496 research outputs found
Single-beam phase retrieval with partially coherent light illumination
No full textA single-beam phase retrieval method with partially coherent illumination is proposed. By using an obverse and reverse iterative (ORI) algorithm, objects can be reconstructed within less time by recording a sequence of diffraction patterns at different axial planes under partially coherent light illumination. Partially coherent light illumination reduces coherent noise and the number of diffraction patterns needed for reconstruction. Thus, the whole process is fast and has high immunity to external perturbation due to the reference-less configuration. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach
MCSD 1.0 - Multimodal Chinese Sarcasm Dataset
No full textThis repository includes full text file of Multimodal Chinese Sarcasm Dataset (MCSD), a curated dataset for research on multimodal sarcasm detection in Mandarin Chinese publicly broadcasted stand-up comedy. The corpus is structured as follows:
unique utterance ID for each transcribed segment.
manually verified transcription of the spoken utterance (in Mandarin).
pseudonymized speaker ID.
annotated label (sarcastic / not sarcastic) for each transcription.
aligned start and end timestamps.
reference to the original publicly available video.
For full dataset description and annotation guidelines, please see: Link
Contributors and roles
Xiyuan Gao (University of Groningen) – PhD researcher. Responsible for dataset design, transcription processing, annotation guideline.
Dr. Bruce Xiao Wang (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) – Collaborator and linguistic expert. Contributed to the research framework, research methodology design, and Mandarin discourse insights.
Meiling Zhang, Shuming Zhang, and Zhu Li – Carried out manual labeling of sarcasm in the transcribed data based on developed annotation protocols.
Dr. Matt Coler & Dr. Shekhar Nayak (University of Groningen) – Supervisors. Provided research supervision and guidance on ethical compliance.</li
Role of Sprouty2 in prostate carcinogenesis
No full textProstate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer in men. In the UK alone, there are over 30,000 men diagnosed with PC every year. Loss of SPRY2 and activation of receptor tyrosine kinases are common events in PC. However, the molecular basis of their interaction and clinical impact remains to be fully examined. SPRY2 loss may functionally synergise with aberrant cellular signalling to drive PC and to promote treatment resistant disease. Using a combination of in vitro, pre-clinical in vivo models and clinical PC, this thesis shows the impact of SPRY2 loss upon activation of the ErbB signalling system via a positive feedback regulation of the ErbB-PI3K/AKT cascade. Loss of SPRY2 resulted in hyper-activation of PI3K/AKT signalling to drive proliferation and invasion by enhanced internalisation of EGFR/HER2 and their sustained localisation and signalling at the early endosome in a PTEN-dependent manner. This involves activation of p38 MAPK by PI3K to facilitate clathrin-mediated ErbB receptor endocytosis. Furthermore, this thesis suggests a critical role of PI3K/AKT in PC whereby in vitro and in vivo inhibition of PI3K suppresses proliferation and invasion, supporting PI3K/AKT as a target for therapy particularly in patients with PTEN-haploinsufficiency, low SPRY2 and ErbB expressing tumours. In conclusion, SPRY2 is an important tumour suppressor in PC; its loss drives the PI3K/AKT pathway via functional interaction with the ErbB system
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The Impact of Urban Development on Disparities in Exposures and Health in Xi’an, China
No full textChina’s cities have been growing both in size and population at an unprecedented rate over the last three decades. The evolving urban landscape has important consequences for public health. However, the relationships among the physical environment, human behaviors, environmental exposures, and health are understudied in Chinese populations. Furthermore, more evidence from Chinese studies is needed to inform the design of urban environments and public health programs that promote and improve both mental and physical health. This dissertation examines how urban development trends in China affect health and quality of life. I approached this question by conducting a cross-sectional socio-behavioral and health survey of 1608 adults in 20 neighborhoods in Xi’an, China in 2013. This cross-sectional study includes residents of four types of neighborhoods that represent different stages of China’s urbanization: work-units, lane and courtyard housing, and two forms of commodity housing (high-density high rises and low-density high rises) neighborhoods. Although cross-sectional