30 research outputs found
Feasibility and efficacy of an online compassion‐focused imagery intervention for veterinarian self‐reassurance, self‐criticism and perfectionism
No full textBackground: veterinarians report high levels of psychological distress and self-criticism. However, there is minimal research investigating psychological interventions for veterinarians. Evidence suggests that compassion-focused therapy is effective at reducing distress in those with high self-criticism. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a 2-week online compassionate imagery intervention for veterinarians.Methods: a one-group repeated measures design was used with 128 veterinarians. Participants completed measures of perfectionism, self-criticism, self-reassurance and fears of compassion four times, at 2-week intervals (at baseline, pre-intervention, post-intervention and 2-week follow-up). Participants answered written questions about their intervention experience post-intervention.Results: content analysis of the qualitative data found the intervention to be acceptable and beneficial to participants. Overall, study attrition was 50.8%, which is reasonable for a low-cost intervention. Minimal differences were found between participants who dropped out compared to those who completed the intervention. Perfectionism, work-related rumination and self-criticism were significantly reduced post-intervention, and these effects were maintained at follow-up. Resilience and self-reassurance remained unchanged. Fears of compassion reduced over the baseline period and pre–post intervention, questioning the validity of the measure.Conclusion: overall, in the context COVID-19, the intervention showed impressive feasibility and preliminary effectiveness. Randomised control trials are recommended as the next step for research to establish the intervention's effectiveness
Effectiveness of self‐compassion‐related interventions for reducing self‐criticism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
No full textSelf-criticism is the process of negative self-evaluation. High levels are associated with psychopathology and poorer therapeutic outcomes. Self-compassion interventions were developed to explicitly target self-criticism. The aim of this review was to estimate the overall effect of self-compassion-related interventions on self-criticism outcomes and investigate potential moderating variables. A systematic search of the literature identified 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen papers, involving 1350 participants, had sufficient data to be included in the meta-analysis. Pre- and post-data points were extracted for the compassion and control groups. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool, which concluded that studies were of moderate quality. Meta-analysis findings indicated that self-compassion-related interventions produce a significant, medium reduction in self-criticism in comparison with control groups (Hedges' g = 0.51, 95% CI [0.33–0.69]). Moderator analysis found greater reductions in self-criticism when self-compassion-related interventions were longer and compared with passive controls rather than active. The remaining moderators of forms of self-criticism, sample type, intervention delivery, intervention setting and risk of bias ratings were insignificant. Overall, the review provides promising evidence of the effectiveness of self-compassion-related interventions for reducing self-criticism. However, results are limited by moderate quality studies with high heterogeneity. Directions for future research indicate that more RCTs with active controls, follow-ups, consistent use and reporting of measures and diverse samples are needed
Reconhecimento social e perman?ncia na EJA
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-26Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPESThis research proposes to analyze, from the viewpoint of the Axel Honneth?s Critical Social Theory, the permanency educated and attendee adolescents in the EJA. Objectively, this study intends to understand how the assumptions implied in the student development are applied in the establishment of the relations that make the recognition. In same way, to identify what types and manners the recognition is established in schools how youths and adults. Also, since the establishment of these forms of recognition contribute to the permanence of these students in school. The research is in the field of theoretical research and develops an analysis from experiences lived by the author. The relationships established at school points to three recognition spheres operating: the loving recognition, legal and community values. It can be inferred that the school is acting as recognition factor for students, even if unintentionally. In the Youth and Adult Education was observed that, on the one hand, some recognition relationships are established, on the other writs are.A pesquisa tem como proposta analisar, da perspectiva da teoria do reconhecimento social de Axel Honneth, a perman?ncia de adolescentes escolarizados e ass?duos na EJA. Pretendeu-se, atrav?s do estudo, compreender de que modo os pressupostos formativos implicados na forma??o desses alunos est?o envolvidos no estabelecimento das rela??es que propiciam o reconhecimento. Igualmente, identificar que tipos e as formas como o reconhecimento se estabelece na escola, com jovens e adultos. E tamb?m, como o estabelecimento dessas formas de reconhecimento contribuem para a perman?ncia desses alunos na escola. A investiga??o se situa no campo da pesquisa te?rica e desenvolve uma an?lise a partir de experi?ncias vivenciadas pela autora. Nas rela??es que se estabelecem na escola identificam-se tr?s esferas de reconhecimento operando: o reconhecimento o amoroso, o jur?dico e o da comunidade de valores. Pode-se inferir que a escola est? atuando como fator de reconhecimento para os alunos, mesmo que n?o intencionalmente. Na Educa??o de Jovens e Adultos, foi observado que, se por um lado, algumas rela??es de reconhecimento s?o estabelecidas, por outro s?o denegadas
Balanced Time Perspective as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Subjective Well-Being: A Cross Sectional Study.
