86 research outputs found
Predictors of Post-Caesarean Surgical Site Infections at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital, Central Uganda: Prospective Cohort Study (July–September 2023)
No full textSamuel Omara,1 Musa Kasujja,1 Geoffrey Okot,1 Peter Okello,1 Maxwell Okello,1 Richard Mulumba,1 Justus Kafunjo Barageine2 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda; 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Makerere University/Mulago Hospital, Kampala, UgandaCorrespondence: Samuel Omara, Email [email protected]: Post-caesarean surgical site infections (PCSSIs) significantly impact maternal morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where preventive measures are often inadequate. Despite this burden, data on PCSSIs in this context are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and factors associated with PCSSIs at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital.Methods: This prospective cohort study included 204 women who underwent caesarean sections from July to September 2023. Data was collected and participants were monitored for up to 28 days post-delivery to identify occurrences of surgical site infections (SSIs). Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA, with significance defined as a p-value of < 0.05.Results: Most participants (63.2%) were aged 18– 35 years, with over 67% having a parity of ≤ 4. Preoperative antibiotics were administered to 77.5% of participants. Most surgeries (64.2%) lasted 1– 2 hours, and the overall incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) was 16.18%. Significant risk factors associated with more than a twofold increase in SSI risk included unstable referral status (aRR = 2.02), obstructed labor (aRR = 2.97), chorioamnionitis (aRR = 2.73), and prolonged premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (aRR = 2.05). Prolonged labor increased SSI risk by 1.37-fold (aRR = 1.37), while receipt of preoperative antibiotics was linked to a reduced SSI risk (aRR = 0.77).Conclusion: The post-caesarean SSI rate at Mubende Regional Referral Hospital is notably high, with key risk factors including unstable referral status, obstructed labor, prolonged labor, chorioamnionitis, and prolonged premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Administering preoperative antibiotics 30 minutes to 1 hour prior to surgery is linked to a reduced risk of SSI.Keywords: caesarean section, surgical site infection, Ugand
An investigation into combined amorphous form of sufadoxine, pyrimethamine and azithromycin
No full textMagister Pharmaceuticae - MPharmMalaria remains one of the top mortality causes in the sub-Saharan African region, especially
among pregnant women and infants. Despite several measures being implemented within the
affected areas such as the use of treated mosquito nets, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (SULPYR)
as an intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp-SP) is still considered the standard
prophylactic regimen for pregnant women. Recently, the WHO increased the regimen of IPTp-
SP from three to four doses on a monthly interval, this recommendation poses a potential risk
of toxicity and resistance to the drugs. An improvement towards this challenge is under clinical
trial and consists of the inclusion of azithromycin (AZI), a macrolide antibiotic, to the current
IPTp-SP treatment regimen. This will not only aid in the prophylaxis of malaria in pregnant
women but will also assist in other pregnancy related infections. All three these drugs exhibit
poor aqueous solubility; requiring high concentrations for oral administration to achieve
therapeutic plasma concentrations.202
An investigation into combined amorphous form of sufadoxine, pyrimethamine and azithromycin
No full textMagister Pharmaceuticae - MPharmMalaria remains one of the top mortality causes in the sub-Saharan African region, especially
among pregnant women and infants. Despite several measures being implemented within the
affected areas such as the use of treated mosquito nets, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine (SULPYR)
as an intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp-SP) is still considered the standard
prophylactic regimen for pregnant women. Recently, the WHO increased the regimen of IPTp-
SP from three to four doses on a monthly interval, this recommendation poses a potential risk
of toxicity and resistance to the drugs. An improvement towards this challenge is under clinical
trial and consists of the inclusion of azithromycin (AZI), a macrolide antibiotic, to the current
IPTp-SP treatment regimen. This will not only aid in the prophylaxis of malaria in pregnant
women but will also assist in other pregnancy related infections. All three these drugs exhibit
poor aqueous solubility; requiring high concentrations for oral administration to achieve
therapeutic plasma concentrations.202
