1,721,071 research outputs found
Selective attention to threat in childhood anxiety: evidence from visual probe paradigms
No full textVisual probe tasks continue to show promise as a tool with which to clarify biases
in selective attention to threat in child and adolescent anxiety. Research to date has
revealed considerable evidence of greater vigilance to lexical and pictorial threat
(e.g. affective images and emotional facial expressions) in anxious children, with
evidence of avoidance more likely in children who have experienced extreme levels
of threat (physical abuse) and/or are tested in potentially anxiogenic environments
[i.e. withinmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner].While evidence in anxious
children is broadly consistent with findings in adult samples and appears consistent
with predictions from cognitive models of threat processing in anxiety, future
studies need to clarify the development, component processes and time course of
attentional bias in child and adolescent populations. To this end, studies in children
should me mindful of developments in the adult literature, particularly regarding
the psychonomics of visual probe indices of selective attention.
Mechanisms that underlie the development and regulation of attentional bias
to threat throughout childhood remain unclear, and longitudinal studies are
necessary to test predictions from original developmental models and extend
promising initial evidence that supports verbal learning pathways to cognitive
bias. In doing so, interactions between environmental and genetic risk factors that
modulate neural and cognitive mechanisms that underlie bias in selective attention
should be explored.
The clinical utility of attention retraining techniques for child and adolescent
anxiety has yet to be realized; however, evidence from visual probe training
paradigms in adult anxiety and initial findings in children identify attentional bias
as a mechanism through which anxiety may emerge and resolve.
Convergent evidence from concurrent eye tracking and event-related potentials
will help clarify the time course of attention allocation to threat in children,
particularly younger children forwhommanualRTdata alonemay prove insensitive
to individual differences, while continued integration of visual probe paradigms
with functional imaging (e.g. fMRI) techniques will further delineate the neural
structures and functional connectivity involved in the activation and control of selective attention to threat. This data should inform recent connectionist network
models of attentional bias within visual probe tasks (e.g. Frewen et al., 2008) with
a view to providing biologically plausible dynamic models of selective attention to
threat and its developmen
Cognitive biases in social anxiety
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
Dataset in support of the Southampton Doctoral Thesis 'Exploring the psychoneurobiology of the placebo response in gambling, depressive, and anxiety disorders'
No full textThis dataset supports the thesis entitled 'Exploring the Psychoneurobiology of the Placebo Response in Gambling, Depressive, and Anxiety Disorders'
All data are stored as plain text .csv files.
Data supporting Chapter 5 are stored in enasal dataset chapter5.csv. This file includes raw baseline questionnaire trait and personality measures, and raw subjective and autonomic CO2 outcome measures.
Data supporting Chapter 6 are stored in itssad dataset chapter6.csv. This file includes baseline questionnaire trait and personality scores, and calculated scores for subjective mood and anxiety measures for the ITSSAD task.
Data supporting Chapter 4 (systematic review into functional neuroimaging correlates of placebo antidepressant and anxiolytic effects) can be found on [OSF](https://osf.io/fvb3a/).
Date of data collection: 01/01/2020 - 30/10/2022
Funders: Medical Research Council (Grant number MR/T000902/1)
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Anxiety and orienting of gaze to angry and fearful faces
No full textNeuroscience research indicates that individual differences in anxiety may be attributable to a neural system for threat-processing, involving the amygdala, which modulates attentional vigilance, and which is more sensitive to fearful than angry faces. Complementary cognitive studies indicate that high-anxious individuals show enhanced visuospatial orienting towards angry faces, but it is unclear whether fearful faces elicit a similar attentional bias. This study compared biases in initial orienting of gaze to fearful and angry faces, which varied in emotional intensity, in high- and low-anxious individuals. Gaze was monitored while participants viewed a series of face-pairs. Results showed that fearful and angry faces elicited similar attentional biases. High-anxious individuals were more likely to direct gaze at intense negative facial expressions, than low-anxious individuals, whereas the groups did not differ in orienting to mild negative expressions. Implications of the findings for research into the neural and cognitive bases of emotion processing are discussed
Dataset supporting the University of Southampton Doctoral Thesis "Exploring social anxiety in digital platforms within novel experimental laboratory paradigms"
No full textDataset supporting the University of Southampton Doctoral Thesis "Exploring social anxiety in digital platforms within novel experimental laboratory paradigms".
