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Fig. 1. A in Scientific Note The more stirring the better: cichlid fishes associate with foraging potamotrygonid rays
No full textFig. 1. A freshwater ray (Potamotrygon motoro) forages with use of "undulate the disc and stir substrate" tactic. Note fine clouds of sediment adjacent to the ray.Published as part of Garrone-Neto, Domingos & Sazima, Ivan, 2009, Scientific Note The more stirring the better: cichlid fishes associate with foraging potamotrygonid rays, pp. 499-501 in Neotropical Ichthyology 7 (3) on page 500, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252009000300018, http://zenodo.org/record/542091
Fig. 1 in Scientific Note Stirring, charging, and picking: hunting tactics of potamotrygonid rays in the upper Paraná River
No full textFig. 1. Two hunting behaviors of potamotrygonid rays. Potamotrygon falkneri undulating its disc close to the bottom, stirring the substrate and uncovering hidden prey (a), and Potamotrygon orbignyi approaching a tree stump to pick snails adhered above water surface (not visible on the photograph) (b). The former species is from the study area mentioned in this paper, whereas the latter species was observed in the Maranhão River in Goiás State, Central Brazil.Published as part of Garrone-Neto, Domingos & Sazima, Ivan, 2009, Scientific Note Stirring, charging, and picking: hunting tactics of potamotrygonid rays in the upper Paraná River, pp. 113-116 in Neotropical Ichthyology 7 (1) on page 114, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252009000100015, http://zenodo.org/record/542045
The more stirring the better: cichlid fishes associate with foraging potamotrygonid rays
Full text linkUma tática de caça das raias de água doce (Potamotrygonidae), chamada de ondular o disco e agitar o substrato, é aqui relatada como atrativa para Cichlidae em dois locais da bacia do alto rio Paraná. As espécies de raias envolvidas nesta associação são Potamotrygon falkneri e P. motoro, cuja atividade atrai quatro espécies de ciclídeos, Crenicichla britskii, Satanoperca pappaterra, Cichla kelberi e Geophagus proximus, as duas últimas exóticas à área de estudo. Os ciclídeos se aproximam de uma raia quando esta começa a remexer o substrato e formar nuvens de sedimento, e permanecem na proximidade da raia apenas durante esta atividade. A associação é aqui considerada como comportamento de seguir, ainda que transitório.One hunting tactic of freshwater rays (Potamotrygonidae), termed undulate the disc and stir substrate, is here reported to attract cichlids at two sites in the upper Paraná River. The ray species involved in such association are Potamotrygon falkneri and P. motoro, whose activity attract four cichlid species, namely Crenicichla britskii, Satanoperca pappaterra, Cichla kelberi, and Geophagus proximus, the two latter non-native species to the study area. The cichlids approach a ray when it begins to stir the substrate and form sediment clouds, and remain close to the ray during this activity only. The association is here regarded as following behavior even if very transient.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Estadual de Campinas Museu de ZoologiaUniversidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Zoologi
The ichthyofauna of a coastal stream in Cananeia - SP: composition, natural history and its use in the implementation of sustainable tourism activity
No full textNeste trabalho estudamos a composição, distribuição e história natural da comunidade de peixes em um riacho litorâneo da Mata Atlântica. Além disso, relatamos um estudo de caso envolvendo a utilização desta ictiofauna como ferramenta de divulgação e conscientização ambiental, no âmbito do projeto “Peixes do Lagamar”. Conduzimos os estudos ictiofaunísticos em três trechos do rio das Minas, no município de Cananeia, litoral sul do estado de São Paulo. Apesar de estar localizado, em sua maior parte, dentro do Parque Estadual do Lagamar de Cananeia, o rio das Minas não possuía registros a respeito de sua ictiofauna. Realizamos observações diretas (mergulho livre) e indiretas (BRUVS – Baited Remotely Underwater Video Station) durante dois anos (2017 e 2018) e coletas tradicionais (covo, picaré, puçá etc.) somente em uma campanha (set./2017). Ao todo, registramos 31 espécies, pertencentes a 14 famílias e cinco ordens, com 28 espécies no trecho a jusante, 17 no trecho intermediário e seis a montante, fato que esteve relacionado ao gradiente altitudinal existente entre os pontos de coleta. Descrevemos dois comportamentos para Geophagus brasiliensis: i) uma nova tática de forrageamento e ii) uma associação alimentar do tipo “nuclear-seguidor” com o lambari Deuterodon iguape. De forma complementar, realizamos estudos de capacidade de suporte no rio das Minas e em um outro riacho da região, o rio Mandira, identificando áreas com potencial de receber visitantes para a prática de atividades de flutuação e sugerindo medidas de manejo