196,270 research outputs found
Araripescolia Nel, Escuillie & Garrouste, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Araripescolia Nel, Escuillie & Garrouste, gen. nov. Type species. Araripescolia magnifica Nel, Escuillie & Garrouste, sp. nov. Etymology. Named after the type locality Sierra of Araripe and the genus name Scolia, gender feminine. Diagnosis. Presence of longitudinally wrinkled structures of apical parts of fore and hind wings; fore wing cell 2 R 1 long, with apex not contiguous with wing margin; cell 3 Rs closed, nearly as long as high; cell 1 + 2 Rs with a long anterior side; crossvein r-rs short, straight; crossvein 2 m-cu sigmoidal; costal vein confluent before pterostigma; radial vein uninterrupted; hind wing Rs and M very long before r-m; cell 1 Rs closed; cu-a well distal of M-Cu fork.Published as part of Nel, André, Escuillie, François & Garrouste, Romain, 2013, A new scoliid wasp in the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae), pp. 395-400 in Zootaxa 3717 (3) on page 396, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/22196
Eoacridophagus Myskowiak, Garrouste & Nel, 2016, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Eoacridophagus gen. nov. Type species. Eoacridophagus azari sp. nov. (here designated) Diagnosis. Reduced mouthparts with proboscis very short; discal cell open in wing margin; anal area narrow; cell cup closed before wing margin, reaching it by a short stalk; r-m situated well basal of level of apex of R 1, R 2 + 3 not sigmoidal. Etymology. Named after the Eocene period and the genus Acridophagus. Gender masculine.Published as part of Myskowiak, Justine, Garrouste, Romain & Nel, Andre, 2016, A new genus and species of micro bee fly from the Earliest Eocene French amber (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae: Psiloderoidinae), pp. 583-586 in Zootaxa 4114 (5) on page 583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.5.5, http://zenodo.org/record/25907
Eocenotrichia Garrouste, Azar & Nel, 2016, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Eocenotrichia gen. nov. Type species. Eocenotrichia magnifica sp. nov. Etymology. Named after Eocene and ‘trichia’, frequent termination of the generic names in the Scenopinidae. Gender feminine. Generic diagnosis. Body length 7.6 mm [female]; head higher than long, flagellum relatively elongate with notched apex for stylus; frons not protruding anteriorly; mouthparts well developed and shorter than head length; R 4 emerging in distal third of cell [r 5]; M 1 joining with R 5, cell [r 5] petiolate to wing margin; costal margin ending at R 5 +M 1; female acanthophorite spines well developed in a marginal row; sternite 8 slightly shorter than tergite 8, posteriorly rounded.Published as part of Garrouste, Romain, Azar, Dany & Nel, Andre, 2016, The oldest accurate record of Scenopinidae in the Lowermost Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Brachycera), pp. 444-450 in Zootaxa 4093 (3) on page 445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4093.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/25532
Eodromyia Myskowiak & Garrouste & Nel 2018, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Eodromyia gen. nov. Type species. Eodromyia pumilio sp. nov., by present designation. Etymology. Named after the Eocene period and suffix –dromia (from Greek ‘dromos’: runner), widely used through Tachydromiinae. Its gender is feminine. Diagnosis. Eyes contiguous on face and widely separated on frons; posterior pair of ocellar setae long; postocellar setae minute; one pair of vertical setae; one series of four rather long pairs of setae on occiput; aristalike stylus subapical; one pair anterior of ocellar setae; disc of scutum with setae arranged in distinct rows; dorsocentral setae uniserial; mesopleuron with hairs; all longitudinal veins simple; C ending at apex of M; Rs rather long, longer than base of R4+5 and r-m, weaker than R2+3 and R4+5; R2+3 distinctly curved; R4+5 and M divergent; M and CuA strongly divergent; complete reduction of CuA2; no cell bm, no crossvein bm-cu; anal vein very short; hind femur lacking subapical setae; hind tibia with six anterodorsal setae; mesopleuron with setulae.Published as part of Myskowiak, J., Garrouste, R. & Nel, A., 2018, Eodromyia pumilio gen. et sp. nov., a new empidoid fly from the Earliest Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Hybotidae: Tachydromiinae), pp. 279-286 in Zootaxa 4379 (2) on page 280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4379.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/117552
Knowledge: a Challenge for the Austrian Theory of the Firm.
