149 research outputs found
Sertularella anguina Vervoort 1993
No full textSertularella cf. anguina Vervoort, 1993 Fig. 9A; Table 5 Sertularella anguina Vervoort, 1993: 198, figs 40b–d, 41a–b. Material examined NORFOLK 1: Stn. DW1722, a sterile, unbranched stem, 3 cm high (MNHN-IK-2012-16579). Remarks This lightly fascicled stem (only basally), divided into moderately long, slender, geniculate internodes, each carrying distally an exceedingly long, slender hydrotheca with tapering walls and five internal, submarginal cusps (two latero-adaxial, one abaxial, and two latero-abaxial), fits the diagnosis of S. anguina given by Vervoort (1993). This author gave no precise information on the exact number of internal projections of the perisarc, but assumed that four may have been present in his material, possibly two latero-adaxial and two latero-abaxial. The fifth, strictly abaxial cusp observed in the present material is only visible when the hydrothecal apertures are seen frontally, but not laterally. Although the measurements between the material in hand and the holotype appear similar (Table 5), certain differences (as the width of the hydrotheca) may be attributed to the fact that the former was measured in water, while the latter is a microslide preparation that suffered a certain degree of shrinkage. Geographical distribution New Caledonia (Vervoort 1993) and Norfolk ridge (present study).Published as part of Galea, Horia R., 2016, Notes on some sertulariid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the tropical western Pacific, with descriptions of nine new species, pp. 1-52 in European Journal of Taxonomy 218 on page 32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.218, http://zenodo.org/record/384019
Influence of Cueing and an Attentional Strategy on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson Disease During Turning
No full textIndividuals with Parkinson disease exhibit decreased axial head-pelvis rotation. Consequently, they turn more en bloc than healthy controls, which may contribute to freezing during turning. We wanted to understand the influence of auditory cueing and an attentional strategy on turning and how this related to freezing of gait (FOG).sponsorship: Financial support was provided through the Flanders Fund for Scientific Research (project G0691.08) and a grant from the Research Council of the University of Leuven (contract OT/07/074; contract OT/11/091). (Flanders Fund for Scientific Research|G0691.08, Research Council of the University of Leuven|OT/07/074, Research Council of the University of Leuven|OT/11/091)status: Publishe
Acryptolaria laertesi Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2010, n. sp.
No full textAcryptolaria laertesi n. sp. (Figs 14; 30; 31K; Table 15) TYPE MATERIAL. — Loyalty Islands. MUSORSTOM 6, stn DW 425, 20°24.30’S, 166°24.80’E, 594 m, 17.II.1989, 1 stem c. 75 mm high, holotype (MNHN-Hy.2009-0165); 1 stem fragment c. 20 mm high, paratype (RMNH-Coel. no. 35137, slide 699). ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name “ laertesi ” is a dedication to Laertes Peña Sancho, son of the first author; it is a noun in genitive singular. ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION. — Acryptolaria laertesi n. sp. was collected at a depth of 594 m in the Loyalty Islands area. DESCRIPTION Stem c. 75 mm high. Branching irregular and scarce (Fig. 31K); only seven, very short (up to 8 mm long) primary branches present. Branches roughly straight, with an almost unnoticeable zigzag (Fig. 14A). Hydrothecae alternately arranged in two planes forming an obtuse angle (Fig. 14A); approximately cylindrical, but with a clear decrease of diameter at basal adnate part (Fig. 14); minimum diameter at base. Distal part of hydrotheca practically straight. Hydrotheca strongly curved outwards, adnate for about half of its adcauline length (adnate/free ratio 1.1). Adcauline wall convex, straight at distal part; abcauline wall broadly concave, straight at distal part. Hydrothecal aperture circular, oblique and directed upwards, forming an angle of c. 30° with long axis of branch. Rim even, with numerous renovations (up to 12). Large nematocysts relatively very large and fusiform (Fig. 30). Coppinia not observed. REMARKS Acryptolaria laertesi n. sp. is easily recognizable by the colony structure, with just a few short primary branches and by shape and size of both hydrothecae and nematocysts. Acryptolaria laertesi n. sp. has extremely long and thin nematocysts (ratio 4.1). It has in fact the longest nematocysts in the genus Acryptolaria, together with A. tortugasensis, though in this species they are wider (29.3 × 9.9 µm). Acryptolaria laertesi n. sp. resembles A. encarnae n. sp. in the shape of the hydrothecae, but in the latter the hydrothecae are broadly cylindrical, slightly smaller, more strongly directed outwards and free for a smaller proportion. Moreover, in A. encarnae n. sp. the branches are straight and the large type of nematocysts is much smaller (19.9 × 7.5 µm). In the shape of the hydrothecae, A. laertesi n. sp. approaches A. corniformis, but in the latter the hydrothecae are much larger and less curved outwards. Moreover, it has much smaller nematocysts (12.3 × 4.3 µm in the holotype).Published as part of Peña Cantero, Álvaro L. & Vervoort, Willem, 2010, Species of Acryptolaria Norman, 1875 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae) collected in the Western Pacific by various French expeditions, with the description of nineteen new species, pp. 267-332 in Zoosystema 32 (2) on pages 294-297, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n2a5, http://zenodo.org/record/452100
Acryptolaria medeae Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2010, n. sp.
No full text<i>Acryptolaria medeae</i> n. sp. (Figs 16; 30; 32B; Table 17) <p> TYPE MATERIAL. — <b>NW New Caledonia.</b> MUSORSTOM 4, stn CP 195, 18°54.8’S, 163°22.2’E, 465 m, 19.IX.1985, 1 stem 70 mm high, with coppinia, holotype (MNHN- Hy.2009-0166); 1 stem <i>c.</i> 23 mm high, paratype (RMNH- Coel. no. 31518).</p> <p>OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Stn DW 197, 18°51.3’S, 163°21.0’E, 560 m, 20.IX.1985, 2 stems up to 80 mm high (MNCN 2.03/424).</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name <i>medeae</i> is a dedication to Medea Peña Sancho, daughter of the first author; “medeae” is a noun in genitive singular.</p> <p> ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION. — <i>Acryptolaria medeae</i> n. sp. was collected at depths between 465 and 560 m off NW New Caledonia.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Palm-shaped stems up to 80 mm high (Fig. 32B), with the appearance of gorgonids and a disc-shaped hydrorhiza for attachment to hard substratum. Branching extremely abundant (up to sixth-order branches observed) and irregular, but strictly in one plane. Stem deprived of branches for the first few millimetres and then with continuous branching with numerous anastomoses, giving stems the aspect of a mesh. Branches slightly sinuous (Fig. 16A).</p> <p> Hydrothecae alternately arranged in approximately one plane (Fig. 16A, B), almost cylindrical, but imperceptibly widening basally (Fig. 16A, B); later diameter sharply decreasing at hydrothecal base. Hydrotheca gently curved outwards; adcauline wall adnate to internode for over two-thirds of its length (adnate/free ratio 2.6), convex. Abcauline wall straight or convex at basal half, concave at distal half, with a strong development of the perisarc which is strongly reduced just over hydrotheca underneath (Fig. 16A, B). Hydrothecal aperture circular, oblique and directed upwards, forming an angle of <i>c.</i> 40° with long axis of branches. Rim even, sometimes with short renovations (up to 13 observed).</p> <p>Large nematocysts relatively large and ovoid (Fig. 30).</p> <p>Coppinia fusiform, 22 mm long and 3 mm in diameter, consisting of closely set (Fig. 16C), flaskshaped gonothecae provided with a long distal neck ending in a circular aperture with even rim (Fig. 16C, D). Gonothecal walls coalesced with strong development of the perisarc (Fig. 16D); defensive tubes absent.