Improved hydrological understanding of a semi-arid subtropical transboundary basin using multiple techniques – the Incomati River Basin
No full textThis study aims at improving the hydrological process understanding of the semi-arid and transboundary Incomati river basin to enable better water management. Comprehensive statistical and trend analysis of rainfall and streamflow were conducted, and the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration tool was deployed to describe the streamflow regime and trends over time. Land use and land cover change, particularly the conversion of natural vegetation into forest plantation, the expansion of irrigated agriculture and the flow regulation due to dam operation were identified as critical drivers of flow regime alteration. Hydrograph separation using long-term hydrochemical data at seasonal scale, and hydrochemical and isotope data at event scale were performed to quantify runoff components. A novel methodology to calibrate recursive digital filters using routinely collected water quality data was developed and tested in the catchment. This method allows for estimation of daily baseflow from readily available daily streamflow data. Dominant runoff generation zones were mapped using the Height Above Nearest Drainage approach. The hydrological model STREAM was then employed, informed by the runoff generation zones mapping and the process understanding gained in the catchment, as well as remote sensing data. The study provides the basis for better operational water management in the catchment.Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Board for Doctorates of Delft University of Technology and of the Academic Board of the UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education.Water Resource
Transforming Higher Education for Community Development
No full textThis volume explores educational transformation as a tool for community development in northern Uganda, with an emphasis on student-centred, hybrid and problem-based learning. It addresses key questions about existing education systems, the need for transformation, desired outcomes and foreseeable challenges. The introductory chapter contextualises the reforms within Uganda's colonial history, while subsequent chapters analyse institutional practices, curriculum design, quality of education and innovation in teaching and learning. The book argues for new participatory learning infrastructures, real-world problems and curricular entrepreneurship to enhance graduates' employability and position them as active contributors to community development. The book is the result of a long-term partnership between universities. Contributors are: Rozalba Aciro, Agatha Alidri, Helen Christine Waiswa Amongin, Adebua Asaf, Judith Awacorach, Jerry Bagaya, Peter Kakubeire Baguma, Abola Benard, Ann Bygholm, Helene Balslev Clausen, Lone Dirckinck-Holmfeld, Betty Akullu Ezati, Cornelia Thea Seger Jakobsen, Iben Jensen, Annebeth Colic Landsvig, Inger Lassen, Stephen Odama, Denis Ofoyuru, Collins Okello, Charles Nelson Okumu, John Bismarck Okumu, David Ross Olanya, David Onen, Joseph Oonyu, George Ladaah Openjuru, George Orangi, Palle Rasmussen, Arne Remmen, Frida Skovgaard Sørensen, Geoffery Olok Tabo, Wycliffe Scot Wafula and Hanan Lassen Zakaria
Transforming Higher Education for Community Development
No full textThis volume explores educational transformation as a tool for community development in northern Uganda, with an emphasis on student-centred, hybrid and problem-based learning. It addresses key questions about existing education systems, the need for transformation, desired outcomes and foreseeable challenges. The introductory chapter contextualises the reforms within Uganda's colonial history, while subsequent chapters analyse institutional practices, curriculum design, quality of education and innovation in teaching and learning. The book argues for new participatory learning infrastructures, real-world problems and curricular entrepreneurship to enhance graduates' employability and position them as active contributors to community development. The book is the result of a long-term partnership between universities. Contributors are: Rozalba Aciro, Agatha Alidri, Helen Christine Waiswa Amongin, Adebua Asaf, Judith Awacorach, Jerry Bagaya, Peter Kakubeire Baguma, Abola Benard, Ann Bygholm, Helene Balslev Clausen, Lone Dirckinck-Holmfeld, Betty Akullu Ezati, Cornelia Thea Seger Jakobsen, Iben Jensen, Annebeth Colic Landsvig, Inger Lassen, Stephen Odama, Denis Ofoyuru, Collins Okello, Charles Nelson Okumu, John Bismarck Okumu, David Ross Olanya, David Onen, Joseph Oonyu, George Ladaah Openjuru, George Orangi, Palle Rasmussen, Arne Remmen, Frida Skovgaard Sørensen, Geoffery Olok Tabo, Wycliffe Scot Wafula and Hanan Lassen Zakaria
Multinationals or cooperatives: does it matter to farmers? A case study of the Indian dairy sector.