No full textObjectives: Time perspective refers to a process that attempts to make sense of everyday experience by drawing on memories, present experiences and predicted future outcomes (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999). A time perspective that is more balanced and able to flexibly move between time orientations (i.e. past, present, future) is hypothesized to be more adaptive than one that is dominated by one time orientation. Previous research has found that both mindfulness and balanced time perspective are associated with greater subjective well-being. The present study examined whether balanced time perspective mediated the positive relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being (SWB). Method: A cross-sectional online questionnaire design was employed. Two hundred and seventy five participants completed measures of mindfulness (Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire short-version), time perspective (Zimbardo’s Time Perspective Inventory) and cognitive and emotional indicators of SWB (Satisfaction With Life Scale; Scale of Positive and Negative Experience). Results: Pearson’s correlation coefficients revealed that higher levels of mindfulness were significantly associated with greater SWB and balance in time perspective profiles. Greater balance in time perspective profiles was significantly associated with greater SWB. Balanced time perspective was found to be a mediator of the relationship between mindfulness and SWB. Evidence for an additional mediation pathway was found, and suggested that higher levels of mindfulness positively influences SWB, through decreasing levels of the time perspective dominated by a past-negative orientation. Conclusions: Although the cross-sectional design limits causality conclusions, these findings suggest that the development of mindfulness may positively influence SWB, through promoting balance in time perspective profiles or through decreasing the negative influence that a time perspective dominated by the past-negative orientation has on SWB. The clinical implications of these findings for SWB enhancing interventions are outlined
A Qualitative Exploration of UK Military Veterans’ Experience and Understanding of Morality and Wellbeing
No full textThe construct of Moral Injury has gained traction in the literature on military veteran distress, however there are limitations in the evidence base which are preventing advancements in research. First, research often fails to distinguish between two widely cited, yet distinct definitions of MI. The two models conceptualise perpetration-based experiences and betrayal-based experiences respectively, which have been shown to have different outcomes in the literature. Further, Moral Injury is a clinician developed construct and there is a lack of research seeking to explore the qualitative experiences of veterans. Finally, UK research has tended to conceptualise Moral Injury using a perpetration-based model and it is unclear to what extent a betrayal-based model is relevant to this population.This study aimed to explore UK military veterans understanding of morality, and the ways in which this was ‘injured’ in relation to their military experiences, through the use of semi structured interviews. During the initial stages of an inductive reflexive thematic analysis, it was identified that participants described experiences consistent with a model of betrayal-based Moral Injury and the paper therefore sought to provide an interpretation of participants experiences though this theoretical lens. The analysis constructed two subthemes: (1) ‘what’s’ right’: a military moral compass, and (2) betrayal of what’s right by leaders and systems.The findings of this research demonstrated the usefulness of a model of betrayal-based Moral Injury to explore the experiences of UK military veterans and thus poses important implications for future Moral Injury research and clinical practice. It is recommended that future research continues to delineate between perpetration and betrayal-based Moral Injury and that intervention research considers specific components of betrayal-based Moral Injury in their development and research
An Online Compassionate Imagery Intervention for Veterinarian Mental Health: A Feasibility Study
No full textAmongst veterinarian professions there is a high prevalence of psychological distress. However, limited studies have investigated the effectiveness of psychological interventions on veterinarian populations. Evidence suggests that Compassion-Focused interventions are effective at reducing psychological distress, particularly in those with high self-criticism. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a two-week online compassionate imagery intervention in a veterinarian sample. A one-group repeated measures design was used with a sample of 128 veterinarians (81% Female, 70.3% Qualified Veterinary Surgeons, 29.7% Students, Mean Age= 32). Participants completed measures of perfectionism, resilience, work-related rumination, self-criticism, self-reassurance and fears of compassion at a two-week baseline, pre-intervention, post-intervention and at a two-week follow-up. Participants qualitatively answered written questions about their intervention experience post-intervention. A reason for dropout questionnaire was sent to participants who disengaged. Content analysis of the qualitative data found the intervention to be acceptable and beneficial to participants. However, overall study attrition was 50.8%. The occurrence of personal demands and Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) were reported as explanations for attrition. Minimal differences were found between participants who dropped out compared to those who completed the study. Perfectionism, work-related rumination and self-criticism significantly reduced over the intervention duration and maintained effects at follow-up, indicating suitability of such measures and potential effectiveness. Unlike other variables, fears of compassion reduced over the baseline period and intervention duration, questioning the validity of the FCS measure. Resilience and self-reassurance remained unchanged. Overall, in context of the unprecedented eruption of COVID-19, the intervention showed impressive feasibility and preliminary effectiveness. However results are limited by a one-group design and the occurrence of the pandemic. Continued feasibility research to establish lower attrition rates is recommended before progression to randomised controlled trial research is considered
Blackout: a mixed methods analysis of the impact of an immersive art installation on stigmatising attitudes towards people experiencing bipolar disorder
