2,940 research outputs found
Disaster medicine education in Canadian medical schools before and after September 11, 2001
No full textThe cross-section morphology of films (a is GL film, b is GG film, c is GL+ EA film, d is GG+EA film, e is GG/GL film, f is GG/GE+EA film).
No full textThe cross-section morphology of films (a is GL film, b is GG film, c is GL+ EA film, d is GG+EA film, e is GG/GL film, f is GG/GE+EA film).</p
A Brazilian glycoprotein E-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1.2a (BHV-1.2a) mutant is attenuated for cattle and induces protection against wild-type virus challenge
No full textThe authors previously reported the construction of a glycoprotein E-deleted (gE-) mutant of bovine herpesvirus type 1.2a (BHV-1.2a). This mutant, 265gE-, was designed as a vaccinal strain for differential vaccines, allowing the distinction between vaccinated and naturally infected cattle. In order to determine the safety and efficacy of this candidate vaccine virus, a group of calves was inoculated with 265gE-. The virus was detected in secretions of inoculated calves to lower titres and for a shorter period than the parental virus inoculated in control calves. Twenty one days after inoculation, the calves were challenged with the wild type parental virus. Only mild signs of infection were detected on vaccinated calves, whereas non-vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Six months after vaccination, both vaccinated and control groups were subjected to reactivation of potentially latent virus. The mutant 265gE- could not be reactivated from vaccinated calves. The clinical signs observed, following the reactivation of the parental virus, were again much milder on vaccinated than on non-vaccinated calves. Moreover, parental virus shedding was considerably reduced on vaccinated calves at reactivation. In view of its attenuation, immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge and reactivation with a virulent BHV-1, the mutant 265gE- was shown to be suitable for use as a BHV-1 differential vaccine viru
Virulence, immunogenicity and reactivation of bovine herpesvirus 1 mutants with a deletion in the gC, gG, gI, gE, or in both the gI and gE gene
No full textWithin the framework of developing a marker vaccine against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), several mutants with deletions in non-essential glycoprotein genes were constructed. Glycoprotein gC, gG, gI and gE single deletion mutants, a gI/gE double deletion mutant and a gE frame-shift mutant were made. The virulence and immunogenicity of these mutants were evaluated in specific-pathogen-free calves. Except for the gC deletion mutant, all mutants were significantly less virulent than the parental wild-type (wt) BHV1 strain Lam. The virulence of the gI and the gI-/gE- mutants was almost completely reduced. Upon challenge infection, the calves of the control group became severely ill, whereas all other calves remained healthy. The reduction of the virus shedding after challenge infection was related to the virulence of the strain of primary inoculation. Virus shedding was almost completely reduced in calves first inoculated with Lam-wt or with gC- and the least reduced in calves inoculated with gI- or gI-/gE-. Six weeks after challenge, all calves were treated with dexamethasone to study whether mutant or challenge virus or both could be reactivated. The gC- and the gG- mutants were reactivated, whereas none of the other mutants were reisolated. Reactivation of challenge virus was reduced in all calves inoculated with mutant viruses. The gC deletion mutant was too virulent and the gI and the gI/gE deletion mutants were the least immunogenic, but based on residual virulence and immunogenicity, both the gG and the gE deletion mutants are candidates for incorporation in live BHV1 vaccines. However, it also depends on the kinetics of the anti-gG and anti-gE antibody response after wild-type virus infection, whether these deletion mutants are really suitable to be incorporated in a marker vaccin
Characterization of BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- Mutant in Differential Protein Expression, Virulence, and Immunity
No full textInfectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is an important disease affecting cattle worldwide resulting in great economic losses. Marker vaccines are effective in controlling infectious diseases including IBR, because they allow the discrimination between the natural infection and the vaccination. Therefore, a triple gene deleted strain BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- was developed and evaluated in vivo and in vitro as a marker vaccine. In cell culture, this triple mutant virus showed significantly slower growth kinetics and smaller plaques when compared to wild-type (wt) BoHV-1 and double mutant BoHV-1 gG-/tk- (p p < 0.001) in calves compared to double mutant. Moreover, the immunized calves with triple mutant virus showed protection rates of 64.2% and 68.6% against wt BoHV-1 and wt BoHV-5 challenge, respectively, without reactivation of latency after dexamethasone injection. In conclusion, BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- is a safer marker vaccine against IBR although its immunogenicity in calves was decreased when compared to double mutant virus
