414 research outputs found
Identity and dislocation in Caribbean women's literature: a study of the writings of Velma Pollard
No full textJamaican-born Velma Pollard has been publishing poetry and short stories for nearly
thirty years. Her first poems appeared in the 1970s, her first volume of short stories in
1989, and her first novel in 1994. Despite this considerable literary output, in the evergrowing
critical literature on Caribbean women's writing Pollard's work has not attracted
any of the scholarly treatment accorded to other writers. Given this lack of critical
attention to Pollard's considerable body of work, this thesis aims to provide the first
detailed and contextualised study of her writings (excluding the majority of her poetry
and of her writings on linguistics), and to accord Pollard the recognition her work
deserves.
Chapter 1 of this thesis situates Pollard's writings in the context of Caribbean
(women's) literature, and writings on identity, dislocations and (Caribbean) migration. I
argue that Pollard's principal contribution to Caribbean literature is found in her
engagement with two main subjects, return migration and relationships (male-female and
female-female), within a wider context of debates on identity and dislocation.
Chapter 2 introduces Pollard's work by way of a general discussion of her novella
Karl, which won the Casa de las Americas literary award in 1992. I consider Karl to be
central to Pollard's work, not least because it features many of the themes explored by
her later writings, including her novel, Homestretch, which is the subject of Chapter 3.
Pollard's first novel, Homestretch, which was published in 1994, explores the themes
of identity and dislocation through the experiences of 'return migrants' and 'repeat
migrants' and their comparison of life in England, the United States and Jamaica. The
novel chronicles how these migrants come to reconnect with and accept their cultural
heritage.
In chapters 4 and 5 I discuss selected stories taken from Pollard's two collections
of short stories, Considering Woman ('Cages', 'My Sisters', 'My Mother', and 'Gran') and
from Karl and Other Stories ('A Night's Tale', 'Miss Chandra', 'Betsy Hyde', and 'Altamont
Jones'). In these stories Pollard explores male-female relationships and the lives of
several generations and a wide range of Caribbean women and men. Pollard utilises the
West Indian setting, speech, situations and conflicts in these stories to graphically
describe familiar Caribbean role models and to provide a narrative and literary
examination of the frustrations and conflicting desires of women in the region.
In my conclusion, I address the ethnographic quality and significance of her work,
and its contribution to an understanding of the Caribbean
Vascular endothelial growth factor restores delayed tumor progression in tumors depleted of macrophages
No full textGenetic depletion of macrophages in Polyoma Middle T oncoprotein (PyMT)-induced mammary tumors in mice delayed the angiogenic switch and the progression to malignancy. To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) produced by tumor-associated macrophages regulated the onset of the angiogenic switch, a genetic approach was used to restore expression of VEGF-A into tumors at the benign stages. This stimulated formation of a high-density vessel network and in macrophage-depleted mice, was followed by accelerated tumor progression. The expression of VEGF-A led to a massive infiltration into the tumor of leukocytes that were mostly macrophages. This study suggests that macrophage-produced VEGF regulates malignant progression through stimulating tumor angiogenesis, leukocytic infiltration and tumor cell invasion
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Bivens's Revisions: Constitutional Torts After Minneci v. Pollard
No full textThis Comment examines the current state of the Bivens doctrine in light of the Supreme Court's recent holding in Minneci v. Pollard. The author argues that, rather than another example of the Court's wariness toward "extending" Bivens to a "new context," Minneci represents a subtle but significant retreat for the doctrine itself. After critiquing the Court's application of the traditional two-step test for assessing potential Bivens claims, the Comment concludes by exploring what the Minneci Court's reasoning may portend for the future of Bivens.</p
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MFTF: Mirror Fusion Test Facility, Vacuum vessel cost analysis
No full textAt the request of Victor Karpenko, Project Manager for LLL`s Mirror Fusion Test Facility (MFTF), EG&G, Inc., has prepared this independent cost and schedule analysis for the proposed MFTF Vacuum Vessel. Gerald Dittman, LLL Project Engineer for the MFTF vacuum vessel system, and Wayne Pollard, LLL Staff Engineer, collaborated with EG&G and provided the vacuum vessel requirements. EG&G`s analysis has attempted to show sufficient detail to provide adequate definition for estimating cost
Pickardville W.I. Celebrates 50th Anniversary
No full textNewspaper Article - 'Pickardville W.I. Celebrates 50th Anniversary'AWI Collection50th Anniversary
Fifty ladies attended a tea in had picked up the torch and car- the Pickardville W. I. and Mrs. K.
the Westlock United Church hall ried it well. Arlow, on behalf of t h e Indepen-on
Friday afternoon, January 12, A P ° e m titled " H o w ^ Y° u " dence W. I. presented an engraved
1973 to celebrate the 50th anniver- was then read by Judy Stefan, gavel.