No full textStigma has a negative impact on the lives of people living with mental health problems and can cause much shame, discourage access to support and treatment, and generally affect a person’s quality of life. It has been categorised into both public and self-stigma with various interventions into the potential of reducing stigma researched. Such interventions, programmes and campaigns are often based in methods of education or social contact. Stigma is particularly a problem for people with bipolar disorder, with the diagnosis often poorly understood by the public. More recently stigma reduction strategies have turned to the arts to create impactful, entertaining, and effective experiences, in a bid to help change public attitudes towards mental health problems and lessen mental health stigma.This study engages in the secondary analysis of data collected from an immersive art installation that was open to members of the public. The installation was a multi-sensory experience that aimed to demonstrate what it is like to live with bipolar II. Responses to questionnaires, incorporating the Mental Illness Stigma Scale, the Social Distance Scale, and an adapted version of the Mental Illness: Clinicians’ Attitudes Scale, were collected at the time of booking, immediately following the experience and at a later follow up date. The questionnaire also provided space for free text comments.This study describes the analysis of that data, with results showing statistically significant reductions in stigmatising attitudes on a number of dimensions. In contrast to previous research, statistical difference was noted at the follow up stage, suggesting that benefits extended beyond the timescale of the experience itself. Overall, it appears that the installation can be considered effective in reducing stigmatising attitudes, with notes for future areas of research indicated
Developing a ‘Compassionate Internal Supervisor’: A Feasibility Study of a Compassion Focused Programme for Trainee Clinical Psychologists
No full textObjectives: There is a lack of research considering how to support trainee clinical psychologists promoting their own well-being; a vital competency for effective and safe clinical practice. This research aimed to develop and determine the acceptability, feasibility and preliminary outcomes of trainee clinical psychologists engaging with a skills-based personal practice programme using concepts from Compassion Focused Therapy. This Compassion Focused Programme was focused around the development of a ‘Compassionate Internal Supervisor’ (Bell, Dixon & Kolts, 2017). Method: A mixed-methods design was adopted to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and outcomes of the Compassion Focused Programme (CFP) for a group of first-year trainee clinical psychologists (n=6) training at a UK university. Outcome measures were collected at pre-CFP, post-CFP and follow-up time points and analysed using reliable change calculations. Feedback forms were used to understand trainees’ perceptions of acceptability and feasibility. Findings: Good acceptability of the CFP for the trainees who took part was demonstrated. However, only a small proportion of the trainees invited to participate chose to, suggesting limitations to acceptability and feasibility. Helpful experiences and challenges of engaging with this CFP were identified. There was a general trend of improvement on measures of self-criticism/self-reassurance, self-compassion, well-being, stress, depression and difficulties in emotion regulation; some of which met criterion for reliable changes. Conclusions and implications: Self-compassion could be helpful and relevant for trainee clinical psychologists and the concept of developing a ‘compassionate internal supervisor’ seems to be useful in facilitating the application of self-compassion to challenges of clinical work. However, compassion can be challenging, and a Compassion Focused Programme seems to have some limitations in terms of acceptability and feasibility. Research implications for understanding how trainee clinical psychologists relate to the concept of self-compassion and ideas for supporting the development of self-compassion are discussed
Remote compassionate imagery intervention for mental contamination: a feasibility study.
No full textBackground: Mental Contamination (MC) is a phenomenon where the sufferer experiences a sense of internal dirtiness without the presence of a physical contaminant. MC is accompanied by anxiety and self-conscious emotions such shame and guilt. Internally generated events such as unacceptable intrusive thoughts can evoke MC. Interventions for MC are in their infancy and adhere to more traditional treatment models such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Compassion-based imagery interventions are evidenced to reduce shame and the closely related concept self-criticism.
Objective: The aim of the current study was to explore the feasibility of a two-week compassionate imagery intervention to reduce MC associated with intrusive thoughts in a non-clinical population.
Design: a one group mixed methods feasibility study design was employed. Participants (N=34) engaged in a two-week compassionate imagery course. Measures of MC associated with intrusive thoughts and other related variables were taken pre and post intervention. Qualitative data was collected from an open-ended participant experience questionnaire.
Results: the intervention was deemed acceptable and feasible due to reasonable uptake, adherence and attrition rates, as well as positive participant feedback. Significant reductions were seen for intrusive thought-related MC, general propensity to experience MC, beliefs about controlling intrusions, fear of compassion, and self-criticism. Additionally, self-reassurance significantly increased. Implications: a brief self-directed online compassionate imagery intervention is feasible and effective at reducing MC evoked by intrusive thoughts in a non-clinical population. Future research should employ a randomised control trial design to further explore the suitability and effectiveness of compassion-based imagery interventions for MC in clinical and non-clinical groups.</p
Multi-objective Bayesian optimisation of a two-step synthesis of p-cymene from crude sulphate turpentine
No full textProduction of functional molecules from renewable bio-feedstocks and bio-waste has the potential to significantly reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. However, the development of such processes commonly requires invention and scale-up of highly selective and robust chemistry for complex reaction networks in bio-waste mixtures. We demonstrate an approach to optimising a chemical route for multiple objectives starting from a mixture derived from bio-waste. We optimise the recently developed route from a mixture of waste terpenes to p-cymene. In the first reaction step it was not feasible to build a detailed kinetic model. A Bayesian multiple objectives optimisation algorithm TS-EMO was used to optimise the first two steps of reaction for maximum conversion and selectivity. The model suggests a set of very different conditions that result in simultaneous high values of the two outputs.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.ChemE/Product and Process Engineerin
