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Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)
No full textGarbin, Rafaella C., Karlguth, Deborah T., Fernandes, Daniel S., Pinto, Roberta R. (2016): Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae). Zootaxa 4105 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4105.1.
Hardella Gray 1870
No full textGenus Hardella Gray, 1870 Type species Hardella thurjii (Gray, 1831a). Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters See Hardella thurjii below.Published as part of Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati & Joyce, Walter G., 2020, A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 652 on page 28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.652, http://zenodo.org/record/386023
Fig. 16. BMNH 39837 in A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan
No full textFig. 16. BMNH 39837, referred to Pangshura flaviventer Günther, 1864 by Lydekker (1885a), here identified as Pangshura sp. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of plastron. D. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.Published as part of Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati & Joyce, Walter G., 2020, A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 652 on page 24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.652, http://zenodo.org/record/386023
Fig. 6. BMNH R.958 in A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan
No full textFig. 6. BMNH R.958, referred to Hardella thurgi (Gray, 1831) by Lydekker (1889b, under the number BMNH R.954), here identified as Palatochelydia indet. A. Photograph of carapace. B. Illustration of carapace. C. Photograph of carapace in lateral view. D. Illustration of carapace in lateral view. E. Photograph of plastron. F. Illustration of plastron. Scale bar: 3 cm.Published as part of Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati & Joyce, Walter G., 2020, A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 652 on page 10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.652, http://zenodo.org/record/386023
FIGURE 1 in Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae)
No full textFIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of Acanthochelys radiolata based on the sampled specimens and literature analyzed. Specimens are assigned to populations according to freshwater ecoregions (Abell et al. 2008).Published as part of Garbin, Rafaella C., Karlguth, Deborah T., Fernandes, Daniel S. & Pinto, Roberta R., 2016, Morphological variation in the Brazilian Radiated Swamp Turtle Acanthochelys radiolata (Mikan, 1820) (Testudines: Chelidae) in Zootaxa 4105 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4105.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/25489
Melanochelys Gray 1869
No full textGenus Melanochelys Gray, 1869 Type species Melanochelys trijuga (Schweigger, 1812). Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters A member of Melanochelys can be diagnosed by having a small to medium sized, oval carapace (up to 30 cm in length), presence of three longitudinal keels, an octagonal second neural, neural III–VI with posterior short sides, a large first vertebral with lateral constriction, hexagonal second to fourth vertebral scutes, gular scutes that are longer than wide and an entoplastron that is intersected by the humeropectoral sulcus.Published as part of Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati & Joyce, Walter G., 2020, A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 652 on page 40, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.652, http://zenodo.org/record/386023
Pangshura tatrotia Joyce & Lyson 2010
No full textPangshura tatrotia Joyce & Lyson, 2010 Type YPM 4127, a near complete fossil shell. Material examined Holotype PAKISTAN • Punjab, Potwar Plateau, 2 miles north-east of Padhri; Tatrot Formation; Late Pliocene; YPM 4127. Type locality Yale North India Expedition locality 99, about two miles north-east of Padhri, Potwar Plateau, Punjab, Pakistan. Occurrence Tatrot Formation, Late Pliocene (3.6 to 2.6 Ma, possibly Plio–Pleistocene boundary). Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters Pangshura tatrotia can be differentiated from other species of Pangshura by the presence of a strong median keel projection on both the second and third vertebral, and a first vertebral scute that is constricted anteriorly. Description of the type YPM 4127, holotype of Pangshura tatrotia – This is an almost complete, well-preserved specimen, with a tectiform carapace from the Early Pliocene Tatrot Formation of the Potwar Plateau of Punjab, Pakistan. The posterior peripheral bones and left peripheral bones IV–VI are missing. A median, wellpronounced carapacial keel is present from neurals II to VIII. Neural bones II, III, VI–VIII are hexagonal with anterior short sides. Neural IV is octagonal, with both anterior and posterior sides short. Neural V is quadrangular, without short sides. The fourth vertebral scute runs from neural IV to VIII and has a strong anterior bottle-neck-shaped constriction. The posterior margins of the first and second pleural scutes run over costals II and IV, respectively, and have a strong anterior projection that crosses to the anterior costal bone. The pygal bone is completely divided by the twelfth intermarginal sulcus. Parts of the anterior and posterior plastral margins are missing. The entoplastron is intersected anteriorly by the gularohumeral sulcus, but not by the humeropectoral sulcus. The hyo-hypoplastral suture contacts peripheral V and does not overlap with the pectoroabdominal sulcus. The fifth and sixth marginal scutes form the bridge and overlap onto the hyoplastra. Only the sixth marginal scute overlaps with the hypoplastron. A large inguinal scute is present, likely contacting the femoral scute. For a more comprehensive description of this specimen, refer to Joyce & Lyson (2010). Comments Pangshura tatrotia was only recently named based on a well-preserved shell that documents with confidence a morphotype different from all extant representatives of Pangshura. The specimen is furthermore associated with quality locality data. We therefore here find the validity of this species to be unproblematic.Published as part of Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati & Joyce, Walter G., 2020, A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 652 on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.652, http://zenodo.org/record/386023
Melanochelys tapani Garbin, Bandyopadhyay & Joyce, 2020, nom. nov.