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p> <i>Acryptolaria medeae</i> n. sp. is characterized by the gorgonian-like appearance of the stems, much branched in one plane and with many anastomoses which give them a compact aspect, the strong development of perisarc at the abcauline wall of the hydrotheca, and the fairly wide gonothecae. The large nematocysts are abundant.</p> <p> This new species is close to <i>A. disordinata</i> n. sp. in stem structure, being much branched in one plane, and by the presence of a strong perisarc development in the abcauline hydrothecal wall. Nevertheless they distinctly differ in the nematocysts which in <i>A. disordinata</i> n. sp. are larger (25.6 × 9.4 µm). Furthermore in the latter the branches strongly widen where the hydrothecae become free, the strong development of perisarc of the abcauline wall reaches the hydrotheca situated below, the cylindrical hydrothecae are larger and, finally, the gonothecae are in a chaotic disposition in the coppinia.</p>Published as part of <i>Peña Cantero, Álvaro L. & Vervoort, Willem, 2010, Species of Acryptolaria Norman, 1875 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae) collected in the Western Pacific by various French expeditions, with the description of nineteen new species, pp. 267-332 in Zoosystema 32 (2)</i> on pages 299-300, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n2a5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4521008">http://zenodo.org/record/4521008</a>
Acryptolaria niobae Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2010, n. sp.
No full text<i>Acryptolaria niobae</i> n. sp. (Figs 19; 30; 32C; Table 20) <p> TYPE MATERIAL. — <b>Loyalty Islands.</b> BIOCAL 1, stn DW 08, 20°34.351’- 20°35.092’S, 166°53.904’- 166°54.051’E, 435 m, 12.VIII.1985, 1 stem <i>c.</i> 23 mm high, holotype (MNHN-Hy.2009-0167).</p> <p> <b>Norfolk Ridge.</b> CHALCAL 2, stn DW 76, 23°40.50’S- 167°45.20’E, 470 m, 30.X.1986, 1 stem 25 mm high, paratype (MNHN-Hy.2009-0156, slide); 1 stem 35 mm high, paratype (RMNH-Coel. no. 35020, slides 448).</p> <p> OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — <b>Loyalty Islands.</b> BIOGEOCAL, stn CP 290, 20°36.01’- 20°37.26’S, 167°03.34’- 167°03.60’E, 920- 760 m, 27.IV.1987, 1 basally broken, unbranched stem <i>c.</i> 15 mm high (MNHN-Hy.2009-0155, slide).</p> <p> <b>Norfolk Ridge.</b> BIOCAL 1, stn DW 66, 24°55.435’- 24°54.849’S, 168°21.678’- 168°21.995’E, 515- 505 m, 3.IX.1985, 1 stem <i>c.</i> 16 mm high in slide (MNCN 2.03/398).</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY. — The specific name <i>niobae</i> is a dedication to Níobe Peña Sancho, daughter of the first author. It is a noun in female genitive.</p> <p> ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION. — <i>Acryptolaria niobae</i> n. sp. originates from the Loyalty Islands and the Norfolk Ridge areas where it was collected at depths between 435 and 920 m.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Stems up to 23 mm high, very scarcely branched (Fig. 32C); the largest stem with just a primary branch giving rise to a secondary one. Branches with an inconspicuous zigzag arrangement (Fig. 19A).</p> <p> Hydrothecae alternately arranged in approximately one plane (Fig. 19A), tubular (Fig. 19), cylindrical in distal fourth, diameter slightly decreasing basally and reaching minimum diameter a little above the point where the hydrotheca becomes adnate. At that point the hydrotheca widens slightly and contributes to the formation of an expanded part of the branch (Fig. 19C); the diameter at adnate part remains roughly uniform (Fig. 19). Free part of hydrotheca basically straight, strongly directed outwards due to sharp inflection at the point where the hydrotheca becomes free. Hydrotheca adnate for approximately one-fifth of its adcauline wall (adnate/free ratio 0.2); that wall straight at adnate part and straight or slightly convex at its free portion; abcauline wall slightly concave, straight at distal part. Hydrothecal aperture circular, oblique and directed upwards, forming an angle of <i>c.</i> 45° with long axis of internode. Rim even, frequently with a few short renovations (Fig. 19A).</p> <p>Large nematocysts relatively large and bananashaped (Fig. 30).</p> <p>Coppinia not found.