631 research outputs found
Synthesis of 3-Farnesyl Salicylic Acid, a Novel Antimicrobial from Piper multiplinervium
No full textBoth 3-farnesyl salicylic acid and 3-geranyl salicylic acid were synthesized from 2,6-dibromophenol and showed low levels of antimicrobial activity against E. coli strains.This article is published as Kraus, George A., Divya Chaudhary, Sean Riley, Feng Liu, Allison Schlapkohl, Megan Weems, and Gregory J. Phillips. "Synthesis of 3-Farnesyl Salicylic Acid a Novel Antimicrobial from Piper multiplinervium." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 7 (2013): 911-913. DOI: 10.1177%2F1934578X1300800714. Posted with permission.</p
Merchants of Virtue
No full textMerchants of Virtue explores the question of what it meant to be Hindu in precolonial South Asia. Divya Cherian presents a fine-grained study of everyday life and local politics in the kingdom of Marwar in eighteenth-century western India to uncover how merchants enforced their caste ideals of vegetarianism and bodily austerity as universal markers of Hindu identity. Using legal strategies and alliances with elites, these merchants successfully remade the category of “Hindu,” setting it in contrast to “Untouchable” in a process that reconfigured Hinduism in caste terms. In a history pertinent to understanding India today, Cherian establishes the centrality of caste to the early-modern Hindu self and to its imagination of inadmissible others.
“A refreshingly different perspective on the history of caste and untouchability in India, enlarging the field of scholarship from its focus on the colonial era by telling us how precolonial configurations of power in the locality shaped the everyday experience of caste.” — GOPAL GURU, coauthor of The Cracked Mirror and Experience, Caste, and the Everyday Social
“This provocative and empirically rich study offers a plenitude of fascinating insights into aspects of western Indian history ca. 1800, from kingship and caste hierarchy to abortion and alcohol consumption. Particularly innovative is its focus on the critical role played by merchants in articulating social identities that became widespread in modern times.” — CYNTHIA TALBOT, author of The Last Hindu Emperor
“A pathbreaking book that explodes essentialist views of the construction of Hindu and Muslim identities in precolonial India. Divya Cherian provocatively argues that the category of ‘Hindu’ was the primary locus for a system of radical othering that excluded Untouchables (and Muslims as Untouchables) through mechanisms of state, law, and everyday life.” — CHRISTIAN LEE NOVETZKE, Professor of South Asian and Religious Studies, University of Washingto
Merchants of Virtue
No full textMerchants of Virtue explores the question of what it meant to be Hindu in precolonial South Asia. Divya Cherian presents a fine-grained study of everyday life and local politics in the kingdom of Marwar in eighteenth-century western India to uncover how merchants enforced their caste ideals of vegetarianism and bodily austerity as universal markers of Hindu identity. Using legal strategies and alliances with elites, these merchants successfully remade the category of “Hindu,” setting it in contrast to “Untouchable” in a process that reconfigured Hinduism in caste terms. In a history pertinent to understanding India today, Cherian establishes the centrality of caste to the early-modern Hindu self and to its imagination of inadmissible others.