No full textProduction of high quality soybean oil and meal: Studies on extraction methods, processing steps, deep-fat frying and optimization of extrusion aided screw pressing
No full textThe objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of extraction methods, processing steps, frying time and optimization of extrusion aided screw pressing on the quality of soybean oil and meal. The Crude soybean oil was obtained by commercial hexane solvent extraction (SE), or extrusion aided screw pressing (EASP) or by low temperature screw pressing (SP) methods. Five gallons of each of degummed, refined, bleached, non-deodorized hydrogenated and deodorized hydrogenated oils were prepared and characterized. The five processed oils were tested for stability against frying times. Optimization of extrusion aided screw press processing variables were performed by the application of Response Surface Methods using Design-Expert software package. The crude soybean oil produced by EASP and SP did not show any significant differences in physical and chemical characteristics compared to the crude oil extracted by SE method. All processing steps did not exert the same effect on all quality parameters, but reduced or increased other parameters. The stability of degummed, refined, bleached, and hydrogenated oils did not only depend on the frying time, but also on the nature of processing. Degummed oil was shown to be more stable than refined or bleached oils but less stable than hydrogenated oils. Two prediction models were produced and a combination of 135 2\sp\circC temperature, 8.35 1.5% moisture and 10-p-10-8-8 steam lock were found to give the optimum oil yield of 78 2% of commercial grade, and good quality meal with PDI of 24%, 45% protein and a TI value as low as 2%.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Bone-Deep Engagement: Black Methodological Intonations and Ethical Response-Making to Black Living
No full textWhat constitutes an ethical analytical response to Black living? This manuscript thinks with theories of Blackness to explicate how the question of the human, specifically, what it means to be human, interrupts traditional methodological discourse, and requires a critical form of labor to account for the breadth and depth of Black liveliness and living. Diverging from traditional distance-oriented research practices, the author puts forth “Black methodological intonations” as methodological praxes. Unlike conventional methods that prioritize detachment, this manuscript advocates for a transformative attunement that actively engages with and alongside Black liveliness. Grounded in the embodied and relational concept of hapticity, the manuscript outlines the theoretical framework of Black methodological intonations, emphasizing the necessity of transcending mere spectatorship in research on Black life. In conversation with Arthur Jafa’s film, “Love is the Message, the Message is Death” (2016), the manuscript employs haptic reflexivity to consider profound listening, viewing, and feeling experiences in connection with the Black quotidian. Jafa’s film serves as a compelling example of reshaping the white gaze’s racialized power dynamics. The analysis of the film through the lens of hapticity yields valuable insights, culminating in essential considerations for Black methodological intonations as methodological response-making. Key themes include attunement, impressions, slowness, and emanation, contributing to a nuanced understanding of methodological practices that engage with the precarity of Black liveliness and living
Int J Infect Dis
No full textBackgroundPlague is a virulent zoonosis reported most commonly from sub-Saharan Africa. Early treatment with antibiotics is important to prevent mortality. Understanding knowledge gaps and common behaviors informs development of educational efforts to reduce plague mortality.MethodsWe conducted a multi-stage cluster-sampled survey of 420 households in the plague-endemic West Nile region of Uganda to assess knowledge of symptoms and causes of plague and healthcare-seeking practices.ResultsMost (84%) respondents were able to correctly describe plague symptoms; approximately 75% linked plague with fleas and dead rats. Most respondents indicated they would seek health care at a clinic for possible plague, however plague-like symptoms were reportedly common and in practice, persons sought care for those symptoms at a health clinic infrequently.ConclusionsPersons in the plague-endemic region of Uganda have a high level of understanding of plague, yet topics for targeted educational messages are apparent.20172020-05-01T00:00:00ZCC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States28935246PMC71948751152
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