9,089 research outputs found
The Content and Nature of Political Competition in Europe: Conceptualizing Political Space and Axis of Party Competition
No full text[From the introduction]. European Union countries face a comparable set of socio-economic challenges: from rationalization of the welfare systems and generation of economic growth and employment, to absorption of immigrant communities and the granting of legal rights to minorities with alternate life-styles. Despite these general similarities, a striking feature of politics in Europe is the diversity of political competition present in its political systems. While in some countries political contest occurs primarily over economic policy, the political debate in others centers on issues such as protection of national culture and state sovereignty. This paper aims to address how political competition can be theoretically comprehended, and what accounts for the variance in the content of European political contestation. To answer these questions, this paper builds on spatial theory of political competition, and develops two additional concepts: political space and axis of competition in the opening theoretical section. The second section of this work turns to the empirical expression of the axis of competition in Europe. The third section serves as a demonstration of the conceptual framework. It performs a multinomial logit analysis on individual vote choice, linking the variation of competition axes to electoral competition. The paper argues for understanding political competition in the light of political space and axis of competition. It emphasizes that the particular content of competition stems from the interaction of supply and demand factors, the interplay between individual preferences and party strategies. There is a connection between the nature of party competition expressed by the slope of the competition axis and the particular issues that individual voters consider when selecting a political party. Consequently, where party competition unfolds along an economic dimension, voters consider major political parties on the basis of their economic inclinations, while where political contest occurs along a social dimension, social issues play a more significant role in vote choice for major parties. Minor parties, somewhat marginalized in the political system, seek to highlight other issues, competing for votes along secondary dimensions or non-policy issues
The Neofunctionalists Were (almost) Right: Politicization and European Integration
No full textThis paper examines the politicization of European integration. We begin by asking how neofunctionalism and its precursor, functionalism, conceive the politics of regional integration. Then we turn to the evidence of the past two decades and ask how politicization has, in fact, shaped the level, scope, and character of European integration.political science; integration theory; neo-functionalism; identity; multilevel governance
Unraveling the Central State, But How? Types of Multi-Level Governance. IHS Political Science Series: 2003, No. 87
No full textThe reallocation of authority upwards, downwards, and sideways from central states has drawn attention from a growing number of scholars in political science. Yet beyond agreement that governance has become (and should be) multi-level, there is no consensus about how it should be organized. This article draws on several literatures to distinguish two types of multi-level governance. One type conceives of dispersion of authority to general-purpose, non-intersecting, and durable jurisdictions. A second type of governance conceives of task-specific, intersecting, and flexible jurisdictions. We conclude by specifying the virtues of each type of governance
A treatise on Marks' patent artificial limbs with rubber hands and feet.
No full text"Geo. E. Marks is the author, but the firm claims proprietaryship to all the treatises"--Publishers' answer.Pref. signed Geo. E. Marks.Mode of access: Internet
Replication Data for: The Social Bases of Political Parties: A New Measure and Survey
No full textThis dataset focuses on the social structuration of political parties. It develops a simple and transparent measure for assessing the relative weight of socio-structural and behavioral factors for party composition. We illustrate this measure in comparison of political parties in 30 European countries since 1975. (2021-12-12
Replication Data for: The Social Bases of Political Parties: A New Measure and Survey
No full textThis dataset focuses on the social structuration of political parties. It develops a simple and transparent measure for assessing the relative weight of socio-structural and behavioral factors for party composition. We illustrate this measure in comparison of political parties in 30 European countries since 1975
The transition to full-time work of young people who do not go to university
No full textCrisis accounts of the youth labour market are not supported by the findings outlined in this report. Gary N. Marks also disputes claims that young people who are not fully engaged in full-time work or study are at risk of an unsuccessful school-to-work transition
Unmet demand? Characteristics and activities of university applicants not offered a place
No full textThe main reason that unsuccessful applicants to university miss out on a place is their lower level of academic performance, Gary N. Marks finds. This report focuses on a group of young Australians who applied to attend university but were not offered a place. These applicants are commonly referred to as indicating ‘unmet demand’ for university study. The study included almost 8000 young people who were in Year 9 in 1998; most completed Year 12 in 2001
Missing Out on a University Place
No full textAt the start of each university year many media reports focus on the disappointment of young Australians who applied to enter university but did not receive an offer of a place. This group of unsuccessful applicants is often referred to as representing ‘unmet demand’ for university. Gary Marks describes the findings from a study that investigated who missed out on a university place and the alternative study pathways they took
Contested world order: The delegitimation of international governance
No full textThis article argues that the chief challenge to international governance is an emerging political cleavage, which pits nationalists against immigration, free trade, and international authority. While those on the radical left contest international governance for its limits, nationalists reject it in principle. A wide-ranging cultural and economic reaction has reshaped political conflict in Europe and the United States and is putting into question the legitimacy of the rule of law among states
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