f r>- i j •„ TO x followed by everyone singing Courtesies for the day were then
sary of the Pickardville W. I. P r a i r i e R o s e > t h e s o n g w r i t t e n g i y e n b y A u d r e y L J g
The tea tables were beautifully by Mary Mercier and dedicated E a c h o f t h e p r e s e n t members
decorated in A. W. I, colors of to, t h e A - W I - a n d ™ r c i t i z e n s was a hostess at a tea table. At
ot our province
deep blue and white and accented P e g g y B r o w n " t h e n introduced t h i s P o i n t o f t h e P r ° g r a m they
with gold candles. The head table the guest speaker ' ~> an Hollands lit; t h e c a n d l e s a t t n e i r table s and
was backed with a large gold ?°" " nter ^ . S f j t M e n. jP0. y ewd hob y gaalvL e Hai « titma lekl yi nmc leusdsead ge T ™ ea arid a glo* vei* y' ? lu n^ ch 0 d e theMn"
ters Pickardville Women s Inst!- recognition of the many good served. Pouring at the head ; able
ed} V \ b^ y blue * srtr eamers Trli ns Taiblte w o r k s t h e A - W J - ] ' a v e a c n i e v e d were Mrs. Katharina Stefan rep- a n d s u g g e s t e d w e g e e k m o r e ^ ^
was centered with a lovely large l i c i t y o n l o c a l endeavours. We and Mrs. Chorlotte Gower repre-cake
decorated by Fanny Sterling w e r e l e a s e d t 0 h a v e D a n menbers The
behind which was a lovely floral d h j if r » n , n r h v with . « . bt- n ™ S i n e e c - r i v manners, ine
hmiaupt sent bv the Westlock W I „ <. „ Y 0 ? ^ 3 anniversary cak e was cut by the
A- W. I. by everyone present, and the Pic-
Also set up in the hall was a Mrs. Kay McMillan, provincial karville W. I. wish to take this
table with backdrop containing secretary- treasurer, presented a opportunity to thank all who sup-historical
material and greetings^ Golden Anniversary certificate to ported our function.
received from v, ariou s people an^ * ——
organizations. Of particular interest
was the life membership pin
and picture of the late Mrs. T. II.
Gower an extremely active member
of this group fcr 36 years.
Visitors were greeted at the
door by Mrs. J. Pollard who was
in charge of the guest book.
The program began with the
signing of O'Canada, followed by
the Institute Creed. M. C. for the
afternoon was President Peggy
Brown who then gave a few
words of welcome and tribute to
the early members, seven of
whom were able to attend, namely
Mrs. A. Adam, Mrs. Annie Glebe
Mrs. Lawley, Mrs. J. Halwa, Mrs
Delia Craddock , Mrs. Charlotte
Gower and Mrs. S. Yeomans.
These ladies were brought forward
introduced and asked to say
a few words. Corsages, made by
Phyllic Chapotelle in deep blue
and white, were pinned on each
one by Audrey Lang. Then everyone
sang the Institute Rally Song
accompaniel by Mrs. Tom McMillan
at the piano.
This club disbanded in 1949 but
was re- organized in 1953. Four of
the reorganizing members were
present who were then brought up
to the front, introduced and each
said a few words. These members
were Mrs. Rose Victoor, Mr.
Irene Marshall, Mrs. Florence
Lambert and Mrs. Charolette
Gower. Another song, titled Alberta
was sung by all present.
Then the present members were
brought forward and introduced.
They were: Secretary Audrey
Lang, Treasurer Judy Stefan, Historian
Margaret Hanlan ( member
16 years), Mrs. J. Pollard ( member
12 years), Mary Pollard ( 12
years), Katharina Stefa n ( 11 yrs)
Phyllis Chapotelle and President
Peggy Brown. Absentees also
mentioned were Arline Alters ( 11
years) Judy McCarthur and club
reporter Ruth Pollard.
Margaret Hanlan then gave the
history of Pickardville W. I. In
the early days it was a very active
group, preparing baby bundles,
Christmas hampers and
helping physically and financially
in the community wherever it
was needed. During World War II
they prepared parcels for our
servicemen overseas, stipulating
that everything in them ( including
candy) must be homemade, and
also purchased cartons of cigarettes
to include in each parcel.
Their spare hours at that time
were spe'it knittirg for the servicemen
and they contributed greatly
to thi s worthwhile cause. After
reorganizing, the group contained
to be active in the community. Be
sides doing things previously mentioned,
they furnished the kitchen
in the Pickardville Curling Rink
and donated a curling trophy for
many years. They also spearheaded
a drive for a piano and libr-ry
in Pembina Lodge and donated
a bookcase for this project.
