674 research outputs found
GEN? lexical: n
No full textpe:location,...] from AH entry 1 spans subs [[id:l ocation1,type:location,...] ] ***Accessibility information: location1:[ifocus:dgifocus,owner:caller,reuse:[ri( 1,eq)]]. city1:[ifocus:dgifocus,owner:caller,reuse:]. GEN? *****Surface tree generated GEN? GEN? GEN? h : h : a : morform : you GEN? lexical : n GEN? phrasal : op GEN? pfocus : semid : individual1 GEN? h : morform : want GEN? lexical : v GEN? phrasal : ss GEN? pfocus : semid : want1 GEN? a : morform : to GEN? lexical : fw GEN? a : h : h : h : h : morform : travel GEN? lexical : v GEN? pfocus : semid : go1 GEN? a : h : morform : from GEN? lexical : pr GEN? phrasal : pp GEN? pfocus : ifocus : dgifocus GEN? a : h : h : morform : london GEN? lexical : n GEN? pfocus : ifocus : dgifocus GEN? semid : location2 GEN? a : morform : heathrow GEN? lexical : n GEN? phrasal : np GEN? pfocus : scope : phrasal GEN? ifocus : dgifocus GEN? semid : airport1 GEN? ****Partial ordering: GEN? [go1-want1,want1-individual1,airport1-go1,location2-go1
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Identifying idiolect in forensic authorship attribution: an n-gram textbite approach
No full textForensic authorship attribution is concerned with identifying authors of disputed or anonymous documents, which are potentially evidential in legal cases, through the analysis of linguistic clues left behind by writers. The forensic linguist “approaches this problem of questioned authorship from the theoretical position that every native speaker has their own distinct and individual version of the language [. . . ], their own idiolect” (Coulthard, 2004: 31). However, given the diXculty in empirically substantiating a theory of idiolect, there is growing concern in the Veld that it remains too abstract to be of practical use (Kredens, 2002; Grant, 2010; Turell, 2010). Stylistic, corpus, and computational approaches to text, however, are able to identify repeated collocational patterns, or n-grams, two to six word chunks of language, similar to the popular notion of soundbites: small segments of no more than a few seconds of speech that journalists are able to recognise as having news value and which characterise the important moments of talk. The soundbite oUers an intriguing parallel for authorship attribution studies, with the following question arising: looking at any set of texts by any author, is it possible to identify ‘n-gram textbites’, small textual segments that characterise that author’s writing, providing DNA-like chunks of identifying material
Do syllables play a role in German speech perception? Behavioral and electrophysiological data from primed lexical decision.
No full textCopyright © 2015 Bien, Bölte and Zwitserlood. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The
use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original
author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or
reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.We investigated the role of the syllable during speech processing in German, in an auditory-auditory fragment priming study with lexical decision and simultaneous EEG registration. Spoken fragment primes either shared segments (related) with the spoken targets or not (unrelated), and this segmental overlap either corresponded to the first syllable of the target (e.g., /teis/ - /teisti/), or not (e.g., /teis/ - /teistləs/). Similar prime conditions applied for word and pseudoword targets. Lexical decision latencies revealed facilitation due to related fragments that corresponded to the first syllable of the target (/teis/ - /teisti/). Despite segmental overlap, there were no positive effects for related fragments that mismatched the first syllable. No facilitation was observed for pseudowords. The EEG analyses showed a consistent effect of relatedness, independent of syllabic match, from 200 to 500 ms, including the P350 and N400 windows. Moreover, this held for words and pseudowords that differed however in the N400 window. The only specific effect of syllabic match for related prime-target pairs was observed in the time window from 200 to 300 ms. We discuss the nature and potential origin of these effects, and their relevance for speech processing and lexical access
Phonographic neighbors, not orthographic neighbors, determine word naming latencies
