1,553 research outputs found
Is small-bowel bacterial overgrowth an underdiagnosed disorder in children with gastrointestinal symptoms?
No full textSmall-bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) has been implicated in chronic abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome in children. This was a retrospective study that aimed to assess the occurrence of SBBO by the lactulose breath hydrogen test in children referred primarily for investigation of carbohydrate malabsorption (n = 287). There were profiles indicative of SBBO in 16% (39/250) of hydrogen-producing children. This indicated that SBBO may be more common in children with gastrointestinal symptoms and apparent carbohydrate malabsorption than previously recognised.Hilary F Jones, Geoffrey P Davidson, Doug A Brooks, Ross N Butle
The safety and effectiveness of different methods of ear wax removal: a systematic review and economic evaluation
No full textEar wax (cerumen) is a natural secretion produced to protect the inner ear from dirt and other fragments by moving these particles towards the outer ear. If this process does not happen properly, wax may build up causing blockage in the ear canal and the possibility of impaction. People with a build up of ear wax may suffer from hearing loss, discomfort and, on occasions, infection. It may present problems in assessing hearing, blocking the view of the ear drum during medical examination and interfering with the fitting or function of hearing aids. Although it is thought to affect between 2% and 6% of the population in the England and Wales, some groups may be at a higher risk, such as those using hearing aids or with small ear canals and/or skin conditions. Recurrence is thought to be high among some of these groups. The consequences of the build up of ear wax in the ear canal are thought to be a common reason for consultation and cost in general practice with over 2 million consultations per year in the NHS.Methods of removal of ear wax include drops, flushing with water in general practice, and removal with suction or probes in specialist clinics. The relative safety and benefits of these different methods of removal remains uncertain. This research will systematically review published and unpublished evidence on the clinical and cost effectiveness of different methods for the removal of ear wax. Where appropriate, it will develop an economic model using data from this systematic review and other relevant sources to estimate the relative costs and benefits of different methods. In addition, the project will provide recommendations for future research to try to help answer any remaining areas of uncertainty
Gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants: How acid should it be? Author's response to letter
No full textOmari, Taher I.; Haslam, Ross R.; Lundborg, Per and Davidson, Geoffrey P
Data for the figures in "Actomyosin, vimentin and LINC complex pull on osteosarcoma nuclei to deform on micropillar topography"
No full textData used to create the figures in the manuscript submitted for review entitled "Actomyosin, vimentin and LINC complex pull on osteosarcoma nuclei to deform on micropillar topography".Author list: Nayana Tusamda Wakhloo1, Sebastian Anders2, Florent Badique1, Melanie Eichhorn2, Isabelle Brigaud1, Tatiana Petithory1, Maxime Vassaux3, Jean-Louis Milan3, Jean-Noël Freund4, Jürgen Rühe2, Patricia M. Davidson1,5*, Laurent Pieuchot1*, Karine Anselme1*For correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]. Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M, UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France, 2. Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany 3. Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR7287, Marseille, France 4. INSERM UMR-U1113, Strasbourg, France 5. Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne Université, PSL, Paris Includes excel and Prism files used to generate the figures
Small volumes of feed can trigger transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and gastroesophageal reflux in the right lateral position in infants
No full textObjectiveTo investigate the threshold amount of constantly infused feed needed to trigger lower esophageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR) in the right lateral position (RLP) and left lateral position (LLP).Study designEight healthy infants (3 male; gestational age: 32.9 +/- 2.4 weeks; corrected age: 36.1 +/- 1.3 weeks) were studied using an esophageal impedance-manometry catheter incorporating an intragastric infusion port. After tube placement, infants were randomly positioned in RLP or LLP. They were then tube-fed their normal feed (62.5 [40 to 75] mL) at an infusion rate of 160 mL/h. Recordings were made during the feed and 15 minutes thereafter. The study was repeated with the infant in the opposite position.ResultsMore TLESRs were triggered in the RLP compared with LLP (4.0 [3.0 to 6.0] vs 2.5 [1.0 to 3.0], P = .027). First TLESR occurred at a significantly lower infused volume in RLP compared with LLP (10.6 +/- 9.4 vs 21.0 +/- 4.9 mL, P = .006). The percentage of feed infused at time of first TLESR was significantly lower in RLP compared with LLP (17.6% +/- 15.5% vs 35.4% +/- 8.02%, P = .005).ConclusionsIn the RLP, TLESRs and gastroesophageal reflux are triggered at volumes unlikely to induce gastric distension.Michiel P. van Wijk, Marc A. Benninga, Geoffrey P. Davidson, Ross Haslam, and Taher I. Omar
Development of lower oesophageal sphincter and oesophag eal body function in preterm infant