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p> <i>Acryptolaria niobae</i> n. sp. is a very peculiar species.It resembles <i>A. infinita</i> n. sp. in the long hydrothecae and in the colony structure, having only few ramifications and branches with a slight zigzag disposition. Nevertheless, they are distinguishable by several features.First of all the hydrotheca in <i>A. infinita</i> n. sp. is smoothly curved outwards,lacking the characteristic widening at the point where hydrotheca and branch meet observed in <i>A. niobae</i> n. sp. Moreover, in <i>A. infinita</i> n. sp. the hydrotheca is approximately cylindrical at the free portion and much larger. They also differ in the size of the nematocysts, which are much smaller in <i>A. infinita</i> n. sp. (14.8 × 8.1 Μm), and in the extremely small adnate portion of the hydrotheca in <i>A. niobae</i> n. sp.</p>Published as part of <i>Peña Cantero, Álvaro L. & Vervoort, Willem, 2010, Species of Acryptolaria Norman, 1875 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae) collected in the Western Pacific by various French expeditions, with the description of nineteen new species, pp. 267-332 in Zoosystema 32 (2)</i> on pages 304-305, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n2a5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4521008">http://zenodo.org/record/4521008</a>
Acryptolaria encarnae Peña Cantero & Vervoort 2010, n. sp.
No full text<i>Acryptolaria encarnae</i> n. sp. (Figs 8; 30; 31E; Table 9) <p> TYPE MATERIAL. — <b>Loyalty Islands.</b> MUSORSTOM 6, stn CP 464, 21°02.30’S, 167°31.60’E, 430 m, 21.II.1989, 1 stem <i>c.</i> 70 mm high, holotype (MNHN-Hy.2009- 0160); 1 stem 50 mm high, paratype (RMNH-Coel. no. 31506).</p> <p> OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — <b>Norfolk Ridge.</b> BIOCAL 1, stn DW 66, 24°55.435’- 24°54.849’S, 168°21.678’- 168°21.995’E, 515- 505 m, 3.IX.1985, 1 unbranched fragment <i>c.</i> 13 mm long in slide (MNCN 2.03/393).</p> <p> ETYMOLOGY. — The species name <i>encarnae</i> is a dedication to Encarna Sancho Aguilar, wife of the first author. The name is a noun in female genitive.</p> <p> ECOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION. — <i>Acryptolaria encarnae</i> n. sp. was collected at depths between 430 and 515 m in both the Loyalty Islands area and at the Norfolk Ridge.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION</p> <p>Stems up to 70 mm high, strongly polysiphonic and with dish-shaped hydrorhiza (Fig. 31E). Branching scarce and irregular; primary branches originating at basal part of stem, long, straight, upward directed and usually unbranched. 70 mm high stem of holotype with first 9 mm unbranched and tortuous, then with a primary branch of stronger development than main stem. The other stem in the sample (paratype) could actually be a detached primary branch of the main stem. The primary branch of the holotype gives rise to three secondary branches; of these, one forms two third-order branches, whereas the other two are unbranched, one is even 45 mm long. Main stem giving rise to two extra primary branches, the basal one forming two secondary branches. Branches straight (Fig. 8A, B).</p> <p>Hydrothecae alternately arranged in approximately one plane (Fig. 8A, B), cylindrical (Fig. 8), diameter decreasing only slightly at basal part. Hydrothecae gently curved outwards, adcauline wall convex throughout, abcauline wall concave. They are adnate for almost two-thirds of their adcauline length (adnate/free ratio 1.8). Hydrothecal aperture circular and directed outwards, almost parallel to long axis of branch (Fig. 8); rim even. Some hydrothecae with dish-shaped operculum.</p> <p>Large nematocysts relatively large and fusiform (Fig. 30).</p> <p>Coppinia not found.</p> <p>REMARKS</p> <p> <i>Acryptolaria encarnae</i> n. sp. is clearly recognizable by the colony structure, with long, straight and little branched primary branches, and by the shape of the hydrothecae which are almost cylindrical throughout and gently curved outwards.</p> <p>The material from BIOCAL 1 stn DW 66 has slightly larger nematocysts (cf. Table 9) and the hydrothecae are less strongly directed outwards (Fig. 8E).