10 research outputs found
Análise Técnica das Condições de Segurança e Saúde Ocupacionais no Trabalho Rural Escravo dos Séculos XIX e XXI
Get PDFOccupational Conditions in Brazilian Modern Rural Slave Labour
No full textWork in rural properties in conditions similar to slavery remains a reality in many countries, including Brazil. The Brazilian State characterises contemporary slave labour as a condition of freedom restriction for paying off debt, served by intensive working hours or inadequate working conditions related to Occupational Safety and Health. This study highlights the working conditions in rural slavery in Brazil, based on the Occupational Safety and Health perspective. The study was carried out based on a sample of Inspection Reports of the Governmental Authority to Combat Modern Slavery. A random sample of 42 reports was collected and analysed, describing the working conditions of 392 rural workers characterised as labour analogous to slavery. The analysis strategy was carried out from an Occupational Safety and Health standpoint. Data sets were identified and selected, grouped into five categories: Work routine; General health conditions; Manual machines and tools; Environmental conditions. Widespread exposure of Neo-enslaved workers to stressful working hours was found, in addition to severe Occupational Safety and Health problems. The occurrence of all these characteristics simultaneously was the most observed phenomenon among the sample, which demonstrates that it is possible to identify cases of modern slavery from an Occupational Safety and Health perspective
Slave labor in colonial and imperial Brazil: thematic review of descriptive studies
Get PDFThe Brazilian economy was until the end of the 19th century based on slave labor, in particular on the agricultural component. This work aims to obtain, through a review of historical, descriptive studies, a detailed view of the slaves working conditions. The following databases searched were: Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Criminal Justice, Ebsco Business Source Complete, with time cut started in 2014, as well as original historical documents. Descriptive studies were selected, without language restriction, involving the rural working conditions of slaves in colonial and imperial Brazil. The general working conditions were evaluated: the age at which children and adolescents started work; daily and weekly working time; description of activities performed by adult slaves. The studies and texts analyzed indicated the existence of similar working conditions among slaves in the most diverse regions of Brazil, even on farms with distinct agricultural
Modern Slavery Characterisation through the Analysis of Energy Replenishment
No full textThe Brazilian economy was, until the end of the 19th Century, based on slave labour. However, in this first quarter of the 21st Century, the problem persists. These situations tend to be mistaken with “simple” violations of labour laws. This work aims to establish Occupational Health and Safety parameters, focusing on energy needs, to distinguish between the breach of labour legislation and modern rural slavery in the 21st Century in Brazil. In response to this challenge, bibliographical research was carried out on the feeding and energy replenishment conditions of Brazilian slaves in the 19th Century. Obtained data were compared with a sample where 392 cases of neo-slavery in Brazil are described. The energy spent and the energy supplied was calculated to identify the enslaved workers’ general feeding conditions in the two historical periods. The general conditions of food and water supply were analysed. It was possible to identify three comparable parameters: food quality, food quantity, and water supply. It was concluded that there is a parallelism of energy replenishment conditions between Brazilian slaves and neo-slaves of the 19th and 21st centuries, respectively, different from that of free workers. This difference can help authorities identify and punish instances of modern slavery
Characterisation of Contemporary Slavery through the Analysis of Accommodation Conditions
Get PDFSlave labour or work in conditions analogous to slavery continues on all continents and sometimes tends to be mistaken for “simple” violations of labour laws. Therefore, this work aims to identify parameters that allow distinguishing between situations of non-compliance with labour legislation and modern rural slavery in Brazil through the analysis of accommodation conditions. To achieve this objective, a bibliographic research was developed in six databases on sanitary, accommodation and clothing issues of enslaved workers in the 19th century in Brazil. The resulting data were compared with data from a sample of 392 proven cases of neoslavery detected between 2007 and 2017 in Brazil. The analysis focused on the general conditions of the physical structures necessary to protect workers against bad weather, animal attacks, violence, sanitary conditions to support physiological and asepsis needs, as well as the clothing provided and used. Similarities were found in the accommodation conditions between enslaved and neoenslaved workers in Brazil between the 19th and 21st centuries. The availability of sanitary conditions (toilets), rest (bedrooms/dormitories), and the general housing structure are very similar. Future research may point towards identifying other parameters and developing a tool to help authorities unequivocally identify neoslavery situations
Occupational Hygiene in Slave Work as a Potential Indicator for Typifying the Neo-Slavery
No full textUntil the end of the 19th-century, the Brazilian economy was dependent on slaves work, particularly in rural areas. However, despite all international conventions and technological development that can replace advantageously human labour, slave work persists not only in Brazil but also in the most unsuspected places all over the world. This chapter aims to obtain, through a review of descriptive historical studies, a framework of the environmental conditions in which slaves performed their work and its implications in cases of accident or occupational disease. Electronic databases searched were Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Criminal Justice, Ebsco, and Business Source Complete. Original historical documents were selected for their description of the rural work of slaves in colonial and imperial Brazil. Occupational hygiene, and environmental and climate conditions were compared with the neo-slaved workers conditions. The analysed studies pointed to the existence of diverse environmental conditions with similar exposure typologies among the slaves and neo-slaves across Brazil, even in distinct agricultural activities. (c) Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
3rd Symposium on Occupational Safety and Health Proceedings Book
No full textThe 3rd Occupational Safety and Health proceedings book is a compilation of the most recent works of students, researchers and professors within the domain of occupational safety and health. The included works are focused on selected topics regarding ergonomics, safety, and health.This proceedings book represents the state of the art and it is mainly based on research carried out at Universities and other research institutions, as well as some case studies. In its scope, this book contains useful and up-to-date information, giving visibility to emerging issues and presenting new solutions in the field of occupational safety and health.The proceedings books is based on selected contributions from the 3rd Doctoral Congress in Engineering, held on the 27th and 28th of June, at Faculty of Engineering of University of Porto, in Porto, Portugal. All the included contributions were revised by, at least, 2 of the 31 international scientific committee members