No full text<i>Melanochelys tapani</i> nom. nov. <p>Fig. 32</p> <p> <i>Nicoria tricarinata</i> var. <i>sivalensis</i> Lydekker, 1889b: 100.</p> <p> <i>Geoemyda tricarinata</i> Smith, 1931: 95.</p> <p> <i>Melanochelys tricarinata</i> TEWG, 2015: e.46.</p> Type <p>BMNH 39839, a near complete fossil shell (Fig. 32).</p> Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters <p> <i>Melanochelys tapani</i> can be differentiated from other <i>Melanochelys</i> species by the following combination of characters: presence of three carapacial keels, a highly domed shell, hexagonal second to fourth vertebrals that are wider than long, and a large cervical scute.</p> Etymology <p>The specific name is in honour of the late Prof. Tapan Roy Chowdhury of the Indian Statistical Institute, the distinguished teacher and researcher of Indian fossils, who established a school of vertebrate palaeontologists in India.</p> Material examined <p> <b>Holotype</b></p> <p>INDIA • Siwalik Hills; Miocene–Pliocene; BMNH 39839.</p> Type locality and horizon <p>Miocene/Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, likely of India.</p> Description of type <p> BMNH 39839 (Fig. 32), holotype of <i>Melanochelys tapani</i> nom. nov. and subsequent holotype of <i>Nicoria tricarinata sivalensis</i> – This is an almost complete carapace associated with a partial plastron from the Miocene/Pliocene Siwalik Hills, likely of India, originally figured and described by Lydekker (1885a: pl. 21.4; 1889b: fig. 21). Our observation of this specimen overall confirms the observations of Lydekker (1889b), but we also illustrate the plastron and a less idealized carapace that lacks sutures (Fig. 32). A part of the anterior margin of the carapace and all posterior peripherals are missing. Total carapace length is approximately 17 cm. Most sulci are preserved on the carapace, but only very few on the plastron. Three longitudinal carapacial keels are present. The lateral keels are closer to the center of the carapace than to the borders. A cervical scute is present. The first vertebral scute is wider than long and contacts the first marginal scutes. The second to fifth vertebral scutes are about the same size and wider than long. The sulcus between the second pleural and third vertebral is straight. The sulcus between the second and third pleural contacts the fifth marginal scute. Most of the plastral surface is not preserved. The anterior plastron margin straight and lacks a median notch. The gular scutes are longer than wide. The pectoroabdominal sulcus contacts the sixth marginal scute.</p> Comments <p>See Discussion for further details.</p>Published as part of <i>Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati & Joyce, Walter G., 2020, A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 652</i> on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.652, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3860236">http://zenodo.org/record/3860236</a>
Batagur dhongoka
No full text<i>Batagur dhongoka</i> (Gray, 1832) <p>Figs 14–15</p> <p> <i>Emys dhongoka</i> Gray, 1832: pl. 60.</p> <p> <i>Emys duvaucelli</i> Duméril & Bibron, 1835: 334.</p> <p> <i>Kachuga hardwickii</i> Gray, 1869: 202.</p> <p> <i>Batagur durandi</i> Lydekker, 1885a: 192.</p> <p> <i>Batagur dhongoka –</i> Gray 1855 (1856): 36. — Praschag <i>et al.</i> 2007: 439.</p> <p> <i>Clemmys dhongoka –</i> Strauch 1862: 33.</p> <p> <i>Dhongoka hardwickii –</i> Gray 1870: 56.</p> <p> <i>Batagur duvaucelli</i> – Anderson 1879: 738.</p> <p> <i>Kachuga dhongoka –</i> Boulenger 1889: 56.</p> Type <p>Unknown (Iverson 1992).</p> Material examined <p> INDIA • 1 specimen, holotype of <i>Batagur durandi</i>; Siwalik Hills; Miocene–Pliocene; BMNH 39841.</p> <p>COUNTRY UNKNOWN • 1 specimen; IM W19/173.</p> Type locality <p>Not stated originally, restricted by Smith (1931) to “N. India ” (Iverson 1992).</p> Occurrence <p>Miocene/Pliocene – Recent.