in design, this dissertation leverages the temporal history of the neighborhoods present in Xi’an to explore the relationships of development trends with behaviors and health. In particular, I examine the relationships between the natural and built environments and urban health. In addition, I identify neighborhood-specific factors that public health practitioners and urban planners might target to improve health.First, I apply land use regression (LUR) methodology and the deletion/substitution/addition (DSA) algorithm to select predictive models and create concentration surfaces for four pollutants: PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and O3. The LUR models identified substantial areas of Xi’an that had annual PM2.5, SO2, and NO2 concentrations exceeding current health standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO), providing more evidence for the potential health risks from ambient air pollution in Chinese cities. Because consistent and reliable air quality monitoring networks are rarely able to keep pace with urbanization in China, new technologies are needed to complement the existing methods of environmental management in cities. Thus, I also test the validity of a new low cost particulate matter sensor (PUWP) for use in high concentration areas like Xi’an. The PUWP sensor performed well as compared to mature PM monitors and could be used to rapidly screen for air pollution “hotspots” in large areas where setting up extensive monitoring stations is challenging. The analysis also observed a sinusoidal relationship between sensor response and PM2.5 concentrations, indicating gradual saturation in the optical sensor’s ability to detect ambient concentrations in high PM environments above 300 µg/m3.In addition, I present the results of the cross-sectional socio-behavioral and health survey where I examine the associations between self-reported perceptions of the built environment and quality of life, and assess whether these associations differ across the four types of neighborhoods. Neighborhood built environment was strongly associated with both mental and physical-health related quality of life in the commodity housing neighborhoods (high and low-density). In particular, pedestrian infrastructure, diversity of resources, access to and from the neighborhood, and neighborhood safety had the highest positive associations with increased mental health in the high-density high-rise neighborhoods. In the work-unit neighborhoods, increased access to and from the neighborhood was found to be a significantly associated with both mental and physical health. Pedestrian infrastructure, diversity of neighborhood resources, and esthetics were found to be positively associated with mental health in lane/courtyard neighborhoods.Finally, results from the LUR analysis are also used in an exposure assessment of ambient air pollution for the 20 surveyed neighborhoods. I examine the role of neighborhood air pollution in modifying the associations between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and adverse health impact and quality of life. Neighborhood ambient air pollution is included in health effects models in two ways: 1) categorical single pollutant and 2) categorical mixtures models. Increasing LTPA levels are associated with lower odds of adverse health impacts and higher reported quality of life. However, the health and quality of life benefits of physical activity are potentially lower in areas where ambient PM2.5 and O3 are elevated. In addition, single pollutant models are poor proxies of mixtures of pollutants, which indicate a need for considering multi-pollutant exposures in epidemiological studies.Collectively, these results suggest the built, natural, and social environments should be considered simultaneously as potential targets of intervention to improve quality of life and health in Chinese cities
Phylogenetic relationships and estimation of divergence times among Sisoridae catfishes
No full textNineteen taxa representing 10 genera of Sisoridae were subjected to phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for the nuclear genes Plagl2 and ADNP and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome . The three data sets were analyzed separately and combined into a single data set to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among Chinese sisorids. Both Chinese Sisoridae as a whole and the glyptosternoid taxa formed monophyletic groups. The genus is likely to be the earliest diverging extant genus among the Chinese Sisoridae. The four species included in the study formed a monophyletic group. was indicated to be earliest diverging glyptosternoid, followed by and . Our data supported the conclusion that and both formed a monophyletic group. On the basis of the fossil