Unihemispheric sleep and asymmetrical sleep: behavioral, neurophysiological, and functional perspectives [Corrigendum]
No full textMascetti GG. Nat Sci Sleep. 2016;8:221–38.For references 147, 153 and 154 the lead author should be Vyazovskiy, not Wyazovskiy.Read the original articl
Transient enhanced diffusion of B mediated by self-interstitials in preamorphized Ge
No full textThe dissolution of interstitial-type end-of-range (EOR) damage in preamorphized Ge is shown to induce a transient enhanced diffusion of an epitaxially grown boron delta at temperatures above 350 °C that saturates above 420 °C. The B diffusion events are quantitatively correlated with the measured positive strain associated with the EOR damage as a function of the annealing temperature with an energy barrier for the EOR damage dissolution of 2.1±0.3 eV. These results unambiguously demonstrate that B diffuses in Ge through a mechanism assisted by self-interstitials, and impose considering the interstitial implantation damage for the modeling of impurity diffusion in Ge
The use of the texture and motion of clouds from geostationary satellite images in rain rate estimation and prediction
No full textThis thesis addresses the problem of estimating rainfall rates from satellite imagery. The potential for using cloud motion and texture to estimate rain rates has been examined. The main types of textural information, i.e. statistical, structural, frequency and spatio-temporal, have been used to derive features from the satellite measurements and then used to determine a relationship to the radar-observed rain rates. These features were ranked by two scoring functions that were devised to assess their relationship to rain rates. The first scoring function selected a feature set for classifying samples into three rain rate classes. The selected features successfully classify rain rates of a mid-latitude cyclone seen on Meteosat7 with 84.8-99.3 % accuracy with a significant Hanssen-Kuipers discriminant score when a probabilistic neural network was used. A similar accuracy was found when a support vector machine (SVM) was used. Another scoring function was used for the selection of the features for estimating rain rates of each class. A Gaussian-kernel SVM that has been trained by these features produced visually agreeable rain estimates, which were much better than those produced by other methods that used only spectral information. Using the same types features at different time also achieved the similar accuracy.The method was robust and continuous rain estimates were obtained. Unlike other techniques in which additional information has always been required, the results showed that textural information alone can be used for rain estimation. This is preferable when only satellite measurements are available. Frequent updating of the observed rain rates can be done to improve the accuracy of the estimation.The potential for using cloud motion to predict rain rates was also examined. It was found that a combination of the maximum cross correlation and optical flow techniques provided the best estimate of the velocity of clouds. A cloud’s displacement derived by the maximum cross correlation technique was used for the approximation of the future location of its corresponding rain and the final velocity derived by the optical flow technique predicts how the rain rates would change. The rain rates predicted by this novel method provided good correlation to the observed rain rates at an hour later
Electroluminescence from Au/(nanoscale Ge/nanoscale SiO2) superlattices/p-Si
No full textNanoscale Ge/nanoscale SiO2 superlattices (SLs) with four periods have been grown using the two-electron-beam alternation evaporating technique. Visible electroluminescence (EL) from the semitransparent Au film/(nanoscale Ge/nanoscale SiO2) SL/p-Si structures was observed when the forward bias exceeded 5 V, and their EL power efficiencies were significantly higher than that of a semitransparent Au film/nanoscale Ge particles embedded SiO2 film/p-Si structure. The effects of thicknesses of nanoscale Ge layers in the SLs and of annealing temperatures on the EL were studied. It is found that the intensity and position of the major EL peak being located in a range of 640-680 nm vary synchronously, while the EL shoulder around 520 nm remains unchanged in wavelength with increasing Ge layer thickness. The results strongly support the viewpoint that EL originates from the luminescence centers in the SiO2 layers. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01449-7].http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000083912800013&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Physics, AppliedSCI(E)EI8ARTICLE233629-36317
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