</p> <p> <i>Acryptolaria encarnae</i> n. sp. resembles <i>A. abies</i> in the straight branches and general shape of the hydrotheca but the two species are easily distinguishable because in <i>A. abies</i> the hydrothecae are much smaller (cf. Peña Cantero <i>et al.</i> 2007: table I) as also applies to the nematocysts (11.2 × 4.6 µm in the lectotype).</p>Published as part of <i>Peña Cantero, Álvaro L. & Vervoort, Willem, 2010, Species of Acryptolaria Norman, 1875 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae) collected in the Western Pacific by various French expeditions, with the description of nineteen new species, pp. 267-332 in Zoosystema 32 (2)</i> on pages 284-286, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n2a5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4521008">http://zenodo.org/record/4521008</a>
Transcranial direct current stimulation in Parkinson's disease: Neurophysiological mechanisms and behavioral effects
No full textRecent research has highlighted the potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to complement rehabilitation effects in the elderly and in patients with neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). TDCS can modulate cortical excitability and enhance neurophysiological mechanisms that compensate for impaired learning in PD. The objective of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the effects of tDCS on neurophysiological and behavioral outcome measures in PD patients, both as a stand-alone and as an adjunctive therapy. We systematically reviewed the literature published throughout the last 10 years. Ten studies were included, most of which were sham controlled. Results confirmed that tDCS applied to the motor cortex had significant results on motor function and to a lesser extent on cognitive tests. However, the physiological mechanism underlying the long-term effects of tDCS on cortical excitability in the PD brain are still unclear and need to be clarified in order to apply this technique optimally to a wider population in the different disease stages and with different medication profiles.sponsorship: This work was supported by grants from the King Baudouin Foundation (Malou Malou and Amelie Fund), the Promobilia Foundation, the KU Leuven (project OT/11/091) and by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) (project G.0906.11). E. Nackaerts is a Research Assistant and E. Heremans a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). (King Baudouin Foundation (Malou Malou and Amelie Fund), Promobilia Foundation, KU Leuven|OT/11/091, Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO)|G.0906.11)status: Publishe
Parasitic copepods from Egyptian Red Sea fishes: Bomolochidae Claus, 1875
No full text© The Author(s) 2015
Open Access - This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The attached file is the published version of the article.NHM Repositor
Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR) protein isoforms in mammalian retina:insights into X-linked Retinitis Pigmentosa and associated ciliopathies
No full textMutations in the cilia-centrosomal protein Retinitis Pigmentosa GTPase Regulator (RPGR) are a frequent cause of retinal degeneration. The RPGR gene undergoes complex alternative splicing and encodes multiple protein isoforms. To elucidate the function of major RPGR isoforms (RPGR 1-19 and RPGR ORF15), we have generated isoform-specific antibodies and examined their expression and localization in the retina. Using sucrose-gradient centrifugation, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation methods, we show that RPGR isoforms localize to distinct sub-cellular compartments in mammalian photoreceptors and associate with a number of cilia-centrosomal proteins. The RCC1-like domain of RPGR, which is present in all major RPGR isoforms, is sufficient to target it to the cilia and centrosomes in cultured cells. Our findings indicate that multiple isotypes of RPGR may perform overlapping yet somewhat distinct transport-related functions in photoreceptors
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