52,225 research outputs found
Uncovering a new class of reactions in the atmosphere: SN2-type substitution reactions of nitrogen oxides and seawater
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Previous issue date: 2019-06-18Recent studies indicate that nitrogen oxide species in the atmosphere, including NO and ONONO, undergo a new class of S2-type substitution reactions when in contact with seawater and sea spray aerosols.\footnote{P. J. Kelleher, F. S. Menges, J. W. DePalma, J. K. Denton, M. A. Johnson, G. H. Weddle, B. Hirshberg, R. B. Gerber, \textit{J. Phys. Chem. Lett.} \textbf{8}, 4710 (2017).}\footnote{R. B. Gerber, L. McCaslin, N. V. Karimova, \textit{Faraday Discuss.} (Accepted).}\footnote{L. M. McCaslin, M. A. Johnson, R. B. Gerber, (In review)} The reactions of atmospheric nitrogen oxides with seawater play many integral roles in regulating levels of O, OH, NO, and CH, thus directly affecting radiative forcing and global climate. However, the effect of the number of water molecules on the mechanisms for this new group of S2-type reactions of nitrogen oxides and the competition of these processes with hydrolysis have not yet been characterized. Here we present the mechanisms and timescales of S2-type substitution and hydrolysis reactions of NO with seawater in the cluster series NO + Cl + nHO (n=1-5). Previous studies of the cluster NO + Cl + HO provide deep insights into the local behavior of these systems. The presented studies of this cluster with water molecules added one-by-one allows for a detailed understanding of the effects of a solvation shell as it is built, providing a connection between the behavior of these small clusters and atmospherically relevant systems. Vibrational spectroscopic signatures of key intermediates are discussed and compared to recent and ongoing experiments.$^a
Schooling and education.
No full textSchooling and education by Giles R. Wright with Howard L. Green and Lee R. Parks. Number 4 in the New Jersey Ethnic Life Series. Published by New Jersey Historical Commission
Supplemental Material, PWQ791154_Brownstone_Military_Sexual_Trauma - The Phenomenology of Military Sexual Trauma Among Women Veterans
No full text Supplemental Material, PWQ791154_Brownstone_Military_Sexual_Trauma for The Phenomenology
of Military Sexual Trauma Among Women Veterans by Lisa M. Brownstone, Brooke Dorsey
Holliman, Holly R. Gerber, and Lindsey L. Monteith in Psychology of Women Quarterly </p
D- and L-lactate in rabbit and human bacterial meningitis
No full textIncreased total CSF lactate is an important indicator differentiating bacterial from aseptic meningitis. Bacteria can produce D- and L-lactate; mammalian cells produce only L-lactate. We measured D- and L-lactate production of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli in vitro, of S. pneumoniae and E. coli in rabbit experimental meningitis and of various common pathogens in CSF from patients with bacterial meningitis. Despite marked in vitro production of D-lactate by S. aureus (maximum: 4.59 mmol/l; i.e. 34.9% of total lactate), N. meningitidis (4.62 mmol/l; i.e. 98.1%) and E. coli (3.14 mmol/l; i.e. 97.2%), minimal amounts were measured in human S. aureus (0.38 mmol/l; i.e. 1.3% of total lactate) or N. meningitidis (0.28 mmol/l; i.e. 3.9%) and experimental E. coli meningitis (0.75 mmol/l; i.e. 4.4%). In only 9 of 54 human CSF samples did D-lactate exceed 0.15 mmol/l. S. pneumoniae did not produce significant amounts of D-lactate in vitro (maximum; 0.55 mmol/l; i.e. 2.7% of total lactate), in experimental meningitis (0.18 mmol/l; i.e. 3%) or in human cases of meningitis (0.28 mmol/l; i.e. 1.9%). In conclusion, increased total CSF lactate in meningitis consists mainly of L-lactate and originates predominantly from host cells. CSF D-lactate is of limited diagnostic value
D- and L-lactate in rabbit and human bacterial meningitis
No full textIncreased total CSF lactate is an important indicator differentiating bacterial from aseptic meningitis. Bacteria can produce D- and L-lactate; mammalian cells produce only L-lactate. We measured D- and L-lactate production of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli in vitro, of S. pneumoniae and E. coli in rabbit experimental meningitis and of various common pathogens in CSF from patients with bacterial meningitis. Despite marked in vitro production of D-lactate by S. aureus (maximum: 4.59 mmol/l; i.e. 34.9% of total lactate), N. meningitidis (4.62 mmol/l; i.e. 98.1%) and E. coli (3.14 mmol/l; i.e. 97.2%), minimal amounts were measured in human S. aureus (0.38 mmol/l; i.e. 1.3% of total lactate) or N. meningitidis (0.28 mmol/l; i.e. 3.9%) and experimental E. coli meningitis (0.75 mmol/l; i.e. 4.4%). In only 9 of 54 human CSF samples did D-lactate exceed 0.15 mmol/l. S. pneumoniae did not produce significant amounts of D-lactate in vitro (maximum; 0.55 mmol/l; i.e. 2.7% of total lactate), in experimental meningitis (0.18 mmol/l; i.e. 3%) or in human cases of meningitis (0.28 mmol/l; i.e. 1.9%). In conclusion, increased total CSF lactate in meningitis consists mainly of L-lactate and originates predominantly from host cells. CSF D-lactate is of limited diagnostic value