No full textThe orthographic neighborhood size (N) of a word—the number of words that can be formed from that word by replacing one letter with another in its place—has been found to have facilitatory effects in word naming. The orthographic neighborhood hypothesis attributes this facilitation to interactive effects. A phonographic neighborhood hypothesis, in contrast, attributes the effect to lexical print-sound conversion. According to the phonographic neighborhood hypothesis, phonographic neighbors (words differing in one letter and one phoneme, e.g., stove and stone) should facilitate naming, and other orthographic neighbors (e.g., stove and shove) should not. The predictions of these two hypotheses are tested. Unique facilitatory phonographic N effects were found in four sets of word naming mega-study data, along with an absence of facilitatory orthographic N effects. These results implicate print-sound conversion—based on consistent phonology—in neighborhood effects rather than word-letter feedback
Are language production problems apparent in adults who no longer meet diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
No full textIn this study, we examined sentence production in a sample of adults (N = 21) who had had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as children, but as adults no longer met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA, 2000). This “remitted” group was assessed on a sentence production task. On each trial, participants saw two objects and a verb. Their task was to construct a sentence using the objects as arguments of the verb. Results showed more ungrammatical and disfluent utterances with one particular type of verb (i.e., participle). In a second set of analyses, we compared the remitted group to both control participants and a “persistent” group, who had ADHD as children and as adults. Results showed that remitters were more likely to produce ungrammatical utterances and to make repair disfluencies compared to controls, and they patterned more similarly to ADHD participants. Conclusions focus on language output in remitted ADHD, and the role of executive functions in language production
Lexical expressive means in popular science literature (based on the book by N. Reznikova "Living Psychology: Simple Steps Towards Yourself")
No full textThe bachelor's thesis examines the lexical means of expression used in popular science literature on psychology to attract and hold the reader's attention (using the book by N. Reznikova "Living Psychology: Simple Steps Towards Yourself" as an example). The author analyzes a wide range of lexical means of expression that help make a scientific text accessible and interesting to a wide audience. The work identifies the features of using lexical means of expression to enhance the emotional involvement of the reader and create the effect of a "live" narration. Lexical means of expression help the author establish a close connection with the audience, facilitating the understanding of complex psychological concepts and encouraging self-reflection
Deconstructing comprehensibility: identifying the linguistic influences on listeners' L2 comprehensibility ratings
No full textComprehensibility, a major concept in second language (L2) pronunciation research that denotes listeners’ perceptions of how easily they understand L2 speech, is central to interlocutors’ communicative success in real-world contexts. Although comprehensibility has been modeled in several L2 oral proficiency scales—for example, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the International English Language Testing System (IELTS)—shortcomings of existing scales (e.g., vague descriptors) reflect limited empirical evidence as to which linguistic aspects influence listeners’ judgments of L2 comprehensibility at different ability levels. To address this gap, a mixed-methods approach was used in the present study to gain a deeper understanding of the linguistic aspects underlying listeners’ L2 comprehensibility ratings. First, speech samples of 40 native French learners of English were analyzed using 19 quantitative speech measures, including segmental, suprasegmental, fluency, lexical, grammatical, and discourse-level variables. These measures were then correlated with 60 native English listeners’ scalar judgments of the speakers’ comprehensibility. Next, three English as a second language (ESL) teachers provided introspective reports on the linguistic aspects of speech that they attended to when judging L2 comprehensibility. Following data triangulation, five speech measures were identified that clearly distinguished between L2 learners at different comprehensibility levels. Lexical richness and fluency measures differentiated between low-level learners; grammatical and discourse-level measures differentiated between high-level learners; and word stress errors discriminated between learners of all levels
Chinese and English Infants’ Tone Perception: Evidence for Perceptual Reorganization.