The dataset includes all data that were used in the thesis, for Chapters 2, 3, and 4:
Chapter2_HR_imputedforCCC_copy.csv
Chapter2_co2labdata_sum1.csv
Participant response input was recorded using the Oculus Rift Bluetooth touch controller.
Chapter2_screening_data.csv
This data is collected via telephone.
Chapter3_pro_data_sum.csv
Participant response input was recorded using the Oculus Rift Bluetooth touch controller.
Chapter4_OnlineTrierdata_eligible_121.csv
The videoconferencing session took place on Blackboard Collaborate (https://ca.bbcollab.com/).
Chapter4_OnlineTrierdata_full.csv
Data were collected via Qualtrics.
The data is accessible via CC BY licence</span
SPSS dataset: Sleep and circadian factors in adolescent anxiety
No full textAnonymised quantitative data collected for the thesis entitled, 'The wake-up call we keep ‘snoozing’: The role of sleep and circadian factors in adolescent anxiety'. Participants completed an online survey on Qualtrics which included questionnaires and behavioural tasks. This dataset is an SPSS file.</span
Threat acquisition and extinction differences between patients with panic disorder or specific phobia and non-clinical controls: a systematic review
No full textThe study of threat conditioning and extinction processes in anxiety disorders (AD) may further our understanding of the genesis, maintenance, and treatment of these conditions. As it stands, there have been multiple systematic reviews carried out in this area. Patient-control differences in threat acquisition and extinction have been investigated in relation to ADs, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, this remains to be investigated in either panic disorder (PD) or specific phobia (SP). In this paper, a narrative systematic review was carried out to collate and critically assess the literature investigating patient-control differences in threat acquisition, extinction, and extinction retention processes in relation to PD and SP separately. Specifically, across fMRI, EEG, EMG, SCR, and self-report. This resulted in the inclusion of 14 PD studies and 7 SP studies. Across PD studies, the review identified reliable evidence for lowered discrimination between conditioned threat and safety cues, and mixed evidence for increased responding to the threat cue, during acquisition in PD patients vs. non-anxious controls. Across SP studies, the review identified strong evidence for heightened discrimination between conditioned threat and safety cues during acquisition, and strong evidence for heightened responding to the threat cue during extinction, in SP patients vs. non-anxious controls. In both PD and SP studies, patient-control differences were identified more frequently in relation to subjective, as opposed to physiological, measures. The findings of this review are then critiqued and compared to the wider literature. Finally, implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed
Fear-relevant selective associations and social anxiety: absence of a positive bias
No full textAn illusory correlation paradigm was used to compare high and low socially anxious individuals’ initial, on-line and a posteriori covariation estimates between emotional faces and aversive, pleasant and neutral outcomes. Overall, participants demonstrated an initial expectancy bias for aversive outcomes following angry faces, and pleasant outcomes following happy faces. On-line expectancy biases indicated that initial biases were extinguished during the task, with the exception of low socially anxious individuals who continued to over-associate positive social cues with pleasant outcomes. In addition to lacking this protective positive on-line bias, the high social anxiety group reported retrospectively more negative social cues than the low socially anxious group. Findings are discussed in relation to similar evidence from recent interpretive and memory paradigms
Orienting and maintenance of gaze to facial expressions in social anxiety
No full textIn 2 experiments, the authors tested predictions from cognitive models of social anxiety regarding attentional biases for social and nonsocial cues by monitoring eye movements to pictures of faces and objects in high social anxiety (HSA) and low social anxiety (LSA) individuals. Under no-stress conditions (Experiment 1), HSA individuals initially directed their gaze toward neutral faces, relative to objects, more often than did LSA participants. However, under social-evaluative stress (Experiment 2), HSA individuals showed reduced biases in initial orienting and maintenance of gaze on faces (cf. objects) compared with the LSA group. HSA individuals were also relatively quicker to look at emotional faces than neutral faces but looked at emotional faces for less time, compared with LSA individuals, consistent with a vigilant-avoidant pattern of bias
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