optimParallel: an R package providing a parallel version of the L-BFGS-B optimization method
No full textThe R package optimParallel provides a parallel version of the L-BFGS-B optimization method of optim(). The main function of the package is optimParallel(), which has the same usage and output as optim(). Using optimParallel() can significantly reduce the optimization time, especially when the evaluation time of the objective function is large and no analytical gradient is available. We introduce the R package and illustrate its implementation, which takes advantage of the lexical scoping mechanism of R
Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation: A case with modification of Gerber procedure for humeral head reconstruction at 10-year follow-up
No full textWe report a case of acute traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation in a 41-year-old patient, which we treated surgically by a modification of the procedure described by Gerber for humeral head reconstruction in such cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by CT scan, which also helped us to assess the size of the antero-medial humeral head defect or impaction secondary to the dislocation; the size of this defect being a determinant element for the indication. Because the shoulder was unstable after closed reduction and almost 50percent of the humeral head was impacted, we carried out a surgical treatment using an original technique as mentioned above. Radiologic and surgical features of acute traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation are discussed with special emphasis on diagnosis, indications and surgical aspects of this rare lesion, which represent 2-4percent of acute traumatic shoulder dislocations. © 2008 Springer-Verlag.ARNDT JH, 1965, AMER J ROENTGENOL RA, V94, P639; BLOOM MH, 1967, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, VA 49, P943; CISTERNINO SJ, 1978, AM J ROENTGENOL, V130, P951; CONSTANT CR, 1987, CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R, P160; Dubousset J, 1967, Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot, V53, P65; FINKELSTEIN JA, 1995, J ORTHOP TRAUMA, V9, P190; Gerber C, 1991, CAHIERS ENSEIGNEMENT, V40, P223; GERBER C, 2006, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V87, P1739; GERBER C, 1988, CAHIERS ENSEIGNEMENT, V33, P51; Gerber C, 1996, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V78A, P376; HAWKINS RJ, 1987, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V69A, P9; Kaar TK, 1999, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V81A, P708; MANSAT M, 1988, REV CHIR ORTHOP, V74, P257; MCLAUGHLIN HL, 1952, J BONE JOINT SURG AM, V34-A, P584; PICARD F, 1993, JOURN LYONN EP LYON; Picard F, 1998, REV CHIR ORTHOP, V84, P217; RANDELLI M, 1988, 2 C EUR SOC SHOULD E; RICHARDS RH, 1989, INJURY, V20, P297, DOI 10.1016-0020-1383(89)90174-5; Samilson R L, 1964, Clin Orthop Relat Res, V32, P69; STABLEFORTH PG, 1992, J BONE JOINT SURG BR, V74, P579; Swamy G, 1998, J TRAUMA, V44, P377, DOI 10.1097-00005373-199802000-00026; VANDENBUSCHE E, 1996, CAHIER SOFCOT, V56, P238; VANDENBUSSCHE E, 1994, CAHIERS ENSEIGNEMENT, V49, P75; VASTAMAKI M, 1980, ACTA ORTHOP SCAND, V51, P479, DOI 10.3109-17453678008990827; VICHARD P, 1981, REV CHIR ORTHOP, V67, P71; VICHARD P, 1988, CAHIERS ENSEIGNEMENT, V31, P179; WALCH G, 1990, REV CHIR ORTHOP, V76, P5460
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
De Maiestate / Praeside M. Jacobo Thomasio, Moralis Philosoph. P. P., publice disputabit Johannes Dunte, R. L. Author & Respon: ad diem 9. Septembr. H L. Q. C.
No full textDE MAIESTATE / PRAESIDE M. JACOBO THOMASIO, MORALIS PHILOSOPH. P. P., PUBLICE DISPUTABIT JOHANNES DUNTE, R. L. AUTHOR & RESPON: AD DIEM 9. SEPTEMBR. H L. Q. C.
De Maiestate / Praeside M. Jacobo Thomasio, Moralis Philosoph. P. P., publice disputabit Johannes Dunte, R. L. Author & Respon: ad diem 9. Septembr. H L. Q. C. (1)
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