para esse fim. Promovemos cursos de capacitação para os moradores do entorno desses riachos, objetivando formar condutores locais aptos a fornecerem informações a respeito da ictiofauna e de turismo subaquático de mínimo impacto. Além disso, produzimos diferentes materiais que auxiliaram na disseminação e execução do projeto, além de promover a divulgação da fauna de peixes de riacho e a necessidade da sua conservação. A riqueza de espécies observada para o rio das Minas foi superior ao que se conhece para outros riachos litorâneos da Mata Atlântica, demonstrando a importância dos inventários em áreas relevantes para a conservação deste bioma. A descrição de dois novos comportamentos para peixes de riachos ressaltou a importância dos estudos naturalísticos para o melhor conhecimento das interações existentes nestes ambientes. A união de pesquisa e extensão reforçou o potencial de ações dessa natureza em transformar a realidade de pequenas comunidades, apresentando novas opções de fonte de renda e educação ambiental, utilizando os peixes de riachos e estes ambientes como cenário.In this work, we study the composition, distribution and natural history of the fish community in a coastal stream of the Atlantic Forest. In addition, we report a case study involving the use of this ichthyofauna as a tool for dissemination and environmental awareness, within the scope of the "Peixes do Lagamar" project. We conducted the ichthyofaunistic studies in three stretches of the Rio das Minas, in the municipality of Cananeia, south coast of the state of São Paulo. Despite being located, for the most part, within the Lagamar de Cananeia State Park, the Rio das Minas had no records regarding its ichthyofauna. We conducted direct observations (snorkelling) and indirect observations (BRUVS - Baited Remotely Underwater Video Station) for two years (2017 and 2018) and traditional captures (fish trap, seine net, dip net and hook) in only one campaign (sep/2017). In total, we recorded 31 species, belonging to 14 families and five orders, with 28 species in the downstream section, 17 in the intermediate section and six upstream, a fact that was related to the altitudinal gradient existing between the collection points. We describe two behaviours for Geophagus brasiliensis: i) a new foraging tactic and ii) a "nuclear-follower" food association with tetra Deuterodon iguape. In addition, we carried out studies of carrying capacity in the Rio das Minas and another stream in the region, the Rio Mandira, identifying areas with potential to receive visitors for the practice of flotation activities and suggesting management measures for this purpose. We promote training courses for residents of the areas close of these streams, aiming to train local guides able to provide information on the ichthyofauna and underwater tourism with minimal impact. In addition, we produced different materials that aided in the dissemination and execution of the project, as well as promoting the dissemination of the stream fish fauna and the need for its conservation. The species richness observed for the Rio das Minas was superior to what is known for other coastal streams of the Atlantic Forest, demonstrating the importance of inventories in areas relevant to the conservation of this biome. The description of two new behaviours for stream fish emphasized the importance of naturalistic studies to better understand the interactions existing in these environments. The union of research and extension reinforced the potential of such actions in transforming the reality of small communities, presenting new sources of income and environmental education, using the stream fish and these environments as scenery.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CAPES: 176821
Assessment and improvement of fishing data from elasmobranchs on the southern coast of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
No full textA baixa qualidade dos boletins de pesca, ausência completa de dados para alguns anos ou áreas e o distanciamento entre aqueles que monitoram a pesca com aqueles que vivem dela, são dois dos principais desafios a serem superados no aprimoramento da gestão de pesca de elasmobrânquios no Brasil. A utilização do conhecimento ecológico local (CEL) dos integrantes das comunidades pesqueiras e o conhecimento científico (CC) de pesquisadores no monitoramento da pesca, é uma boa estratégia para auxiliar nessa questão. No presente trabalho, com base em ações desenvolvidas em uma área considerada hotspot de biodiversidade e que apresenta um dos monitoramentos pesqueiros mais antigos do Brasil, foi estruturada uma sequência de capítulos para testar a hipótese que um monitoramento integrado, unindo o CEL e CC pode gerar dados mais adequados para a gestão pesqueira. Os três primeiros capítulos foram produzidos para se estabelecer um panorama real entre as três vertentes de dados utilizados, o CC histórico e contemporâneo, CEL e o monitoramento pesqueiro clássico (MPC). No capítulo 1, já publicado, verificou-se que a área de estudo, mesmo com uma lacuna de 40 anos na produção de estudos direcionados à biodiversidade de elasmobrânquios, apresenta o registro de 62 espécies (36 tubarões e 26 raias). No capítulo 2, identificou-se um rico histórico pesqueiro revelado pelo CEL dos pescadores, com boa capacidade de identificação de alguns grupos de espécies e descrição dos eventos relacionados a pesca de tubarões e raias, incluindo mais uma espécie de tubarão registrada. No capítulo 3, após uma avaliação da qualidade taxonômica e a participação de categorias de pesca de diferentes níveis taxonômicos, identificou-se que as informações obtidas para a elaboração dos capítulos 1 e 2 não estão refletidas nos boletins de pesca oficiais, onde menos de 20% das espécies que são consideradas recursos pesqueiros estão representadas e mais de 90% das informações coletadas fazem referência a uma categoria de pesca, com resolução taxonômica muito baixa (e.g. “cações-agrupados”). As informações dos três primeiros capítulos formaram a base do quarto, onde foi construído um monitoramento pesqueiro participativo (MPP), baseado no auto-reporte de pescadores, guias de pesca e comerciantes, a fim de testar uma estratégia de aprimoramento dos dados pesqueiros de tubarões e raias. Neste capítulo, foi registrado uma grande participação popular, resultando no monitoramento de 1061 viagens, com reportes de alta qualidade taxonômica e identificação de 55 espécies, com a adição de uma nova espécie de tubarão e outra de raia, em relação à riqueza encontrada nos três primeiros capítulos. A vara de mão e o emalhe de fundo foram os aparelhos de pesca mais representativos na pesca amadora e comercial, respectivamente. Concentrações de áreas de pesca foram observadas nas entradas dos estuários, próximo a ilhas costeiras, fundos de cascalho e parcéis. Valores de captura por unidade de esforço (CPUE) por kg e por número de indivíduos mostraram um declínio anual, mas sem diferenças sazonais. Entretanto, houve uma marcada mudança sazonal na composição de espécies. Espécies de extinção, proibidas de retenção a bordo/comercialização (Sphyrna spp., Squatina spp. e Atlantoraja spp.) e permitidas (Rhizoprionodon spp., Carcharhinus brevipinna, C. limbatus, C. falciformis e Galeocerdo cuvier) foram presentes nos desembarques e descartes (reportados espontaneamente). Informações morfométricas (comprimento total, furcal, eviscerado, entre dorsais etc.) também foram obtidas em todas as amostragens presenciais, assim como peso e sexo. Desta forma, a grande quantidade de informações refinadas obtidas de modo participativo neste capítulo (que também incluiu o registro após o fim das coletas, de mais duas novas espécies de tubarões e outra de raia e a redescoberta de uma população de um tubarão após 50 anos), permite aceitar a hipótese de estudo, indicando a metodologia participativa como de grande importância para o avanço da gestão de pesca de elasmobrânquios no Brasil.The low quality of fishing reports, complete absence of data for some years or areas and the distance between fishers and managers are two of the main challenges to be overcome in improving elasmobranch fisheries management in Brazil. The use of local ecological knowledge (LEC) of members of fishing communities and scientific knowledge (CC) of researchers in monitoring fisheries is a good strategy to help with this issue. In the present work, based on actions developed in an area considered a biodiversity hotspot and which presents one of the oldest fishing monitoring systems in Brazil, a sequence of chapters was structured to test the hypothesis that an integrated monitoring, joining the CEL and CC can generate more adequate data for fisheries management. The first three chapters were produced to establish a real panorama between the three strands of data used, the historical and contemporary CC, CEL and classic fisheries monitoring (CPM). In chapter 1, already published, it was verified that the study area, even with a 40-year gap in the production of studies directed to the biodiversity of elasmobranchs, presents the record of 62 species (36 sharks and 26 rays). In chapter 2, a rich fishing history was identified, revealed by the fisher's LEK, with good identification capacity of some groups of species and description of events related to shark and ray fishing, including one more registered shark species. In chapter 3, after an assessment of the taxonomic quality and the participation of fishing categories of different taxonomic levels, it was identified that the information obtained for the preparation of chapters 1 and 2 are not reflected in the official fishing bulletins, where less than 20 % of the species that are considered fishery resources are represented and more than 90% of the information collected refer to a fishing category, with very low taxonomic resolution (e.g. grouped sharks). The information from the first three chapters formed