No full textIn this paper I argue that the unequal distribution of knowledge implies that an Austrian theory of the firm must investigate two items. The first is the growth of knowledge within the firm (learning process), the second the way in the rights to decide over the distribution of knowledge are assigned and controlled. Finally, because those two elements are interdependent, we must define what their possible relations can be.
Hypopsylla Prokop, Garrouste & Nel, 2016, gen. nov.
No full text<i>Hypopsylla</i> gen. nov. <p> <b>Type species.</b> <i>Hypopsylla belmontensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Wing characters only. ScP ending on RA distal of base of RP, but closer to this point than to the pterostigma (a character also present in Permopsociidae but not in Archipsyllidae); presence of a short crossvein between ScP and costa; a very deep posterior curve of RA in the pterostigma; posterior branch of M with three branches; elongate and narrow areola postica (a character also present in Archipsyllidae but not Permopsociidae), absence of crossvein between M and CuA (a character also present in Archipsyllidae but not Permopsociidae).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Composite name after <i>Hypoperla</i> and <i>Archypsylla</i>. Gender feminine.</p> <p> <b>Remark.</b> The new genus <i>Hypopsylla</i> (Upper Permian, Australia, <i>H</i>. <i>belmontensis</i>) shares with the Psocidiidae the elongate and narrow areola postica, presence of a short crossvein between ScP and costa as in <i>Dichentomum</i>, ScP ending on RA distal of base of RP, but closer to this point than to the pterostigma, unlike in other taxa of this family.</p>Published as part of <i>Prokop, Jakub, Garrouste, Romain & Nel, André, 2016, A new permopsocidan genus and species from the Late Permian of Australia (Insecta: Acercaria: Psocidiidae), pp. 589-592 in Zootaxa 4147 (5)</i> on page 590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.5.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/266236">http://zenodo.org/record/266236</a>
Araripescolia magnifica Nel, Escuillie & Garrouste, sp. nov.
No full textAraripescolia magnifica Nel, Escuillie & Garrouste, sp. nov. (Figs 1–3) Material. Holotype specimen WDC-CCFB- 7 (a complete body with four wings and two legs), Wyoming Dinosaur Center-Crato, Wyoming, USA. Etymology. Named after the wonderful state of preservation of the wings of this fossil. Age and outcrop. Chapada do Araripe, northeastern Brazil; Upper Aptian, Nova Olinda member of the Crato formation. Diagnosis. As for the genus. Description. Head length 4.2 mm, 4.1 mm wide, mesosoma 7.4 mm long, 7.1 mm wide, metasoma 12.9 mm long, 5.8 mm wide; fore wing 16.1 mm long, 5.8 mm wide; hind wing 10.9 mm long, 4.5 mm wide; head mediumsized and suboval; eyes large but poorly preserved; details of head structures not clear; antennae long, curved, with separation between distal segments indistinct; scape enlarged; pedicel small; mesosoma large; pronotum short medially; scutellum inversely trapezoidal; metanotum short; propodeum broad; wings hyaline, presence of longitudinally wrinkled structures of apical parts of fore and hind wings; fore wing with pterostigma narrow, widened apicad, slightly sclerotised; costal vein confluent before pterostigma; radial vein uninterrupted; basal section of Rs as long as that of M; no vestigial 1 r-rs; distal section of Rs sigmoidal, 2.7 mm long; crossvein r-rs short, straight; veins 3 r-m and 2 m-cu present; veins 1 m-cu and 2 m-cu ending in cell 1 + 2 Rs; anterior side of cell 1 + 2 Rs 0.5 mm long; cell 2 R 1 1.5 times as long as pterostigma, three times as long as wide, with apex not contiguous with wing margin; cell 3 Rs closed, nearly as long as wide; cu-a aligned with basal section of M, slightly shorter than basal section of M; cell 2 Cu nearly parallel-sided, with sides arcuate; hind wing with Rs short beyond 1 r-m; 1 r-m long and curved; cell 1 Rs closed, longer than wide; cu-a postfurcal, long sigmoidal and oblique to A; metasoma long (longer than head and thorax combined), somewhat constricted between 1 st and 2 nd segments; sting not clearly visible. Discussion. Araripescolia gen. nov. has a fore wing venation very similar to that of an Archaeoscoliinae (very similar to that of the