780 research outputs found
Interplay of Nanog and microRNAs in controlling stemness and proliferation in Neural Stem Cells
No full textThe maintenance of Neural Stem Cells (NSC) from different niches of embryonic or postnatal forebrain (subventricular zone and hippocampus) as well as cerebellum is promoted by a number of stemness genes (e.g. Nanog, Oct4, Sox2). Inspite of our good understanding of the mechanisms regulating these stemness drivers, there is a poor knowledge about their target genes, whereby stem cell features are regulated. We identify herein miR-17/92 cluster as a target of Nanog. Nanog controls miR-17/92 cluster by binding to the upstream regulatory region and enhancing its transcription in NSC. Whereas miR-17/92 expression is upregulated in NSC, it decreases alongside differentiation and cell maturation. MiR-17 family further enhances both clonogenicity and proliferation of NSC. Conversely, antagonizing miR-17 family yields an opposing effect. MiR-17 family has a number of potential targets involved in cell cycle and proliferation. We identify here the Transformation related protein 53-induced nuclear protein 1 (TRP53INP1), a proapoptotic stress-induced p53 target gene. MiR-17 family expression paralleled the reduced TRP53INP1 levels. Silencing TRP53INP1 in NSC enhances both self-renewal and proliferation. Infact the increase of Nanog and miR-17 family expression helps in transition from G1 to S phase of NSC cycle coinciding with the reduction of TRP53INP1. Collectively, Nanog via miR-17/92 cluster regulates NSC by silencing TRP53INP1. These findings allowed us to expand the regulatory circuitry of p53 signalling via Nanog in NSC and suggested the role of miRNAs in the maintenance of NSC.MARIE CURIE ESR FELLOWSHIP, FP7ITN HEALING Projec
Molecular Aspects of Cancer Cell Metabolism: Altered Glycolysis and Lipid Metabolism
No full textCancer cells have high proliferation rate and therefore require continuous energy source. Metabolic alteration in pathways like glycolysis and lipid metabolism gives a better chance of survival for cancer cells. Cancer cells produce lactic acid from glucose in the presence of oxygen and suppress tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg effect. Cancer cells have the ability to perform de novo synthesis of lipids. These alterations in metabolism of cancer cells provide them multimodal advantages and differentiate them from normal cells. These altered metabolisms can be used for tracking and isolating the cancer cells from normal cell population and further can be targeted for cancer-specific treatment. In this chapter, we have highlighted the cancer cell advantages over normal cell in two specific pathways: Glycolysis and Lipid metabolism. These two strategic pathways are utilized by cancer cells for their survival and progression
The effects of Wnt5a and Wnt3a and PCP signaling on Schwann cell biology and myelination
No full textPlanar cell polarity (PCP) is known as the polarization of cells within the plane of the tissue layer. This form of polarization controls several epithelial and non-epithelial morphological processes, such as the orientation of primary cilia in the inner ear, convergent extension (CE) and directed migration. A three tiered model of PCP regulation has been proposed which consists of the global, core, and effector modules. However there is one addition level of modulation through non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Of the many Wnt proteins a few have been identified to signal primarily through this pathway. One such protein is Wnt5a, which has been shown to modulate PCP during directed cell migration. In this study we gather preliminary data for the presence of PCP signaling components in Schwann cells and investigate the effect of Wnt5a and its antagonist Wnt3a on Schwann cell proliferation, migration and myelination.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Neha Jan
The effects of immediate versus delayed feedback after multiple-choice questions on subsequent exam performance
No full textThis thesis investigates the effects of immediate versus delayed feedback following multiple-choice questions on subsequent performance on multiple-choice and recall questions. In three experiments, students in a college psychology lecture course received immediate or delayed feedback following multiple-choice questions on an initial unit exam which was followed up with exam(s) including both multiple-choice and short-answer questions. In the first experiment, the kind of feedback did not affect performance on the same multiple-choice questions when they were repeated on the final. In the second experiment, two subsequent follow-up exams included first a short-answer version of the multiple-choice question and then the same multiple-choice question. Performance on the short-answer questions was better following delayed feedback than following immediate feedback. However, the kind of feedback had no effect on the performance of the repeated multiple-choice questions. Also, the interval between the initial exam and the follow-up exam had no effect on performance. The third experiment examined whether delayed feedback increased confidence more than immediate feedback and whether the increase in confidence mediated the improved performance on subsequent short-answer questions. The delayed feedback had no effect on confidence for the subsequent short-answer and multiple-choice responses. Together, these results demonstrate that delayed feedback improves performance on the short-answer questions by increasing the subsequent generation of the correct response but does not influence recognition of it.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Neha Sinh