</p> Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters <p> <i>Batagur dhongoka</i> can be differentiated from other <i>Batagur</i> species by the presence of an elongated fourth vertebral scute that overlaps four neural bones, a second vertebral scute with a posterior protrusion into the third vertebral, a straight humeropectoral sulcus, and a gulohumeral sulcus that forms a right angle.</p> Description of material examined <p> BMNH 39841 (Fig. 14), holotype of <i>Batagur durandi</i> – This is an almost complete, well-preserved specimen from Miocene/Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, probably of India, that was presented to BMNH by P.T. Cautley. The original figure by Lydekker (1885a: pl. 24.2) overall compares well to our observations, but we note differences in the shape of vertebrals III and IV and the presence of peripherals, and we document the plastron for the first time (Fig. 14 C–D).A portion of the anterior margin of the carapace and some posterior left peripheral bones are missing. The specimen clearly represents an adult female due to its large size (carapace length greater than 40 cm). A median longitudinal carapacial keel is present, which is elevated in the posterior region of the second vertebral scute. All neural bones are hexagonal and anteriorly short-sided. The first to fourth neural bones are about the same size and longer than wide. The fifth to eighth neural bones are wider than long. The seventh neural is anomalously divided into two elements. The first vertebral scute is bell-shaped and has a small anterolateral constriction. The second vertebral scute has a deep protrusion along its posterior margin into the third vertebral. The third vertebral scute has a smaller protrusion into the fourth vertebral scute. The fourth vertebral is twice as long than wide and its anterior margin intersects the fourth neural. The sulcus between the first and second pleural forms a deep anterolateral projection onto the first costal bone. The fifth and sixth marginal scutes overlap part of the costal bones. The anterior plastral margin is not completely preserved. The entoplastron is not intersected by the humeropectoral sulcus. the pectoroabdominal sulcus contacts the fifth marginal scute on one side of the specimen, but the sixth marginal on the other. Both the fifth and sixth marginal scutes overlap the hyoplastron. The hyo-hypoplastral suture and pectoroabdominal sulcus do not overlap or coincide. The xiphiplastra have a small, rounded anal notch.</p> <p>IM W19/173 (Fig. 15) – This is a well-preserved specimen that lacks provenance data and that appears to be unpublished. The majority of sutures and sulci of the carapace are clearly visible. The specimen likely represents an adult female due to its large size (carapace length greater than 40 cm). The carapace is highly domed at its center. A median carapacial keel is present, with protrusions at the posterior margins of the second and third vertebral scutes. The neural bones, likely the sixth to eighth, are anteriorly short-sided. The sulcus between the first and the second pleurals and the second and third pleurals are positioned over the second and fourth costal bones, respectively. The plastron is damaged and thus not shown here.</p> Comments <p> Here, we attribute these two specimens to <i>Batagur dhongoka</i> based on the protrusion of the second vertebral into the third, a medially short third vertebral scute, a fourth vertebral scute that is much longer than wide, and a large plastron with straight humeropectoral sulci that do not cross the entoplastron (noticeable on BMNH 39841). This confirms the synonym of <i>B. durandi</i> with <i>Batagur dhongoka</i>, as first suggested by Boulenger (1889) and later supported by Lydekker (1889a), TEWG (2015) and TTWG (2017).</p>Published as part of <i>Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati & Joyce, Walter G., 2020, A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 652</i> on pages 20-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.652, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3860236">http://zenodo.org/record/3860236</a>