the basis of the fourth, where a participatory fisheries monitoring (MPP) was built, based on self-reports by fishers, fishing guides and merchants, in order to test a strategy for improving fisheries data on sharks and rays. In this chapter, a large popular participation was registered, resulting in the monitoring of 1061 trips, with reports of high taxonomic quality and identification of 55 species, with the addition of a new species of shark and another of ray, in relation to the richness found in the three first chapters. The hand rod and bottom gillnet were the most representative fishing devices in recreational and commercial fishing, respectively. Concentrations of fishing areas were observed at estuary entrances, near coastal islands, gravel bottoms and rocky reefs. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) values per kg and per number of individuals showed an annual decline, but without seasonal differences. However, there was a marked seasonal change in species composition. Endangered species, prohibited from retention on board/marketing (Sphyrna spp., Squatina spp. and Atlantoraja spp.) and permitted (Rhizoprionodon spp., Carcharhinus brevipinna, C. limbatus, C. falciformis and Galeocerdo cuvier) were present in 10 the landings and discards (spontaneously reported). Morphometric information (total, furcal, eviscerated, between dorsal lengths, etc.) was also obtained in all face-to-face samplings, as well as weight and gender. In this way, the large amount of refined information obtained in a participatory way in this chapter (which also included the registration after the end of the collections, of two more new species of sharks and another of ray and the rediscovery of a population of a shark after 50 years), allows accepting the study hypothesis, indicating the participatory methodology as of great importance for the advancement of elasmobranch fisheries management in Brazil.OutraCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)CAPES: 88887.601984/2021-00FUNBIO: 99/2019Instituto Linha d'Água: 0102202
Considerações sobre a reprodução de duas espécies de raias (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae) na região do Alto Rio Paraná, Sudeste do Brasil
No full textThis article presents preliminary information about the reproduction of two species of freshwater stingrays of the genus Potamotrygon, found in the Upper Parana River (Southwest Brazil), where these animals are exotic. Males of P. motoro and P. falkneri become sexually mature around 270 mm and 260 mm of disc width (DW), respectively. Females become sexually mature around 330 mm of DW in P. motoro and 325 mm in P. falkneri. In both species, females are bigger and heavier than males, reaching about 700 mm of DW and 20 kg. Copulating has not been recorded, but one courtship ritual has been observed during the dry season. Mature males present a different dentition from females and young males, which is probably related to their reproductive behavior instead of to their feeding habit. The female fertility has varied from one to three offspring. A miscarriage has been observed at different stages of embryonic development always when pregnant females were captured. In spite of the great history of anthropization of the study area, it seems that hydrological cycles are related to the reproduction of stingrays. Nevertheless, it would be necessary to conduct deeper studies to verify or not this influence
Considerações sobre a reprodução de duas espécies de raias (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae) na região do Alto Rio Paraná, Sudeste do Brasil
No full textThis article presents preliminary information about the reproduction of two species of freshwater stingrays of the genus Potamotrygon, found in the Upper Parana River (Southwest Brazil), where these animals are exotic. Males of P. motoro and P. falkneri become sexually mature around 270 mm and 260 mm of disc width (DW), respectively. Females become sexually mature around 330 mm of DW in P. motoro and 325 mm in P. falkneri. In both species, females are bigger and heavier than males, reaching about 700 mm of DW and 20 kg. Copulating has not been recorded, but one courtship ritual has been observed during the dry season. Mature males present a different dentition from females and young males, which is probably related to their reproductive behavior instead of to their feeding habit. The female fertility has varied from one to three offspring. A miscarriage has been observed at different stages of embryonic development always when pregnant females were captured. In spite of the great history of anthropization of the study area, it seems that hydrological cycles are related to the reproduction of stingrays. Nevertheless, it would be necessary to conduct deeper studies to verify or not this influence
Considerations on the reproduction of two species of stingrays (Myliobatiformes, Potamotrygonidae) in the Upper Parana River, southeastern Brazil.
