancas, Valle de Ambato, Catamarca, Argentina. Teniendo en cuenta los principios de estratigrafía arqueológica, realizamos un análisis reflexivo de las tomas de decisión en el campo con respecto a la definición de las unidades estratigráficas y su vinculación con objetos específicos hallados en el lugar. Esto nos permite: a) replantear el lugar marginal ocupado por los objetos en la teoría de Harris; b) evaluar la importancia de las unidades interfaciales e interfacies de período propuestas por el autor para aprehender otros tipos de relaciones –además de las estratigráficas– que permiten integrar a los objetos en áreas de actividades prácticas específicas y; c) realizar una reflexión crítica sobre las relaciones que se producen entre teoría y práctica en todo trabajo de excavación arqueológica.Fil: Gastaldi, Marcos R. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades; Argentina.In this paper, the potential and limitations of Edward C. Harris’ stratigraphic theory are evaluated in relation to the development of studies of archaeological objects that approach the understanding of specific social practices in which such objects were involved at the places they were used. The analysis is applied to a specific case, the excavation of a habitation at Piedras Blancas site, Ambato valley, Catamarca, Argentina. Bearing in mind the principles of archaeological stratigraphy, a reflexive analysis of decision making in the field about the definition of the different stratigraphic units and their relation to specific objects found at the site was carried out. Consequently, this paper: a) rethinks the marginal place occupied by objects in Harris’ theory; b) assesses the importance of the interfaces and period interfaces suggested by the author in observing other types of relationships –not only the stratigraphic– thus enabling the integration of objects in specific areas; and c) reflects critically on the relations between theory and practice in all excavation work
The place of objects in the stratigraphic theory of Edward C. Harris: reflections from a habitation in the Ambato Valley, Argentina
No full textEn este trabajo evaluamos las potencialidades y límites de la teoría estratigráfica de Edward C. Harris, para desarrollar estudios sobre los objetos arqueológicos en los que se pretenda comprender las prácticas sociales concretas en las que estos habrían estado involucrados en los lugares donde fueron utilizados. Tomamos un caso específico de análisis, la excavación de una habitación del sitio Piedras Blancas ?Valle de Ambato, Catamarca, Argentina-. Teniendo en cuenta los principios de estratigrafía arqueológica, realizamos un análisis reflexivo de las tomas de decisión en el campo con respecto a la definición de las unidades estratigráficas y su vinculación con objetos específicos hallados en el lugar. Esto nos permite: a) replantear el lugar marginal ocupado por los objetos en la teoría de Harris; b) evaluar la importancia de las unidades interfaciales e interfacies de período propuesta por el autor para aprehender otros tipos de relaciones -además de las estratigráficas- que permiten integrar a los objetos en áreas de actividades prácticas específicas y; c) realizar una reflexión crítica sobre las relaciones que se producen entre teoría y práctica en todo trabajo de excavación arqueológica.In this paper, the potential and limitations of Edward C. Harris' stratigraphic theory are evaluated in relation to the development of studies of archaeological objects that approach the understanding of specific social practices in which such objects were involved at the places they were used. The analysis is applied to a specific case, the excavation of a habitation at Piedras Blancas site, Ambato valley, Catamarca, Argentina. Bearing in mind the principles of archaeological stratigraphy, a reflexive analysis of decision making in the field about the definition of the different stratigraphic units and their relation to specific objects found at the site was carried out. Consequently, this paper: a) rethinks the marginal place occupied by objects in Harris' theory; b) assesses the importance of the interfaces and period interfaces suggested by the author in observing other types of relationships- not only the stratigraphic-thus enabling the integration of objects in specific areas; and c) reflects critically on the relations between theory and practice in all excavation work.Fil: Gastaldi, Marcos Roman. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentin
«Mi scriva dunque un suo Autoprofilo completo». Nota sul Profilo Autobiografico di Italo Svevo
No full textA partire dal ritrovamento presso l’archivio del Museo Sveviano della corrispondenza tra Italo Svevo e Mario Gastaldi, editore milanese attivo specialmente negli anni trenta del Novecento, il contributo si propone di precisare l’incerta tradizione del Profilo autobiografico. Le lettere riportate alla luce permettono di riformulare parzialmente i giudizi critici finora espressi e di fornire prove circa la paternità sveviana del documento in oggetto. Infine, un confronto tra il manoscritto-dattiloscritto di Giulio Cesari, che contiene un canovaccio dell’autobiografia modificata poi da Svevo, e il Profilo apparso già nel 1928 sotto forma di articolo di giornale e firmato da Gastaldi permetterà di verificare quali siano state le sostanziali varianti operate dall’autore triestino, confermando l’importanza e il carattere di eccezionalità di un testo che occorrerà riportare al centro degli studi sveviani.The aim of this paper is to clarify the textual tradition of Italo Svevo's Profilo autobiografico. Following the discovery of the correspondence between Svevo and the publisher Mario Gastaldi, it is now easier to prove that Svevo massively contributed to composing the text. Moreover, thanks to a comparison between new and old textual witnesses, it is now possible to identify the variants introduced by the author, which confirm the literary importance of the Profilo autobiografico for the modern studies on Italo Svevo's works
L'edizione dell'erma di Menandro e il ritorno a Ligorio e a Orsini.
No full textTra le epigrafi greche conservate in Piemonte un documento, in particolare, si segnala per la sua lunga storia di mobilità e di collezionismo che risale già al XVI secolo. Di provenienza romana e databile all’età imperiale, un’erma di Menandro giunse infatti a far parte delle collezioni di Carlo Emanuele I di Savoia: essa presenta un lungo testo epigrafico di cui l’autore fornisce qui l’edizione critica e il commento testuale. Il lavoro presenta l’obiettivo dichiarato di sottolineare l’urgenza dell’autopsia al fine di stabilire un’attendibile comprensione testuale e al fine di evitare inutili esercizi filologici. Il contributo costituisce inoltre il completamento di un precedente lavoro, già dedicato dall’autore all’esegesi storica del manufatto.
Among the Greek inscriptions of the Piedmont area, a document, in particular, is outstanding for its long history of mobility that dates back to the sixteenth century. Originally found in Rome and datable to the imperial age, a Menander herm came to be part of the collections of Carlo Emanuele 1st of Savoy: it presents a long epigraphic text of which the author provides here the critical edition and the textual commentary. The work presents the declared goal of underlining the urgency of the autopsy in order to establish a reliable textual comprehension and to avoid unnecessary philological exercises. This paper also aims to complete a previous work, that the author already dedicated to the historical exegesis of the inscription
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