No full textA/Pr Geoffrey P Davidson$AUD 131,380.93NHMRC Project GrantsStandard Project Gran
A Novel Bocavirus Associated with Acute Gastroenteritis in Australian Children
No full textAcute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common illness affecting all age groups worldwide, causing an estimated three million deaths annually. Viruses such as rotavirus, adenovirus, and caliciviruses are a major cause of AGE, but in many patients a causal agent cannot be found despite extensive diagnostic testing. Proposing that novel viruses are the reason for this diagnostic gap, we used molecular screening to investigate a cluster of undiagnosed cases that were part of a larger case control study into the etiology of pediatric AGE. Degenerate oligonucleotide primed (DOP) PCR was used to non-specifically amplify viral DNA from fecal specimens. The amplified DNA was then cloned and sequenced for analysis. A novel virus was detected. Elucidation and analysis of the genome indicates it is a member of the Bocavirus genus of the Parvovirinae, 23% variant at the nucleotide level from its closest formally recognized relative, the Human Bocavirus (HBoV), and similar to the very recently proposed second species of Bocavirus (HBoV2). Fecal samples collected from case control pairs during 2001 for the AGE study were tested with a bocavirus-specific PCR, and HBoV2 (sequence confirmed) was detected in 32 of 186 cases with AGE (prevalence 17.2%) compared with only 15 controls (8.1%). In this same group of children, HBoV2 prevalence was exceeded only by rotavirus (39.2%) and astrovirus (21.5%) and was more prevalent than norovirus genogroup 2 (13.4%) and adenovirus (4.8%). In a univariate analysis of the matched pairs (McNemar's Test), the odds ratio for the association of AGE with HBoV2 infection was 2.6 (95% confidence interval 1.2–5.7); P = 0.007. During the course of this screening, a second novel bocavirus was detected which we have designated HBoV species 3 (HBoV3). The prevalence of HBoV3 was low (2.7%), and it was not associated with AGE. HBoV2 and HBoV3 are newly discovered bocaviruses, of which HBoV2 is the thirdmost-prevalent virus, after rotavirus and astrovirus, associated with pediatric AGE in this study.Jane L. Arthur, Geoffrey D. Higgins, Geoffrey P. Davidson, Rodney C. Givney and Rodney M. Ratclif
A non-invasive method for detection of intestinal mucositis induced by different classes of chemotherapy drugs in the rat
No full textBackground: The Sucrose Breath Test (SBT) is a simple non-invasive technique for the detection of small intestinal mucositis. Aim: We utilised rat models of intestinal mucositis induced by different classes of chemotherapeutic agents to broaden application of the SBT. Methods: Mucositis was induced in rats by injection of Doxorubicin (Dox), Etoposide (Etop), Irinotecan (Irin), or Cyclophosphamide (Cy) and Etop in combination (Cy+Etop). The SBT was carried out following sucrose gavage, 72h after chemotherapy. At kill, intestinal tissues were collected for mucositis assessments. Results: SBT for controls was 16.0 ± 0.6% (mean ± SEM) cumulative dose at 90 min. Irin, Doxo, Etop, and Cy+Etop significantly decreased the SBT to 53%, 43%, 32% and 30% of saline control values, respectively (p< 0.01) whilst sucrase activity was correspondingly decreased to 60%, 36%, 14% and 2%. There was good concordance with histological mucositis severity in the jejunum, with median scores of 11, 19, 28 and 27. Correlations between SBT, sucrase activity, and histological severity score yielded r2 values of 0.82. Conclusions: The SBT detected mucositis induced by the alkylating agent, anthracycline and DNA-topoisomerase inhibitor classes, facilitating the detection of small intestinal dysfunction, providing a further means to screen newly-developed drugs for intestinal side-effects.Gordon S. Howarth, Katie L Tooley, Geoffrey P. Davidson and Ross N. Butle
Addition of pH-impedance monitoring to standard pH monitoring increases the yield of symptom association analysis in infants and children with gastroesophageal reflux
No full textObjectiveTo assess the additional yield of combined multichannel intraluminal pH-impedance (pH-MII) monitoring compared with standard pH monitoring on gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptom associations in infants and children.Study designIn 80 patients, 24-hour ambulatory pH-MII monitoring was performed. Tracings were analyzed with established pH-MII criteria. Symptoms of regurgitation and belching were excluded from analysis, because these were considered to be a direct consequence of GER. Standard GER-symptom correlation indices were calculated with: 1) standard pH monitoring; 2) MII detection of liquid and mixed bolus GER; 3) MII detection of all bolus GER (liquid, mixed, and gas); 4) pH-MII detection of all GER, including pH-only GER.ResultsFifty patients (21 children) were included. MII detection of all bolus GER yielded a significantly greater number of patients who were symptom-positive, 36 (72%) compared with 25 (50%) with standard pH-monitoring (P = .04). A positive symptom association was observed in 8 of 10 (80%) patients with pathological esophageal acid exposure and 28 of 40 (70%) patients with negative pH-findings.ConclusionsA high proportion of patients with normal esophageal acid exposure had a positive symptom association on pH-MII monitoring. Including all MII-detected bolus GER and excluding pH-only GER for analysis optimizes the yield of GER-symptom associations in infants and children.Clara M. Loots, Marc A. Benninga, Geoffrey P. Davidson and Taher I. Omar
- …