Full text linkThis article presents preliminary information about the reproduction of two species of freshwater stingrays of the genus Potamotrygon, found in the Upper Parana River (Southwest Brazil), where these animals are exotic. Males of P. motoro and P. falkneri become sexually mature around 270 mm and 260 mm of disc width (DW), respectively. Females become sexually mature around 330 mm of DW in P. motoro and 325 mm in P. falkneri. In both species, females are bigger and heavier than males, reaching about 700 mm of DW and 20 kg. Copulating has not been recorded, but one courtship ritual has been observed during the dry season. Mature males present a different dentition from females and young males, which is probably related to their reproductive behavior instead of to their feeding habit. The female fertility has varied from one to three offspring. A miscarriage has been observed at different stages of embryonic development always when pregnant females were captured. In spite of the great history of anthropization of the study area, it seems that hydrological cycles are related to the reproduction of stingrays. Nevertheless, it would be necessary to conduct deeper studies to verify or not this influence.Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Instituto de Biociencias, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratorio de Ictiologia, CP 510, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, BrazilUniversidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Instituto de Biociencias, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratorio de Ictiologia, CP 510, 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazi
Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes, 1847 (Elopiformes, Megalopidae): new records for the state of São Paulo, with comments on its occurrence in the southeastern coast of Brazil, Southwest Atlantic
No full textNew records of Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes, 1847 in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, are reported from recreational catches carried out in February 2017. Data collected is the first occurrence of this species in more than 50 years, extending its geographic distribution by about 250 km, from Cananéia, in the south, to Guarujá, on the central coast. Although rarely recorded, M. atlanticus is present off the coast of São Paulo. This possibly represents the southernmost distribution for M. atlanticus in the Southwest Atlantic
Nuclear-follower foraging associations among Characiformes fishes and Potamotrygonidae rays in clean waters environments of Teles Pires and Xingu rivers basins, Midwest Brazil
Full text linkPor meio de observações sub e supra-aquáticas foram registradas associações alimentares do tipo nuclear-seguidor entre três espécies de peixes characiformes - Chalceus epakros, Hemiodus semitaeniatus e Hemiodus unimaculatus - e uma espécie de raia de água doce - Potamotrygon orbignyi - nas bacias dos rios Teles Pires e Xingu, no Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os peixes teleósteos foram observados seguindo as raias quando estas revolviam o substrato à procura de invertebrados, formando discretas nuvens de sedimento. Essas situações atraíram os peixes que se aproximaram das raias para se alimentar de pequenas presas e outros tipos de alimentos expostos desta forma. Esse é um típico exemplo de relação comensal onde um participante é beneficiado enquanto o outro não é prejudicado e representa o segundo registro na literatura de associação alimentar do tipo nuclear-seguidor entre raias potamotrigonídeas e peixes teleósteos, demonstrando o potencial de estudos naturalísticos para a descoberta de novas interações envolvendo espécies de peixes de água doce.During under and overwater observations were recorded nuclear-follower foraging associations among three species of characiform fishes - Chalceus epakros, Hemiodus semitaeniatus and Hemiodus unimaculatus - and a freshwater stingray species - Potamotrygon orbignyi - in the Teles Pires and Xingu rivers basins, Midwest Brazil. The teleost fishes were observed closely following the stingrays during the behavior of stirring the substrate to uncover invertebrates, which cause discrete sediment clouds. Apparently this sediment perturbation attracts the fishes that approached the foraging stingrays to feed on small preys and other food types exposed this way. This is a typical example of a commensal relationship in which one participant is benefited while the other is unaffected, and represents the second published record of nuclear-follower feeding association between potamotrygonid rays and teleost fishes, demonstrating the potential of naturalistic studies in discovering new interactions involving species of freshwater fish.Fundação Nacional do Indio (FUNAI)United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)Universidade Estadual PaulistaUniversidade Federal do Mato GrossoUniversidade Estadual Paulist
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