Moral Panic, Social Exclusion and The Human Rights of Same-Sex Partners in Ghana-RETRACTED
Full text linkThis article is retracted :
The retraction is based on the request of the author, Dr. Neha Jain, as it contains some exclusive and private data of a community out of India, that should not be released online. https://doi.org/10.55938/ijgasr.v1i3.20
Sincerely,Editorial Team, IJGASR
Announcement: https://journals.icapsr.com/index.php/ijgasr/announcement/view/17
Proteomic profiling of the local and systemic immune response to pediatric respiratory viral infections
Full text linkViral lower respiratory tract infection (vLRTI) is a leading cause of hospitalization and death in children worldwide. Despite this, no studies have employed proteomics to characterize host immune responses to severe pediatric vLRTI in both the lower airway and systemic circulation. To address this gap, gain insights into vLRTI pathophysiology, and test a novel diagnostic approach, we assayed 1,305 proteins in tracheal aspirate (TA) and plasma from 62 critically ill children using SomaScan. We performed differential expression (DE) and pathway analyses comparing vLRTI (n = 40) to controls with non-infectious acute respiratory failure (n = 22), developed a diagnostic classifier using LASSO regression, and analyzed matched TA and plasma samples. We further investigated the impact of viral load and bacterial coinfection on the proteome. The TA signature of vLRTI was characterized by 200 DE proteins (Padj <0.05) with upregulation of interferons and T cell responses and downregulation of inflammation-modulating proteins including FABP and MIP-5. A nine-protein TA classifier achieved an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90-1.00) for identifying vLRTI. In plasma, the host response to vLRTI was more muted with 56 DE proteins. Correlation between TA and plasma was limited, although ISG15 was elevated in both compartments. In bacterial coinfection, we observed increases in the TNF-stimulated protein TSG-6, as well as CRP, and interferon-related proteins. Viral load correlated positively with interferon signaling and negatively with neutrophil-activation pathways. Taken together, our study provides fresh insights into the lower airway and systemic proteome of severe pediatric vLRTI and identifies novel protein biomarkers with diagnostic potential.IMPORTANCEWe describe the first proteomic profiling of the lower airway and blood in critically ill children with severe viral lower respiratory tract infection (vLRTI). From tracheal aspirate (TA), we defined a proteomic signature of vLRTI characterized by increased expression of interferon signaling proteins and decreased expression of proteins involved in immune modulation including FABP and MIP-5. Using machine learning, we developed a parsimonious diagnostic classifier that distinguished vLRTI from non-infectious respiratory failure with high accuracy. Comparative analysis of paired TA and plasma specimens demonstrated limited concordance, although the interferon-stimulated protein ISG15 was significantly upregulated with vLRTI in both compartments. We further identified TSG-6 and CRP as airway biomarkers of bacterial-viral coinfection, and viral load analyses demonstrated a positive correlation with interferon-related protein expression and a negative correlation with the expression of neutrophil activation proteins. Taken together, our study provides new insights into the lower airway and systemic proteome of severe pediatric vLRTI
Journal of Computer Science & Systems Biology- Open Access www.omicsonline.com Review Article JCSB/Vol.1 2008 PCR Primer Design: DREB Genes
No full textCopyright: © 2008 Garg N, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an enzymatic reaction which follows simple, predictable and well understood principles. Selective amplification of nucleic acid molecules, that are initially present in minute quantities, provides a powerful tool for analyzing nucleic acids. In this context, efficiency and sensitivity of the PCR largely depends on the efficiency of the primers that are employed for the amplification of a concerned gene. Environmental adversities like drought resulting in scarcity of water have detrimental effects on crop yields worldwide. Sustainable agricultural and food productivity requires development of stress resistant plant species like drought resistant crops that can with stand and flourish in scanty water level environments. A key to underlying such attempts is the molecular understanding of the discrete stress processes that are interwoven at multiple levels. In this review, we discuss about some of the contemporary developments in the area of stress resistance by plants along with the various approaches for the PCR primer designing of two key genes involve
Correction to: A cell-cycle signature classifier for pan-cancer analysis
No full textIn the original published version, the list of authors was incomplete. Theodora A. Constantin was missing, and Neha Tabassum and Theodora A. Constantin share first authorship. The correct author list is given above. The original article has been corrected. DOI to original article: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41388-020-01426-
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