record and the results of a molecular dating analysis, we estimated that the Sisoridae diverged in the late Miocene about 12.2 Mya. The glyptosternoid clade was indicated to have diverged, also in the late Miocene, about 10.7 Mya, and the more specialized glyptosternoid genera, such as , originated in the Pleistocene (within 1.9 Mya). The speciation of glyptosternoid fishes is hypothesized to be closely related with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Nineteen taxa representing 10 genera of Sisoridae were subjected to phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for the nuclear genes Plagl2 and ADNP and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome . The three data sets were analyzed separately and combined into a single data set to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among Chinese sisorids. Both Chinese Sisoridae as a whole and the glyptosternoid taxa formed monophyletic groups. The genus is likely to be the earliest diverging extant genus among the Chinese Sisoridae. The four species included in the study formed a monophyletic group. was indicated to be earliest diverging glyptosternoid, followed by and . Our data supported the conclusion that and both formed a monophyletic group. On the basis of the fossil record and the results of a molecular dating analysis, we estimated that the Sisoridae diverged in the late Miocene about 12.2 Mya. The glyptosternoid clade was indicated to have diverged, also in the late Miocene, about 10.7 Mya, and the more specialized glyptosternoid genera, such as , originated in the Pleistocene (within 1.9 Mya). The speciation of glyptosternoid fishes is hypothesized to be closely related with the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Real-time visualization of fluidic field using point-diffraction digital holographic interferometry
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Re-Os dating of chalcopyrite from selected mineral deposits in the Kalatag district in the eastern Tianshan Orogen, China
No full textThe Kalatag Cu-Zn-Au district contains a number of economically important Cu deposits in eastern Tianshan in Xinjiang, NW China. Due to the lack of precise mineralization ages, the metallogenesis of this area has long been a matter of debate. In this study, chalcopyrite Re-Os isotope methods are used to date the South Meiling Cu-Zn and Hongshi Cu deposits in the eastern part of Kalatag area. The South Meiling Cu-Zn deposit is hosted in volcanic-sedimentary rocks of the Late Ordovician to Early Silurian Daliugou Formation. The deposit consists of two parts: a concordant massive sulfide ores and discordant vein-type ores located in the footwall strata. The principal ore minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, minor tetrahedrite, galena and pyrrhotite. Gangue minerals include quartz, sericite and barite, and minor chlorite, plagioclase and carbonate minerals. The Hongshi Cu deposit represents a hydrothermal vein system hosted in the mafic volcanic rocks of Daliugou Formation. The orebodies are associated with quartz veins and controlled by subsidiary faults of the Kalatag fault. The ore-forming process can be divided into the early, middle and late stages and is characterized by quartz-pyrite, quartz-chalcopyrite-pyrite and quartz-carbonate-gypsum veins, respectively. Re-Os analyses of chalcopyrite from the South Meiling Cu-Zn deposit yield an isochron age of 434.2 +/- 3.9 Ma and initial Os-187/Os-188 ratio of 0.647 +/- 0.098 (MSWD = 0.59). Re-Os analyses of chalcopyrite from the Hongshi Cu deposit yield an isochron age of 431.8 +/- 2.7 Ma and initial Os-187/Os-188 ratio of -0.165 +/- 0.075 (MSWD = 0.77). Since chalcopyrite is the primary copper mineral, we interpret these isochron ages as the timing of Cu mineralization, based on field geology and petrographic evidence. These results suggest that the Re-Os ages presented here provide, for the first time, a direct constraint on an early Paleozoic Cu mineralization event of the eastern Tianshan Orogen. The high initial Os-187/Os-188 ratios (0.647 +/- 0.098) ratio of similar to 434 Ma chalcopyrite from the South Meiling deposit suggest that the metal was sourced from a two end-member mixing of crust and mantle materials. Moreover, we propose that the VMS mineral system and hydrothermal vein system of the Kalatag district were related to the south-dipping subduction of the Kalamaili oceanic plate during the Late Ordovician-Silurian. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.973 Project [2014CB440803]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41572077, U1139301, 41202064, 41203037]; China Geological Survey Bureau [1212011140056, 12120114081701]SCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]
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