Mesozoic genera Archaeoscolia Rasnitsyn, 1993 or Cretoscolia Rasnitsyn, 1993) (Rasnitsyn 1993), in the following points: fore wing cell 2 R 1 long; cell 3 Rs closed; crossvein r-rs short, straight; crossveins 3 rm and 2 m-cu present; hind wing Rs and M very long before r-m. Cretoscolia brasiliensis is the unique described Archaeoscoliinae from Araripe, it is much smaller than Araripescolia, and it has not the longitudinally wrinkled structure of the apical parts of the fore wings, clearly visible in Araripescolia (Osten 2007). Rasnitsyn (1993) considered the Archaeoscoliinae as a paraphyletic group in respect to the other Scoliidae. Argaman (1996) considered that the Archaeoscoliinae are not Scoliidae but ‘Anthoboscidae’ (= Tiphiidae: Anthoboscinae) for the presence of notauli. This structure is not preserved in Araripescolia. Later authors did not follow Argaman’s opinion (Rasnitsyn & Martínez-Delclòs 1999, Zhang et al. 2002). After Pilgrim et al. (2008), the Tiphiidae is a polyphyletic group with the Anthoboscinae clearly not closely related to the Scoliidae, while the Scoliidae would belong to a clade that comprises the Formicidae and Apoidea. Notauli are present in these two last groups, suggesting that their absence in modern Scoliidae is an apomorphy. The plesiomorphic presence of notauli in the Archaeoscoliinae is therefore not a sufficient argument to exclude them from the scoliid lineage. It remains that a phylogenetic analysis of the Scoliidae that integrates these fossils is necessary to clarify the situation. Some Anthoboscinae (e.g. Tiphiodes Brèthes, 1913) have a fore wing venation very similar to those of Araripescolia and Cretoscolia (Genise 1984). Araripescolia can be attributed to the Scoliidae because of the presence of the typical longitudinally wrinkled structures of the apical parts of the fore and hind wings, absent in the Tiphiidae (Day et al. 1981, Argaman 1996). These structures are also absent in the archaeoscoliine genera Cretoscolia and Archaeoscolia (Rasnitsyn 1993, Rasnitsyn & Martínez-Delclòs 1999, Zhang 2004, Osten 2007), and badly known in the two other archaeoscoliine genera, viz. the Mesozoic Protoscolia Zhang et al., 2002 and the Cenozoic Floriscolia Rasnitsyn, 1993 (Rasnitsyn 1993, Zhang et al. 2002). Araripescolia strongly differs from Cenozoic Floriscolia Rasnitsyn, 1993 in the fore wing with apex of cell 2 R 1 not contiguous with wing margin, cell 3 Rs nearly as long as high, and hind wing with cu-a well distal of M-Cu fork (Rasnitsyn 1993). Araripescolia differs from Protoscolia Zhang et al., 2002 in the absence of a vestige of 1 r-rs, and the apex of radial cell nearly aligned to 3 r-m (Zhang et al. 2002). Thus Araripescolia can be accurately attributed to the Scoliidae, but, if it strongly differs from the Archaeoscoliinae, its exact relationships with this group remain uncertain. Araripescolia shares with the Scoliinae (sensu Rasnitsyn 1993, including the Campsomerinae and Colpinae sensu Argaman 1996) the following characters: the costal vein is confluent before the pterostigma, while it is interrupted in the Proscoliinae and in Archaeoscoliinae (Rasnitsyn, pers. comm.); the radial vein is uninterrupted in the Scoliinae, while it is very narrow at the pterostigmal base in Proscoliinae and almost interrupted in some Archaeoscoliinae (Day et al. 1981, Rasnitsyn & Martínez-Delclòs 1999). The character ‘interruptions of costal and radial veins’ is the general ‘rule’ in the clade that comprises the Scoliidae, Formicidae and Apoidea. Thus the absence of interruption would rather be an apomorphic character, supporting a position of Araripescolia in the Scoliinae sensu Rasnitsyn (1993) and a possible basal position for the Proscoliinae. Araripescolia differs from the Campsomerinae Betrem, 1972 (sensu Argaman 1996) (a group reduced to the two genera Carbonelis Betrem, 1972 and Dasyscolia Bradley, 1951), in the presence of a fore wing cell 1 + 2 Rs with a anterior side long and the presence of a closed cell 3 Rs. Araripescolia differs from the modern Scoliinae (sensu Argaman, 1996) in the presence of two veins ending in cell 1 + 2 Rs and therefore it would rather fall near the Colpinae Argaman, 1996. Some Colpinae have long closed cells 2 R 1 and 3 Rs as in Araripescolia but they generally differ from