42,359 research outputs found
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors and small intestinal adaptation during experimental colitis
No full textR Yazbeck, GS Howarth, RN Butler, MS Geier and CA Abbot
Update on near infrared reflectance analysis of grains to estimate nutritional value for chickens
No full textJ. L. Black, R. J. Hughes, M. S. Geier, S. G. Nielsen, A. M. Tredrea and P. C Flinnhttp://trove.nla.gov.au/work/638232
Ausgewaehlte Probleme der Strukturmechanik. Sammlung der Vortraege des Kolloquiums am 11. Mai 1995 zu Ehren von Herrn Dr.-Ing. Bodo Geier. T. 1
No full textTo honor Dr. Geier, the Institute for Structural Mechanics organized a scientific colloquium on 11 May 1995, the topics of which are oriented both to the special scientific interests of Dr. Geier and to the future responsibilities of the institute. The present report contains summaries of the contributions to the colloquium documenting the contributions concerning quick design, design rules and standards for structural calculation; sandwiches, an analytical tidbit; calculation of the buckling load reduction as a result of stringer separation; experimental investigations into the buckling of imperfectly loaded CFRP shells; numerical analysis of future thermostable structures; and adaptive structure systems - state of the art and perspectives. (orig./RHM)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN 4165(1995,13) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman
Developmental neurotoxicants and the vulnerable male brain: a systematic review of suspected neurotoxicants that disproportionally affect males
No full textThe prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs), including autism spectrum disorder, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorder, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, and emotional disturbances, has increased notably in the past few decades. To date, debate continues as to the origins of NDs. Increases in widespread exposure to and bioaccumulation of chemical neurotoxicants have paralleled the upsurge in NDs, and are suggested to be causal agents for NDs. One consistent aspect of NDs is the male preponderance. This review considers the issue of male preponderance by reviewing the gender‐specific neurotoxic effects of recognized neurotoxicant chemicals to assess their possible etiology in NDs. This investigation consisted of a systematic literature review of original studies published from 1970-2016 on suspected neurotoxicants, to examine whether they have a disproportionate adverse effect based on gender. Based on that review, the neurotoxicants exhibiting consistent gender‐specific effects, with exposed males being more affected (than similarly exposed females), were: lead, Thimerosal/ethylmercury, some organochlorine pesticides (e.g., dieldrin, endosulfan, and heptachlor), and air pollution. The next group identified were neurotoxicants exhibiting gender‐specific neurotoxic effects, with males being somewhat (but not consistently) more affected than females: mercury vapor, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organophosphate pesticides. Finally, there was a group of studies in which the neurotoxicants exhibited apparent gender‐related neurotoxic effects but failed to show whether exposed males were consistently more affected than females: inorganic mercury salts, methylmercury species, and certain endocrine disruptors (e.g., phthalates and BPA). The overall conclusion from the studies reviewed was that the brain in males is more vulnerable to many toxic exposures than it is in females. Evidence suggests that the reasons for the male brain being more vulnerable include: (1) greater glutathione availability in females; (2) greater sulfate‐based detoxification capacity in females; (3) potentiating effects of co‐exposure to neurotoxicants and testosterone; (4) greater neuroinflammatory response in males; (5) reduced vulnerability to oxidative stress in females; and (6) neuroprotective effects of female hormones (estrogen and progesterone), especially in the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of Caenorhabditis elegans homogenates and identification of protein spots by microsequencing
No full textTwo-dimensional gel electrophoresis of Caenorhabditis elegans homogenates and identification of protein spots by microsequencing