One of the many things they did
to raise money was running the
food booth in the Triple ' J' Auction
Mart. The present group
raises money through doll clothes
sales, selling cotton wiping rags
and cards. Any donations of rags
would be gratefully accepted by
any of the members: In 1971 they
raised money to buy a special type
hearing aid for a W. I. member.
Next on the program were two
dances d o n e by Peggy Brown and
Jenny Sterling, attired in old fashioned
clothing.
Past and present constituency
convenors were then introduced
by Mary Pollard. Past convenors
Mrs. Mary Squair, Esther Brown
and Gladys Doherty said a few
words, Mowed by present constituency
convenor Mrs. Florence
Cameron bringing greetings from
the Pembina Constituency. Later
in the afternoon, another past
convenor, Mrs. Ida McMillan arrived
and was honored also.
Mrs. Nellie Whitson of Edmonton,
Provincial 2nd vice- president
then gave a timely message in
which she stated the present grou
Farmers and China's Agricultural Reforms: Using Taylor's Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Models for Developing Countries
No full textThis paper employs two-sector models, derived from Lance Taylor's CGE models, to portray functional relationships among various economic factors during two important agricultural reforms in China, the mid-1980s and late 2003. In the study, the characteristics of the two reforms are tested by observing their significances on production and consumption of food and nonfood sectors. The paper finds that these agricultural policies contribute significant and positive effects not only on food sectors but also on nonfood sectors due to their strong linkage. In addition, the author suggests that improvement of farmers' income constitutes direct and indirect effects by injecting significant benefits into the economy in the short run. Furthermore, the author concludes that, instead of merely playing a passive role of the development of industry, agriculture in China is a key in creating a substantial market for the non-agricultural sectors. In the domain of economics, the paper attempts to theorize the two reforms and answer to the question of why the policies exist in the way they did, and hopefully will serve as a useful guide in future Chinese agricultural policy making
Risk analysis and management in the water utility sector - a review of drivers, tools and techniques
No full textThe provision of wholesome, affordable and safe drinking water that has the
trust of customers is the goal of the international water utility sector. Risk
management, in terms of protecting the public health from pathogenic and
chemical hazards has driven and continues to drive developments within the
sector. In common with much of industry, the water sector is formalizing and
making explicit approaches to risk management and decision-making that have
formerly been implicit. Here, we review the risk management frameworks and risk
analysis tools and techniques used within the water sector, considering their
application at the strategic, programme and operational levels of decision-
making. Our analysis extends the application beyond that of public health to
issues of financial risk management, reliability and risk-based maintenance and
the application of business risk maturity models
Firm finances, weather derivatives and geography
No full textThis paper considers some intellectual, practical and political dimensions of collaboration between human and physical geographers exploring how firms are using relatively new financial products – weather derivatives – to displace any costs of weather-related uncertainty and risk. The paper defines weather derivatives and indicates how they differ from weather insurance products before considering the geo-political, cultural and economic context for their creation. The paper concludes by reflecting on the challenges of research collaboration across the human–physical geography divide and suggests that while such initiatives may be undermined by a range of institutional and intellectual factors, conversations between physical and human geographers remain and are likely to become increasingly pertinent. The creation of a market in weather derivatives raises a host of urgent political and regulatory questions and the confluence of natural and social knowledges, co-existing within and through the geography academy, provides a constructive and creative basis from which to engage with this new market and wider discourses of uneven economic development and climate change
CCL2 recruits inflammatory monocytes to facilitate breast-tumour metastasis
No full textMacrophages, which are abundant in the tumour microenvironment, enhance malignancy. At metastatic sites, a distinct population of metastasis-associated macrophages promotes the extravasation, seeding and persistent growth of tumour cells. Here we define the origin of these macrophages by showing that Gr1-positive inflammatory monocytes are preferentially recruited to pulmonary metastases but not to primary mammary tumours in mice. This process also occurs for human inflammatory monocytes in pulmonary metastases of human breast cancer cells. The recruitment of these inflammatory monocytes, which express CCR2 (the receptor for chemokine CCL2), as well as the subsequent recruitment of metastasis-associated macrophages and their interaction with metastasizing tumour cells, is dependent on CCL2 synthesized by both the tumour and the stroma. Inhibition of CCL2-CCR2 signalling blocks the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes, inhibits metastasis in vivo and prolongs the survival of tumour-bearing mice. Depletion of tumour-cell-derived CCL2 also inhibits metastatic seeding. Inflammatory monocytes promote the extravasation of tumour cells in a process that requires monocyte-derived vascular endothelial growth factor. CCL2 expression and macrophage infiltration are correlated with poor prognosis and metastatic disease in human breast cancer. Our data provide the mechanistic link between these two clinical associations and indicate new therapeutic targets for treating metastatic breast cancer
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