“A refreshingly different perspective on the history of caste and untouchability in India, enlarging the field of scholarship from its focus on the colonial era by telling us how precolonial configurations of power in the locality shaped the everyday experience of caste.” — GOPAL GURU, coauthor of The Cracked Mirror and Experience, Caste, and the Everyday Social
“This provocative and empirically rich study offers a plenitude of fascinating insights into aspects of western Indian history ca. 1800, from kingship and caste hierarchy to abortion and alcohol consumption. Particularly innovative is its focus on the critical role played by merchants in articulating social identities that became widespread in modern times.” — CYNTHIA TALBOT, author of The Last Hindu Emperor
“A pathbreaking book that explodes essentialist views of the construction of Hindu and Muslim identities in precolonial India. Divya Cherian provocatively argues that the category of ‘Hindu’ was the primary locus for a system of radical othering that excluded Untouchables (and Muslims as Untouchables) through mechanisms of state, law, and everyday life.” — CHRISTIAN LEE NOVETZKE, Professor of South Asian and Religious Studies, University of Washingto
Improved collision detection in StarLogo Nova
No full textThesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (page 65).StarLogo Nova is blocks-based educational software that allows students to write and play their own 3D games online. It is the online version of StarLogo TNG. This thesis explores the problem of needing more accurate collision detection in StarLogo Nova while maintaining reasonable performance. Three new collision detection systems for StarLogo Nova are developed and evaluated. Compared to the spheres used to perform collision checks in the current system, the first new system, called the TightestFitCollider, introduces a variety of bounding spheres, bounding boxes, and bounding capsules as bounding structures that may fit the models in StarLogo Nova more closely. The second system, called the HierarchicalCollider, uses hierarchies of bounding boxes to perform even more precise collision detection than the TightestFitCollider. Finally, the third system combines the first two systems, so that the advantages of each can be used as appropriate. The three systems are evaluated for their accuracy and performance within the StarLogo Nova framework.by Divya Bajekal.M. Eng
Antiepileptic drugs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after subarachnoid haemorrhage
No full textBackground: subarachnoid haemorrhage may result in seizures both acutely and in the longer term. The use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after subarachnoid haemorrhage is uncertain, and there is currently no consensus on treatment.Objectives: to assess the effects of AEDs for the primary and secondary prevention of seizures after subarachnoid haemorrhage.Search methods: we searched the Cochrane Epilepsy Group Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2013, Issue 1) in The Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE (1946 to 12th March 2013). We checked the reference lists of articles retrieved from these searches.Selection criteria: we considered all randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials in which patients were assigned to a treatment (one or more AEDs) or placebo.Data collection and analysis: two review authors (RM and JK) independently screened and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. If studies were included, one author extracted the data and the other checked it.Main results: no relevant studies were found.Authors' conclusions: there was no evidence to support or refute the use of antiepileptic drugs for the primary or secondary prevention of seizures related to subarachnoid haemorrhage. Well-designed randomised controlled trials are urgently needed to guide clinical practice
Generational change:A review of the structures & processes that have influenced educational research since 1990
No full textBuilding on previous BERA-commissioned profiles of the education discipline (most recently Oancea & Mills, 2015), our systematic scoping review (Boyle et al., 2021; see also Stentiford et al., 2021) casts new light on the recent history of education research in UK higher education (HE) by seeking a better understanding of the structures and processes – both formal and informal, respectively – that have influenced education research activities and debates between 1990 and 2020. This literature review – which we believe is the first on this topic and at this scale – will shape the next stages of BERA’s ongoing State of the Discipline project (see p. 5).Christopher Boyle, Lauren Stentiford, George Koutsouris, Divya Jindal-Snape. Simon Benham-Clarke and Javiera Salaza River
Hyaluronan: its potential application in intervertebral disc regeneration
No full textBojiang Shen, Aiqun Wei, Divya Bhargav, Thomas Kishen, Ashish D DiwanOrthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. George Hospital, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, AustraliaAbstract: Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous component of extracellular matrix in human tissues with diverse functions in skeletal biology. The biophysical properties of HA, such as high viscosity, elasticity and highly negative charge, make it useful in various therapeutic procedures. Although intra-articular administration of HA has been extensively used in the management of osteoarthritis (OA), there is a paucity of data on the clinical application of HA in intervertebral disc repair. This review discusses the biology and signaling mechanisms of HA, the pathophysiology of disc degeneration and summarises current evidence relating to the role of HA in cell phenotype maintenance, differentiation of chondrocytes, intervertebral disc cells and bone marrow stromal cells, and its application in tissue engineering. Based on recent advances in the clinical outcomes of OA treatment, HA has demonstrated potential as a bio-polymer filler, therapeutic agent and cell carrier in the management of intervertebral disc degeneration.Keywords: hyaluronan, cartilage, intervertebral disc, stromal cells, tissue engineering, back pai