No full textEmploying isoelectric focusing on immobilized pH gradients followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) we have obtained a map of C. elegans proteins, from a mixed culture containing all developmental stages, presenting over 2000 spots within the window of isoelectric points (pI) 3.5-9 and a molecular mass of 10-200 kDa. Edman microsequencing yielded successful results in 12 out of 24 analyzed spots. All but one of the N-terminal sequences retrieved C. elegans sequences in cosmid and/or expressed sequence tag clones. Structurally related protein sequences found in data banks included enzymes in energy metabolism (cytochrome oxydase, ATP synthase, enolase), a fatty acid-binding protein, a translationally controlled tumor protein, an unknown C. elegans protein, an acidic ribosomal protein, a titin-like protein, a G-protein beta chain, cyclophilin, and cathepsin D. Experimental determination of N-termini allowed us to define sites of signal cleavage providing further information on the physiological role of the newly found C. elegans proteins. This report demonstrates the possibility of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Edman microsequencing in the elucidation of C. elegans proteome
The dialogue between the author and the hero in the “Notes” of G. R. Derzhavin
No full textВ центре внимания автора статьи «Записки» Г. Р. Державина, представляющие по своей сути его автобиографию. Труд этот был создан на закате жизни, он включает все важнейшие события жизни Г. Р. Державина, поэта и государственного деятеля. Рассказ ведется от третьего лица, что придает особую атмосферу повествованию, выстраивается своеобразный диалог между автором и героем, все это и является предметом исследования автора статьи.The focus of the author of the article “Notes” G. R. Derzhavin, representing in essence his autobiography. This work was created at the end of his life; it includes all the most important events in the life of G. R. Derzhavin, poet and statesman. The story is told in a third person, which gives a special atmosphere to the story, a certain dialogue emerges between the author and the hero, all this is the subject of the author's research
Quantitative analyses of genes associated with Mucin production and host inflammatory response of broiler chickens with induced necrotic enteritis
No full textClostridial infection of the intestines of chickens results in necrotic enteritis (NE) and reduced production and health. Mucins play a major role in protecting the intestinal epithelium from infection. The relative roles of different mucins in gut pathology following bacterial challenge are unclear. This study was designed to establish a molecular approach to quantifying the expression of mucin and mucin-related genes, using gut samples from an NE challenge trial. A method for quantifying mucin gene expression was established using a suite of reference genes to normalise expression data. This method was then used to quantify the expression of 12 candidate genes involved in mucin, inflammatory cytokine or growth factor biosynthesis. MUC2, MUC13 and MUC5ac were the only genes that were differentially expressed in the intestine between treatment groups. Expression of MUC2 and MUC13 was depressed by challenge with Clostridium perfringens (Cp). Antibiotic treatment prevented a Cp induced decrease in MUC2 expression but did not affect MUC13. MUC5ac expression was elevated in birds challenged with Cp. This preliminary study has paved the way for more extensive studies into changes in mucin dynamics during NE challenge.R. E. A. Forder, G. S. Nattrass, M. S. Geier, R. J. Hughes and P. I. Hyn
The effects of lactoferrin on broiler performance gut microbial communities and intestinal mucosal immune system
No full textM.S. Geier, V.A. Torok, M. Boulianne, G.E. Allison, V. Janardhana, P. Guo, A.G.D Bean, R.J. Hughe
Lactobacillus fermentum BR11, a potential new probiotic, alleviates symptoms of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in rats
No full textCurrent treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are relatively ineffective. Recently, probiotics have emerged as a potential treatment modality for numerous gastrointestinal disorders, including IBD. Few probiotics, however, have undergone appropriate preclinical screening in vivo. The current study compared the effects of four candidate probiotics on development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged 1 mL of the potential probiotic (1 × 1010 CFU/mL), or vehicle, twice daily for 14 days. Strains tested were Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), Streptococcus thermophilus TH-4 (TH-4), Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 (Bb12) and Lactobacillus fermentum BR11 (BR11). Colitis was induced from day 7 to 14 via administration of 2% DSS in drinking water. Disease activity index (DAI) was monitored daily until rats were killed at day 14. DAI decreased in DSS + Bb12 and DSS + BR11 compared to DSS + Vehicle. Colon length increased in DSS + BR11 (10%) and DSS + LGG (10%) compared to DSS + Vehicle. DSS + Bb12 and DSS + BR11 prevented the distal colon crypt hyperplasia evident in DSS + Vehicle, DSS + LGG and DSS + TH-4. BR11 was most effective at reducing colitic symptoms. Bb12 had minimal effects, whilst TH-4 did not prevent DSS-colitis and LGG actually exacerbated some indicators of colitis. Further studies into the potential benefits of L. fermentum BR11 are indicated.Mark S. Geier, Ross N. Butler, Philip M. Giffard and Gordon S. Howart
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