Araripescolia in their cell 1 + 2 Rs with anterior side much shorter (or reduced to a point) (Betrem 1972, Argaman 1996). Unfortunately the body structures of Araripescolia are not enough well preserved to be compared to those of the modern Scoliidae. The hind wing cell 1 Rs closed of Araripescolia is quite a rare character in Apocrita and can be considered as an autapomorphy of this taxon (Rasnitsyn, pers. comm.) Most modern scoliid species are external parasitoids of soil-inhabiting scarab beetle larvae. The Scarabaeidae are well known in the Early Cretaceous, and dung beetles are recorded from the Crato formation (Wolf- Schwenninger & Schawaller 2007) suggesting a similar biology for these Cretaceous Scoliidae. Modern scoliid adults are frequently floricolous and could participate to pollination, but it is delicate to infer such behaviours for the Early Cretaceous.Published as part of Nel, André, Escuillie, François & Garrouste, Romain, 2013, A new scoliid wasp in the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae), pp. 395-400 in Zootaxa 3717 (3) on pages 396-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/22196
Lodevoisadia Nel & Kundura & Pouillon & Garrouste & Jouault 2022, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Lodevoisadia gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CB082E08-C310-4BBD-ACE8-FEFA3D7DC580 Type species Lodevoisadia coheni gen. et sp. nov. Diagnosis Costal area narrow; ScP ending into C; RP simple; MA simple; MP forked; CuA1 with three branches; CuA2 simple; arculus m-cua present between M and CuA1; areas between RA and RP, RP and MA, and between MA and MP distally widened; few simple crossveins between RP, MA, and MP. Etymology The genus name is a combination of the town of Lodève and the genus name Isadia. Gender feminine.Published as part of Nel, André, Kundura, Jean-Paul, Pouillon, Jean-Marc, Garrouste, Romain & Jouault, Corentin, 2022, A new ' grylloblattodean' genus and species (Insecta: Polyneoptera) from the middle Permian Salagou Formation (France), pp. 77-84 in European Journal of Taxonomy 852 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.852.2011, http://zenodo.org/record/745902
Afrocladus pumilio Nel, Garrouste & Prokop, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textAfrocladus pumilio sp. nov. (Figure 1–2) Material. Holotype specimen NHM II 3070, Natural History Museum, London, UK. Etymology. Named after the very small size of this wing. Age and outcrop. Late Permian (?), Mombasa Basin, Lower unit of Maji ya Chumvi Formation, Duruma Sandstones series, Karoo supergroup, Kenya. Diagnosis. Based on hind (?) wing venation only, wing shorter than that of Afrocladus kenyaensis, RP not closely parallel to RA near its base, CuA with only three anterior branches instead of four in Afrocladus kenyaensis. Description. Single wing with costo-apical part missing, 5.5 mm long, 1.76 mm wide; simple, straight, concave ScP closely parallel to Radius, 0.1 mm apart, ending on costa 2.6 mm from wing base; area between ScP and costal margin narrow, 0.2 mm wide, without visible crossveins or veinlets; radial stem straight, with RP separating from RA 2.1 mm from wing base; RA straight, with apex missing; slightly concave RP with two visible branches; RP touching median vein near its base; slightly concave median vein divided into two parallel branches 1.7 mm from wing base; a brace m-cua between M and CuA 1.1 mm from wing base; CuA and CuP emerging from a common stem; convex CuA anteriorly pectinate with three parallel simple branches less convex than main stem of CuA; concave CuP simple, weakly curved with a rather narrow area between it and CuA, 0.35 mm wide; area between CuP and posterior wing margin 0.7 mm wide; first anal vein convex, simple, weakly curved; second anal vein with two posterior branches; two further anal veins more weakly indicated; several simple crossveins present between branches of M and RP; all branches of RP, M and CuA weakly curved and parallel.Published as part of Nel, Andre, Garrouste, Romain & Prokop, Jakub, 2015, The first African Anthracoptilidae (Insecta: Paoliida) near the Permian — Triassic boundary in Kenya, pp. 145-150 in Zootaxa 3925 (1) on pages 146-147, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/23474