Magnetic resonance imaging of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO₂)
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-128).Oxygen consumption is an essential process of the functioning brain. The rate at which the brain consumes oxygen is known as the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO₂). CMRO₂ is intimately related to brain health and function, and will change in settings of disease and functional activation. Accurate CMRO₂ measurement will enable detailed investigation of neuropathology and facilitate our understanding of the brain's underlying functional architecture. Despite the importance of CMRO₂ in both clinical and basic neuroscience settings, a robust CMRO₂ mapping technique amenable to functional and clinical MRI has not been established. To address this issue, a novel method called QUantitative Imaging of eXtraction of Oxygen and TIssue Consumption, or QUIXOTIC, is introduced. The key innovation in QUIXOTIC is the use of velocity-selective spin labeling to isolate MR signal exclusively from post-capillary venular blood on a voxel-by-voxel basis. This isolated signal can be related to venular oxygen saturation, oxygen extraction fraction, and ultimately CMRO₂. This thesis first explores fundamental theory behind the QUIXOTIC technique, including design of a novel MRI pulse sequence, explanation of the principal sequence parameters, and results from initial human experiences. A human trial follows, in which QUIXOTIC is used to measure cortical gray matter CMRO₂ in ten healthy volunteers.(cont.) QUIXOTIC-measured CMRO₂ is found to be within the expected physiological range and is comparable to values reported by other techniques. QUIXOTIC is then applied to evaluate CMRO₂ response to carbon-dioxide-induced hypercapnia in awake humans. In this study, CMRO₂ is observed to decrease in response to mild hypercapnia. Finally, pilot studies that show feasibility of QUIXOTIC-based functional MRI (fMRI) and so-called "turbo" QUIXOTIC are presented and discussed.by Divya Sanam Bolar.Ph.D
The Role of Self-Sampling for HPV in the Primary Prevention of Cervical Cancer
No full textIntroduction:
Cervical cancer is a striking women\u27s health problem worldwide. It is the fourth most common cancer in women and the seventh most common cancer worldwide1. There were roughly 604,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 342,000 deaths in 20202. Most of these cases occur in developing countries due to ineffective screening initiatives2. Screening essentially allows pre-cancerous lesions to be identified at stages where they can easily be treated; screening methods include cytology and HPV testing (Human Papillomavirus)1. HPV has over 100 strains and is one of the most common risk factors for cervical cancer. HPV testing is more sensitive than cytology which has been successfully used to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in high- income countries1. Compared to cytology pap smear testing, HPV testing can be done by a specimen collected by the woman-self-sampling3 and removes the need for a pelvic exam and a provider1. Scientifically, HPV testing is more sensitive than traditional cervical cancer screening cytology, which has been successfully utilized to decrease the cervical cancer rate in high- income countries1. This empowers women by letting them be in control and collect their own specimens in private, at a time and place of their choosing3. This strategy is been designed to be utilized in low-income and rural communities with limited resources and options to travel to distant health facilities for screening3. As a result, it has shown results to improve access to increase screening, particularly among under-screened women in rural populations3. When diagnosed, cervical cancer can be successfully treated as long as it is detected early and managed effectively3. It takes 15 to 20 years for cervical cancer to develop in women with healthy immune systems, and 5 to 10 years in women who are immunocompromised, such as those with cancer, autoimmune diseases, and untreated HIV infection3. WHO Global Strategy has a goal to achieve Running Head: The Role of Self-Sampling for HPV in the Primary Prevention of Cervical 4 Cancer the “90-70-90” targets by 2030 and this states that 90% of girls should be fully vaccinated with the HPV vaccine by age 25, 70% of women screened twice by age 35, and then by age 45, and 90% of women with cervical dysplasia should receive treatment1. Increasing screening can allow women to know if they are at risk for cervical cancer but some issues revolve around the next steps of what exactly can be done with the results that are received. The overall goal of increasing cervical cancer screening can be achieved by respecting women’s privacy through self-sampling to encourage screening participation in under-screened rural populations. With a holistic approach to preventing, screening, and treatment for cervical cancer, there is a high likelihood that it can be eliminated as a global public health issue within this generation
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