Batagur Gray 1856
No full textGenus <i>Batagur</i> Gray, 1856 <p>Figs 10–11</p> Type species <p> <i>Batagur baska</i> (Gray, 1830).</p> Differential osteological diagnosis using shell characters <p> A representative of <i>Batagur</i> can be diagnosed by the presence of a large carapace size (median carapace length of more than 40 cm in adults), a well-developed bridge, well-developed axillary and inguinal buttresses, neural scutes with anterior short sides, a long third neural bone, a short, anteriorly truncated gular scute, an entoplastron that is not intersected by the humeropectoral sulcus and a short anal notch.</p> Material examined <p> INDIA • 1 specimen, holotype of <i>Batagur cautleyi</i> Lydekker, 1885; Siwalik Hills; Miocene–Pliocene; BMNH 39834.</p> <p>COUNTRY UNKNOWN • 1 specimen; IM E.176.</p> Description <p> BMNH 39834 (Fig. 10), holotype of <i>Batagur cautleyi</i> – This an almost complete shell from the Miocene/ Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, likely of India, showing the majority of sulci and of the sutures along the center of the carapace. It was originally figured by Lydekker (1885a: pl. 24.1), but our observations reveal many additional sutures. There are no signs of growth annuli. The specimen likely is an adult female due to its large size (carapace length greater than 54 cm). A small protuberance on neural IV suggests the previous presence of a median keel. A cervical scute is present. The first vertebral scute is longer than wide and shows a lateral constriction. Neurals II–IV have anteriorly short sides, but neural V has a short left posterior side, which is probably abnormal. The sulcus between the second pleural and the third vertebral is almost straight. The anterior plastral margin is straight and lacks an inflection on the contact of the gularohumeral sulcus. The pectoroabdominal sulcus contacts the sulcus between fifth and sixth marginal scutes. The anal notch is not preserved in this specimen. No plastral sutures can be seen.</p> <p>IM E.176 (Fig. 11) – This is a well-preserved specimen that lacks provenance data and appears to be unpublished. The majority of sutures and sulci are clearly visible. This is an adult specimen due to its large size (carapace length greater than 35 cm), but its gender is unknown. A median carapacial keel is present on the posterior parts of the carapace and is strongly marked over neurals IV and VI. The carapace is rather domed at its center, with no signs of growth annuli. Vertebral scutes are subrectangular and have equally sized anterior and posterior margins. Neurals II to VI are anteriorly shortsided. Gular scutes appear to be wider than long and overlap part of the entoplastron. The humeropectoral sulcus is located posterior to the entoplastron. The pectoroabdominal sulcus does not intersect the hyohypoplastron suture and has two lateral notches, suggesting the former presence of parasagital plastral keels at the bridge.</p> Comments <p> We attributed BMNH 39834 and IM E.176, the type series of <i>Batagur cautleyi</i>, to <i>Batagur</i> indet. based on their massive size, highly domed carapace, and presence of an axillary notch and rather straight anterior plastral margin. However, we cannot identify these specimens to species level even though they display unique character combinations. See Discussion (<i>Batagur cautleyi</i> from the Siwalik Hills) for additional details.</p>Published as part of <i>Garbin, Rafaella C., Bandyopadhyay, Saswati & Joyce, Walter G., 2020, A taxonomic revision of geoemydid turtles from Siwalik-age of India and Pakistan, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 652</i> on pages 13-16, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.652, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3860236">http://zenodo.org/record/3860236</a>
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