No full textOver half the world’s population speaks a tone language, yet infant speech perception research has typically focused on consonants and vowels. Very young infants can discriminate a wide range of native and nonnative consonants and vowels, and then in a process of perceptual reorganization over the 1st year, discrimination of most nonnative speech sounds deteriorates. We investigated perceptual reorganization for tones by testing 6- and 9-month-old infants from tone (Chinese) and nontone (English) language environments for speech (lexical tone) and nonspeech (violin sound) tone discrimination in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Overall, Chinese infants performed equally well at 6 and 9 months for both speech and nonspeech tone discrimination. Conversely, English infants’ discrimination of lexical tone declined between 6 and 9 months of age, whereas their nonspeech tone discrimination remained constant. These results indicate that the reorganization of tone perception is a function of the native language environment, and that this reorganization is linguistically based
AUTHORED LEXICAL SYNTAGMATICS IN A SYSTEMATIC INTERPRETATION; [АВТОРСКАЯ ЛЕКСИЧЕСКАЯ СИНТАГМАТИКА В СИСТЕМНОМ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИИ]
No full textThe article considers a stylometric model of systematic interpretation of authored lexical syntagmatics (lexical compatibility) in the classical prose of the 19th century. The article compares the achievements of classical lexicology and modern corpus linguistics and suggest bigrams, i. e. pairs of words used in a common phraseological context, as units of lexical syntagmatics to study texts of great volume. Besides, the articles formulates the requirements for lexical bigrams involved in the lexical-statistical comparison of different individual styles. The article provides examples of original bigrams that recur in different works of the same author over many creative years (e.g., oblokotit’ golovu [to lean a head on elbows] in the novels by L. N. Tolstoy). The problem of cataloguing and systematic interpretation of such recurring stylistic “particulars”, which the author may use deliberately or unconsciously, and the reader may or may not notice in different texts, is posed. On the basis of 19th century classical prose (the works of L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoevsky, A. P. Chekhov, I. S. Turgenev and I. A. Goncharov), the authors perform a context lexico-statistical comparison of bigrams containing words frequently used by all authors (for example, chelovek/lyudi [person/people], golova [head], govorit’ [to speak], pervyy [first], vdrug [suddenly], dva [two], etc.) is studied. It is noted that each author can identify a different set of words appearing in the original contextual environment. The model of comparative analysis is examined in detail on the example of the contexts of words denoting a person: chelovek/lyudi [person/people], zhenshchina [woman] and rebenok/deti [child/children]. Such combinations as intelligentnyy chekovek [intelligent person], lenivyy chekovek [lazy person], imet’ uspekh u zhenshchin [to succeed with women], deti i vnuki [children and grandchildren] (A. P. Chekhov), nervicheskiy chelovek [nervous person] (I. S. Turgenev), poshchadit’ cheloveka [to spare a person] (F. M. Dostoevsky), kurchavyy chelovek [curly-haired person], nevysokaya zhenshchina [short woman], beremennaya zhenshchina [pregnant woman] (L. N. Tolstoy), zhenshchiny – sozdaniya (prekrasnye, nezhnye, slabye) [women are (beautiful, gentle, weak) creatures] (I. A. Goncharov) are small fragments of authored stylistic systems. The analysis reveals a striking difference between the syntagmatic characteristics of the works of different writers. Conclusions are made about a possible systematic presentation of the material in the form of an authored syntagmatic dictionary of the Russian prose of the 19th century. © 2021 Ural State Pedagogical University. All Rights Reserved.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИ? ckno wledgments: Research is accomplished with the ?焀ancial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the scienti ?ᬀ project No. 19-012-00104 “Formalization of individual lexical compatibility as a means of idiostyle description: ? corpus-based comparative study of the 19th century classical prose”
Ensemble-based Author Identification Using Character N-grams
No full textAbstract. This paper deals with the problem of identifying the most likely author of a text. Several thousands of character n-grams, rather than lexical or syntactic information, are used to represent the style of a text. Thus, the author identification task can be viewed as a single-label multiclass classification problem of high dimensional feature space and sparse data. In order to cope with such properties, we propose a suitable learning ensemble based on feature set subspacing. Performance results on two well-tested benchmark text corpora for author identification show that this classification scheme is quite effective, significantly improving the best reported results so far. Additionally, this approach is proved to be quite stable in comparison with support vector machines when using limited number of training texts, a condition usually met in this kind of problem.
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