Eocenotrichia magnifica Garrouste, Azar & Nel, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textEocenotrichia magnifica sp. nov. Figs. 1–4 Material. Holotype PA 16841, stored in the Laboratory of Palaeontology, MNHN, Paris, France. Etymology. Named after the excellent preservation of the type specimen. Type horizon. Lowermost Eocene, Sparnacian, level MP 7 of the mammal fauna of Dormaal. Type locality. Le Quesnoy, Chevrière, region of Creil, Oise department, France. Diagnosis. As for the genus (vide supra); vein R 4 sigmoidal. Description. Body length 7.6 mm [female]. Head 0.75 mm long, 0.96 mm high, higher than long, subspherical, female with broad, raised postocular ridge; antenna elongate, 0.46 mm long, cylindrical, length 0.6 × head length; antennal style terminal, flagellum 0.3 mm long, notched; frons flat, not protruding anteriorly; mouthparts well developed, 0.42 mm long, distinctly shorter than head length; thorax 1.9 mm long, 1.7 mm high, scutum with dense pile of semi-appressed, very small setae; wing 4.2 mm long, ca. 1.3 mm wide; vein M 1 joining with R 5, cell r 5 petiolate to wing margin, cell r 5 large, 1.8 mm long, 0.4 mm wide; R 5 +M 1 0.2 mm long, ending at wing apex; R 4 sigmoidal, 0.6 mm long, emerging in distal third of cell [r 5]; apex of R 2 + 3 not far from level of base of R 4; vein M 2 absent; vein M 4 originating on discal cell and fused with M 3; costal margin ending at apex of vein R 5 +M 1; cubital veins terminating before wing margin; abdomen elongate and broad, width equal to thorax; abdomen 3.8 mm long, 1.2 mm wide; female genitalia: tergite 10 narrow and band-like, acanthophorite spines present, well developed in a marginal row; sternite 8 slightly shorter than tergite 8, posteriorly rounded. Male unknown. Discussion. Eocenotrichia gen. nov. is placed in the Scenopididae for the wing vein M 4 originating on the discal cell and fused with M 3; in the Scenopidinae for the cubital veins terminating before wing margin, vein M 2 absent, cell [m 1] wide, and in the Metatrichini Winterton & Ware, 2015 for the wing vein M 1 fused to R 5 (Winterton & Ware, 2015). Following the key to scenopinid genera of Winterton & Gharali (2011), within this tribe, Eocenotrichia runs to Propebrevitrichia Kelsey, 1969 in their couplet 25, for the following characters: mouthparts not atrophied; head shorter than high; relatively delicate flies with narrow tapered abdomen; antennal flagellum broad, notched apically; wing with vein R 4 branching from R 5 along distal half of cell [r 5]; female acanthophorite spines present well developed. It shares with Propebrevitrichia, the sister group of all other Metatrichini, the presence of female acanthophorite spines developed in a marginal row (plesiomorphic state for character 28 in Winterton & Ware, 2015), However, Eocenotrichia differs from this genus in that tergite 8 is slightly longer than sternite 8, and the body size is greater than 7 mm instead of being less than 4 mm long (Kelsey, 1969, 1971, 1976; Winterton, 2005). Remarks. As Propebrevitrichia is a South African genus that is the sister group of the clade that comprises all other modern Metatrichini, Winterton & Ware (2015: 23) proposed an African origin of the entire clade during the Late Cretaceous. The present discovery of a Metatrichini in the Earliest Eocene supports the age proposed by these author for this clade. However, the reduced contacts between the African plate and Europe during the period from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene, questions their hypothesis of an African origin for the Metatrichini. The modern Scenopinidae have predacious larvae associated with wood-boring larvae, termites, woodrat nests, bird’s nests, and carpet beetle larvae (Kelsey, 1981). Birds, termites and Dermestidae are recorded from the Oise amber, suggesting similar biology for Eocenotrichia (Nel & Bourguet, 2006; Kirejtshuk & Nel, 2013).Published as part of Garrouste, Romain, Azar, Dany & Nel, Andre, 2016, The oldest accurate record of Scenopinidae in the Lowermost Eocene amber of France (Diptera: Brachycera), pp. 444-450 in Zootaxa 4093 (3) on pages 445-446, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4093.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/25532
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